Adrian Cioroianu

Adrian Mihai Cioroianu (born January 5, 1967, Craiova, Romania) is a Romanian historian, politician, journalist, and essayist. A lecturer for the History Department at the University of Bucharest, he is the author of several books dealing with Romanian history (and specifically with the history of Communist Romania). He is also noted for his contribution as co-author of a high school textbook.

A member of the Group for Social Dialogue, he joined the National Liberal Party (PNL) and was elected to the Romanian Senate for Timiș County in 2004. Following the accession of Romania to the European Union (January 1, 2007), he served as a Member of the European Parliament in the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) and a vice president of the ALDE group in the European Parliament. On April 5, 2007, Cioroianu became Foreign Affairs Minister in the second Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu cabinet. On April 11, 2008, he announced his resignation, following a scandal involving the death of a Romanian citizen on hunger strike in Poland.

A contributor to numerous newspapers and magazines (including ''Cotidianul'', '' 22'', ''Sfera Politicii'', ''Lettre International'', and ''Dosarele Istoriei''), he has been a member of the editorial staff for ''Dilema Veche'' since 1998, and an editor for '' Gazeta Sporturilor'' since 2003. Between 2000 and 2004, Cioroianu has hosted several talk shows on television (for Pax TV, TVR 1, and Realitatea TV).

Biography

Early life

Born in Craiova to Iulian and Valeria, Cioroianu graduated from the University of Bucharest's Faculty of History in 1993, taking a Master's degree from Université Laval in Quebec (1997), and a PhD from the same institution (with the thesis ''The Myth, the Images and the Cult of the Leader in Communist Romania'', 2002).

In 1993 he married Luminiţa, a university classmate who became an English-language translator. They had a son, Mihai, in 1999 before divorcing in November 2003. His wife cited an extramarital affair and a disinterest in family obligations as motives for the divorce.

Textbook controversy

One of his first noted public appearances took place in 1999, when several textbooks received endorsement from the Ministry of Education, as multiple alternatives to the older ones (which had been authored by the ministry itself). New methods and subjects proposed in the study of Romanian history became the center of controversy, which involved, among others, the textbook authored by Cioroianu and other University staff ( Stelian Brezeanu, Florin Müller, Mihai Sorin Rădulescu, and Mihai Retegan) for Editura RAO; the book itself was criticized for not allocating a larger segment to the Romanian Revolution of 1989, and Cioroianu later explained that the editorial choice had been imposed by the level of trustworthy sources available at the time.Radu Tutuianu, "Revoluţia alternativă" ("The Alternative Revolution")
, in '' Jurnalul Naţional'', December 27, 2005

Cioroianu was also highly critical of the methods used by adversaries of the textbooks during the overall debate, and publicly sided with the authors of arguably the most innovative manual, the one published by Editura Sigma.Paul Cernat, "Cioroianu trece ecranul" ("Cioroianu Moves beyond the Screen")
in ''Observator Cultural''Răzvan Pârâianu, "Politica şi predarea istoriei" ("Politics and the Teaching of History"), in ''Eurozine''
He repeatedly argued in favor of the authors ( Sorin Mitu, Ovidiu Pecican, Lucia Copoeru, Virgiliu Ţârău, and Liviu Ţîrău), debating the issue with Marius Tucă and Octavian Paler during television appearances of that year.

Throughout the Adrian Năstase premiership (2000–2004), Cioroianu remained critical of the Social Democratic Party's policies on education, and questioned the decision taken by the Minister of Education, Ecaterina Andronescu, regarding restrictions on the number of textbooks receiving official approval."Manualele alternative la cheremul MEC" ("Alternative Textbooks Left to the Whims of the Education Ministry")
, in '' 22'', May 2002

Political career

Cioroianu entered politics as a PNL member in 2002, when he became an adviser on Theodor Stolojan's staff.

In 2004, he was elected to the Senate for Timiș County, a member of the Justice and Truth group inside the Parliament of Romania. He was Vice President of the Senate Committee on Culture, Arts and Media, and stood on the Committee of Inquiry into the activities of the Romanian Television Company.

With fellow National Liberal parliamentarians Mona Muscă, Viorel Oancea, and Mihăiţă Calimente, Cioroianu initiated the legislative project on lustration (aimed at preventing former Romanian Communist Party and Union of Communist Youth active cadres from holding public office over a period of ten years).Lucian Gheorghiu, Cristian Pătrăşconiu, "România refuză să işi vadă chipul in oglinda lustraţiei" ("Romania Refuses to Gaze upon Its Image in the Mirror of Lustration")
in ''Cotidianul'', March 13, 2006"Legea lustraţiei a trecut de Senat" ("The Lustration Law Was Passed by the Senate"), April 10, 2006, at HotNews.ro
Proposed at the same time as a more radical one drafted by National Initiative Party politicians, it reflected the legacy of the '' Timișoara Proclamation'' and was passed by the Senate in April 2006.

