Adobe Flash

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ADOBE FLASH is a soon to be deprecated multimedia software platform used for production of animations , rich Internet applications , desktop applications , mobile applications , mobile games and embedded web browser video players. Adobe plans to end support for this platform by 2020. Flash displays text, vector graphics and raster graphics to provide animations, video games and applications. It allows streaming of audio and video , and can capture mouse, keyboard, microphone and camera input.

Artists may produce Flash graphics and animations using Adobe Animate . Software developers may produce applications and video games using Adobe Flash Builder
Adobe Flash Builder , FlashDevelop
FlashDevelop , Flash Catalyst , or any text editor when used with the Apache Flex
Apache Flex SDK.

End-users can view Flash content via Flash Player (for web browsers), AIR (for desktop or mobile apps ) or third-party players such as Scaleform (for video games). Adobe Flash Player (supported on Microsoft Windows , macOS and Linux
Linux ) enables end-users to view Flash content using web browsers . Adobe Flash Lite enabled viewing Flash content on older smartphones , but has been discontinued and superseded by Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR .

The ActionScript programming language allows the development of interactive animations, video games, web applications, desktop applications and mobile applications. Programmers can implement Flash software using an IDE such as Adobe Animate , Adobe Flash Builder
Adobe Flash Builder , Adobe Director , FlashDevelop
FlashDevelop and Powerflasher FDT . Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR enables full-featured desktop and mobile applications to be developed with Flash, and published for Windows
Windows , macOS , Android , iOS , Xbox One , PlayStation 4
PlayStation 4 , Nintendo Switch
Nintendo Switch , and Wii U .

Although Flash was previously a dominant platform for online multimedia content, it is slowly being abandoned as Adobe favors a transition to HTML5
HTML5 and almost completely halted its development due to inherent security flaws and significant resources required to maintain the platform.

CONTENTS

* 1 Applications

* 1.1 Websites * 1.2 RIAs * 1.3 Video games * 1.4 Film and animation

* 2 History

* 2.1 FutureWave * 2.2 Macromedia

* 2.3 Adobe

* 2.3.1 End of life

* 3 Format

* 3.1 FLA * 3.2 SWF * 3.3 3D * 3.4 Flash Video * 3.5 Flash Audio * 3.6 Scripting language * 3.7 Specifications

* 4 Animation tools

* 4.1 Official tools * 4.2 Third-party tools

* 5 Programming tools

* 5.1 Official tools * 5.2 Third-party tools

* 6 Players

* 6.1 Proprietary * 6.2 Open source
Open source

* 7 Availability

* 7.1 Desktop computers

* 7.1.1 Flash Player * 7.1.2 Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR

* 7.2 Mobile devices

* 7.2.1 Flash Player * 7.2.2 Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR

* 7.3 Portable electronic devices

* 8 Open Screen Project * 9 Mobile support

* 10 Alternatives

* 10.1 HTML5
HTML5

* 11 Criticisms

* 11.1 Vendor dependence * 11.2 Accessibility * 11.3 Flash blocking in web browsers * 11.4 Security * 11.5 Flash cookies

* 12 See also * 13 Footnotes * 14 References * 15 External links

APPLICATIONS

WEBSITES

In the early 2000s, Flash was widely installed on desktop computers , and was commonly used to display interactive web pages , online games , and to playback video and audio content. In 2005, YouTube
YouTube was founded by former PayPal employees, and it used Flash Player as a means to display compressed video content on the web.

Between 2000 and 2010, numerous businesses used Flash-based websites to launch new products, or to create interactive company portals. Notable users include Nike , Hewlett-Packard , Nokia
Nokia , General Electric , World Wildlife Fund , HBO , Cartoon Network
Cartoon Network and Disney . After Adobe introduced hardware-accelerated 3D for Flash ( Stage3D ), Flash websites saw a growth of 3D content for product demonstrations and virtual tours.

