Adrien Loir (15 December 1862 – 1941) was a French
bacteriologist
A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology -- a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learning about bacteria, ...
born in
Lyon
Lyon,, ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, third-largest city and Urban area (France), second-largest metropolitan area of F ...
. He was a nephew of
Louis Pasteur, and for much of his career was associated with the
Pasteur Institute
The Pasteur Institute (french: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, micro-organisms, diseases, and vaccines. It is named after Louis Pasteur, who invented pasteurization and vaccines ...
.
From 1882 to 1888 Loir was an assistant in Pasteur's laboratory in
Paris
Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), ma ...
, where he performed research of
swine fever
Classical swine fever (CSF) or hog cholera (also sometimes called pig plague based on the German word ) is a highly contagious disease of swine ( Old World and New World pigs). It has been mentioned as a potential bioweapon.
Clinical signs
S ...
. In 1886, he installed the first anti-
rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure. These symptoms are followed by one or more of the following symptoms: nausea, vomiting, ...
clinic in
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...
. Between 1888 and 1893 he made two journeys to
Australia to conduct research of
anthrax and
pleuropneumonia
Pleuropneumonia is inflammation of the lungs and pleura, pleurisy being the inflammation of the pleura alone.
See also
* Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia – a disease in cattle
* Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
Contagious caprine pleuro ...
. While there, he investigated the use of
chicken cholera bacillus
''Bacillus'' (Latin "stick") is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria, a member of the phylum '' Bacillota'', with 266 named species. The term is also used to describe the shape (rod) of other so-shaped bacteria; and the plural ''Bacill ...
in an attempt to eradicate the country's
rabbit infestation.
In 1893 he founded the Pasteur Institute of
Tunisia
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, and for several years was a professor of
hygiene
Hygiene is a series of practices performed to preserve health.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refer ...
and
bacteriology Bacteriology is the branch and specialty of biology that studies the morphology, ecology, genetics and biochemistry of bacteria as well as many other aspects related to them. This subdivision of microbiology involves the identification, classificat ...
at the colonial school in
Tunis
''Tounsi'' french: Tunisois
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. In 1906 he traveled to
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
, where he demonstrated that the equine disease,
dourine is caused by the parasite ''
trypanosoma equiperdum''.
Written works
* ''Notes on the large death rate among Australian sheep, in country infected with Cumberland Disease, or splenic fever'', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 1891.
* ''Notes on a spontaneous disease among Australian rabbits'', Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 1891.
* ''L'Institut pasteur d'Australie'',
La Nature
''La Nature'' (English: ''Nature'') was a French language magazine aimed at the popularization of science established in 1873 by French scientist and adventurer Gaston Tissandier. The magazine also received an enormous amount of time, effort ...
9 July 1892 and 30 July 1892.
* ''Chez les aborigènes australiens'', La Nature 23 June 1893 and 5 July 1893.
* ''Les lapins en Australie'', La Nature 19 August 1893.
* ''Histoire des épidémies de peste à Tunis''. Revue scientifique 4ème série - Tome XIII 29 March 1900.
* ''La destruction des termites dans les pays tropicaux'', La Nature 11 July 1903.
* ''Nouveau procédé de désinfection des bateaux : L'appareil clayton'', La Nature 5 September 1903.
* ''La main-d'œuvre dans les mines d'or du sud de l'Afrique : La bière des cafres'', La Nature 24 October 1903.
* ''Le chemin de fer du Cap au Caire'', La Nature 28 November 1903.
* ''Le chat. Son utilité. La destruction des rats'', éd. Ballière, 1930.
* ''À l’ombre de Pasteur'', éd. Le mouvement sanitaire, 1938.
References
Pasteur Institute International NetworkAdrien Loir
* List of publications copied from the
French Wikipedia
The French Wikipedia (french: Wikipédia en français) is the French-language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. This edition was started on 23 March 2001, two months after the official creation of Wikipedia. It has articl ...
.
French bacteriologists
1862 births
1941 deaths
Scientists from Lyon
Louis Pasteur
{{France-biologist-stub