He became an observer to the European Parliament in 2005, and was subsequently selected MEP in 2007. On February 19, 2007, he was nominated as foreign minister by Prime Minister Călin Popescu Tăriceanu, following the resignation of Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu.Associated Press
"Romanian Prime Minister Proposes Cioroianu as New Foreign Minister"
in the '' International Herald Tribune'' European edition, February 19, 2007 President Traian Băsescu refused to approve the nomination, saying that Cioroianu lacked the necessary experience.Associated Press
"Romanian Prime Minister Asks Court to Order President to Appoint New Foreign Minister"
in the '' International Herald Tribune'' European edition, March 13, 2007 In March, Tăriceanu asked the Constitutional Court to resolve the dispute.

Following the creation of the second Popescu Tăriceanu cabinet, Cioroianu was confirmed as foreign minister by President Băsescu and sworn in on April 5, 2007. He resigned on April 11, 2008, following a scandal involving an alleged Romanian thief who died following a hunger strike in Kraków, Poland, where he had been arrested. Romania's consular services were faulted for not intervening in his defense."Ministrul de Externe Adrian Ciorioianu şi-a dat demisia" ("Minister of Foreign Affairs Adrian Cioroianu Has Resigned")
in ''Ziua'', April 11, 2008

"Greatest Romanians" controversy

In autumn 2006, he was selected by TVR 1 to take part in the televised poll to determine the greatest Romanian, during which he was to showcase the career of ''Conducător'' Ion Antonescu, Romania's World War II dictator; the public had already selected Antonescu as one of the top 10 entries. Like other intellectuals chosen to take part in the campaign, each supporting a particular entry, Cioroianu narrated a short documentary film, and was subsequently involved in debates on the TVR 1 set (during two separate rounds of voting).

Unlike all other participants, he chose to base his account of Antonescu on criticism, exposing, among others, war crimes against the Jewish and Roma communities during the Holocaust (in Transnistria and elsewhere),Vasile Gârneţ, "«Mari Români». Concursul s-a terminat, discuţiile continuă" ("«Greatest Romanians». The Competition Is Over, Debates Carry On"), in ''Contrafort'', October 2006
as well as Antonescu's unquestioned support for Adolf Hitler (''see Romania during World War II''), while arguing that Antonescu was a mediocre politician."Programul «Mari Români», acuzat de denigrarea mareşalului Antonescu" ("The «Greatest Romanians» Program, Accused of Denigrating Marshal Antonescu")
in ''Gândul'', October 31, 2006

The Romanian Academy's National Institute for the Study of Totalitarianism reacted to the program, accusing TVR 1 of mounting an overt campaign to denigrate Antonescu. It also questioned the fact that Cioroianu, a member of the Senate Committee on Culture, had accepted payment with public funds for his presence on the show. Criticism was also voiced by ''Ziua'' newspaper, which asked why the Television had not handed the office to a public person with more positive views of the former Romanian leader, and argued that Cioroianu had used his position to shame those who had voted for Antonescu.Miruna Munteanu, "Antonescu executat din nou, la TVR" ("Antonescu Executed a Second Time, on TVR")
in ''Ziua'', October 24, 2006

In response, Cioroianu indicated that he had been invited on set as a history professor, not as an Antonescu defender or a senator, and argued that his was a version determined by research (arguing that the latter is "the best cure against all sorts of mythologies and clichés").

Works

Authored

*''Scrum de secol. O sută una poveşti suprapuse'' ("The Ashes of a Century. A Hundred and One Superimposed Stories"), Editura Curtea Veche, Bucharest, 2001
*''Focul ascuns în piatră. Despre istorie, memorie şi alte vanităţi contemporane'' ("The Fire Hidden in Stone. On History, Memory and Other Contemporary Vanities"), Polirom, Iaşi, 2002
*''Ce Ceausescu qui hante les Roumains: le mythe, les représentations et le culte du Dirigeant dans la Roumanie communiste'' ("This Ceauşescu Who Is Haunting the Romanians: the Myth, the Images and the Cult of the Leader in Communist Romania"; originally published in French), Editura Curtea Veche, L'agence Universitaire de la Francophonie, Bucharest 2005
*''Pe umerii lui Marx. O introducere în istoria comunismului românesc'' ("On the Shoulders of Marx. An Incursion into the History of Romanian Communism"), Editura Curtea Veche, Bucharest, 2005.
*''Sic transit gloria. Cronica subiectivă a unui cincinal în trei ani şi jumătate'' ("Sic Transit Gloria. The Subjective Chronicle of a Five-Year Plan Completed over Three and a Half Years"), Polirom, Iaşi, 2006

Co-authored

* With Lucian Boia and Tom Sandqvist: ''Arhiva Durerii'' ("The Archive of Pain"), Editura Fundaţia Academia Civică, Pionier Press 2000

References

External links

*
Official website
*
Profile at the Romanian Senate

European Parliament profile

European Parliament official photo


* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20050825072525/http://www.polirom.ro/autori.cgi?action=autori&class=details&id=946 Profile at Polirom.ro*
Fragment from ''Pe umerii lui Marx'', published by LiterNet

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cioroianu, Adrian
21st-century Romanian historians
Members of the Senate of Romania
National Liberal Party (Romania) politicians
Romanian essayists
Romanian magazine editors
Romanian newspaper editors
Romanian television personalities
Romanian textbook writers
Romanian writers in French
Cold War historians
Academic staff of the University of Bucharest
University of Bucharest alumni
People from Craiova
1967 births
Living people
National Liberal Party (Romania) MEPs
MEPs for Romania 2007