In 2007, YouTube
YouTube offered videos in HTML5
HTML5 format to support the iPhone and iPad , which did not support Flash Player. After a controversy with Apple , Adobe stopped developing Flash Player for Mobile, focussing its efforts on Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR applications and HTML5
HTML5 animation. In 2015, Google introduced Google Swiffy to convert Flash animation to HTML5
HTML5 , a tool Google would use to automatically convert Flash web ads for mobile devices. In 2015, YouTube
YouTube switched to HTML5
HTML5 technology on all devices, however it will preserve the Flash-based video player for older web browsers.

RIAS

After Flash 5 introduced ActionScript in 2000, developers combined the visual and programming capabilities of Flash to produce interactive experiences and applications for the Web. Such Web-based applications eventually came to be known as "Rich Internet Applications" (RIAs).

In 2004, Macromedia Flex was released, and specifically targeted the application development market. Flex introduced new user interface components, advanced data visualization components, data remoting, and a modern IDE (Flash Builder). Flex competed with Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) and Microsoft Silverlight during its tenure. Flex was upgraded to support integration with remote data sources, using AMF , BlazeDS , Adobe LiveCycle , Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud , and others. As of 2015, Flex applications can be published for desktop platforms using Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR .

Between 2006 and 2016, the Speedtest.net
Speedtest.net web service conducted over 9.0 billion speed tests using an RIA built with Adobe Flash. In 2016, the service shifted to HTML5
HTML5 due to the decreasing availability of Adobe Flash Player on PCs.

As of 2016, Web applications and RIAs can be developed with Flash using the ActionScript 3.0 programming language and related tools such as Adobe Flash Builder
Adobe Flash Builder . Third-party IDEs such as FlashDevelop
FlashDevelop and Powerflasher FDT also enable developers to create Flash games and applications, and are generally similar to Microsoft Visual Studio . Flex applications are typically built using Flex frameworks such as PureMVC .

VIDEO GAMES

Flash video games were popular on the Internet, with portals like Newgrounds dedicated to hosting of Flash-based games. Popular games developed with Flash include _ Angry Birds _, _ Clash of Clans _, _ FarmVille _, _ AdventureQuest _ and _ Machinarium _.

Adobe introduced various technologies to help build video games, including Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR (to release games for desktop or mobile platforms), Adobe Scout (to improve performance), CrossBridge (to convert C++-based games to run in Flash), and Stage3D (to support GPU-accelerated video games). 3D frameworks like Away3D
Away3D and Flare3D simplified creation of 3D content for Flash.

Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR allows creation of Flash-based mobile games , which may be published to the Google Play
Google Play and iTunes app stores.

Flash is also used to build interfaces and HUDs for 3D video games using Scaleform GFx , a technology that renders Flash content within non-Flash video games. Scaleform is supported by more than 10 major video game engines including Unreal Engine , UDK , CryEngine and PhyreEngine , and has been used to provide 3D interfaces for more than 150 major video game titles since its launch in 2003.

FILM AND ANIMATION

Main articles: List of Flash animated films and List of Flash animated television series

Adobe Animate is one of the common animation programs for low-cost 2D television and commercial animation, in competition with Anime Studio and Toon Boom Animation .

Notable users of Flash include DHX Media Vancouver for productions including _Pound Puppies _ and _My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic _, Fresh TV for Total Drama , Nelvana for _ 6teen
6teen _ and _ Clone High _, Williams Street for _ Metalocalypse _ and _ Squidbillies _, Nickelodeon Animation Studios for _ Wow! Wow! Wubbzy!
Wow! Wow! Wubbzy! _ _El Tigre: The Adventures of Manny Rivera _, _ Danny Phantom ", and more._

Flash is less commonly used for feature-length animated films; however, 2009's _ The Secret of Kells _, an Irish film, was animated primarily in Adobe Flash, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 82nd Academy Awards .

Several popular online series are currently produced in Flash, such as the Emmy Award -winning _Off-Mikes _, produced by ESPN
ESPN and Animax Entertainment ; _ Happy Tree Friends
Happy Tree Friends _; _ Gotham Girls _, produced by Warner Brothers ; _ Crime Time _, produced by Future Thought Productions and _ Homestar Runner _ produced by Mike and Matt Chapman .

Various third-party software packages designed for traditionally trained cartoonists and animators can publish animations in the SWF format.

HISTORY

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FUTUREWAVE

The precursor to Flash was a product named SmartSketch, published by FutureWave Software . The company was founded by Charlie Jackson , Jonathan Gay , and Michelle Welsh. SmartSketch was a vector drawing application for pen computers running the PenPoint OS . When PenPoint failed in the marketplace, SmartSketch was ported to Microsoft Windows and Mac OS .

As the Internet became more popular, FutureWave realized the potential for a vector-based web animation tool that might challenge Macromedia Shockwave technology. In 1995, FutureWave modified SmartSketch by adding frame-by-frame animation features and released this new product as FutureSplash Animator on Macintosh and PC.

FutureWave approached Adobe Systems with an offer to sell them FutureSplash in 1995, but Adobe turned down the offer at that time. Microsoft wanted to create an "online TV network" (MSN 2.0 ) and adopted FutureSplash animated content as a central part of it. Disney Online used FutureSplash animations for their subscription-based service Disney's Daily Blast. Fox Broadcasting Company launched The Simpsons using FutureSplash.

MACROMEDIA

In November 1996, FutureSplash was acquired by Macromedia, and Macromedia re-branded and released _FutureSplash Animator_ as _ Macromedia Flash 1.0_. Flash was a two-part system, a graphics and animation editor known as Macromedia Flash , and a player known as Macromedia Flash Player .

_FutureSplash Animator_ was an animation tool originally developed for pen-based computing devices, but due to the small size of the _FutureSplash Viewer_, it was particularly suited for download over the Web. Macromedia distributed Flash Player as a free browser plugin in order to quickly gain market share. As of 2005, more computers worldwide had the Flash Player installed than any other Web media format, including Java , QuickTime , RealNetworks and Windows
Windows Media Player .

Macromedia upgraded the Flash system significantly from 1996 to 1999, adding MovieClips, Actions (the precursor to ActionScript ), Alpha transparency, and other features. As Flash matured, Macromedia's focus shifted from marketing it as a graphics and media tool to promoting it as a Web application platform, adding scripting and data access capabilities to the player while attempting to retain its small footprint.

In 2000, the first major version of ActionScript was developed, and released with _Flash 5_. Actionscript 2.0 was released with _Flash MX 2004_ and supported object-oriented programming , improved UI components, and other advanced programming features. The last version of Flash released by Macromedia was _Flash 8_, which focused on graphical upgrades such as filters (blur, drop shadow, etc.), blend modes (similar to Adobe Photoshop ), and advanced features for FLV video .

ADOBE

Macromedia was acquired by Adobe Systems in 2005, and the entire Macromedia product line including Flash, Dreamweaver , Director /Shockwave , Fireworks (discontinued) and Authorware is now handled by Adobe.

In 2007, Adobe released _ Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash CS3 Professional_, the first version released under Adobe, and the ninth major version of Flash. It introduced the ActionScript 3.0 programming language, which supported modern programming practices and enabled business applications to be developed with Flash. Adobe Flex Builder (built on Eclipse ) targeted the enterprise application development market, and was also released the same year. Flex Builder included the Flex SDK, a set of components that included charting, advanced UI, and data services (_Flex Data Services_).

In 2008, Adobe released the historic tenth version of Flash, _Adobe Flash CS4_. Flash 10 improved animation capabilities within the Flash editor , adding a motion editor panel (similar to Adobe After Effects ), inverse kinematics (bones), basic 3D object animation, object-based animation, and other advanced text and graphics features. _Flash Player 10_ included the first in-built 3D engine (without GPU acceleration), that allowed basic object transformations in 3D space (position, rotation, scaling).

Also in 2008, Adobe released the first version of Adobe Integrated Runtime (later re-branded as _Adobe AIR_), a runtime engine that replaced Flash Player, and provided additional capabilities to the ActionScript 3.0 language to build desktop and mobile applications. With AIR, developers could access the file system (files ">:vii Professional game engines like Unreal Engine and Unity also export Flash versions which use Stage3D to render 3D graphics.

FLASH VIDEO

Main article: Flash Video

Virtually all browser plugins for video are free of charge and cross-platform, including Adobe's offering of Flash Video, which was first introduced with Flash version 6. Flash Video has been a popular choice for websites due to the large installed user base and programmability of Flash. In 2010, Apple publicly criticized Adobe Flash, including its implementation of video playback for not taking advantage of hardware acceleration, one reason Flash is not to be found on Apple's mobile devices. Soon after Apple's criticism, Adobe demoed and released a beta version of Flash 10.1, which takes advantage of GPU hardware acceleration even on a Mac. Flash 10.2 beta, released December 2010, adds hardware acceleration for the whole video rendering pipeline.

Flash Player supports two distinct modes of video playback, and hardware accelerated video decoding may not be used for older video content. Such content causes excessive CPU usage compared to comparable content played with other players.

* SOFTWARE RENDERED VIDEO : Flash Player supports software rendered video since version 6. Such video supports vector animations displayed above the video content. This obligation may, depending on graphic APIs exposed by the operating system, prohibit using a video overlay , like a traditional multimedia player would use, with the consequence that color space conversion and scaling must happen in software. * HARDWARE ACCELERATED VIDEO : Flash Player supports hardware accelerated video playback since version 10.2, for H.264 , F4V, and FLV
FLV video formats. Such video is displayed above all Flash content, and takes advantage of video codec chipsets installed on the user's device. Developers must specifically use the "StageVideo" technology within Flash Player in order for hardware decoding to be enabled. Flash Player internally uses technologies such as DirectX Video Acceleration and OpenGL to do so.

In tests done by Ars Technica in 2008 and 2009, Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash Player performed better on Windows
Windows than Mac OS X and Linux
Linux with the same hardware. Performance has later improved for the latter two, on Mac OS X with Flash Player 10.1, and on Linux
Linux with Flash Player 11.

FLASH AUDIO

Flash Audio is most commonly encoded in MP3 or AAC (Advanced Audio Coding ) however it can also use ADPCM , Nellymoser (Nellymoser Asao Codec ) and Speex audio codecs. Flash allows sample rates of 11, 22 and 44.1 kHz. It cannot have 48 kHz audio sample rate, which is the standard TV and DVD sample rate.

On August 20, 2007, Adobe announced on its blog that with Update 3 of Flash Player 9, Flash Video will also implement some parts of the MPEG-4 international standards. Specifically, Flash Player will work with video compressed in H.264 ( MPEG-4 Part 10), audio compressed using AAC ( MPEG-4 Part 3), the F4V, MP4 ( MPEG-4 Part 14), M4V, M4A, 3GP and MOV multimedia container formats , 3GPP
3GPP Timed Text specification ( MPEG-4 Part 17), which is a standardized subtitle format and partial parsing capability for the 'ilst' atom, which is the ID3 equivalent iTunes uses to store metadata . MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.263 will not work in F4V file format. Adobe also announced that it will be gradually moving away from the FLV
FLV format to the standard ISO base media file format ( MPEG-4 Part 12 ) owing to functional limits with the FLV
FLV structure when streaming H.264. The final release of the Flash Player implementing some parts of MPEG-4 standards had become available in Fall 2007.

Adobe Flash Player 10.1 does not have acoustic echo cancellation, unlike the VoIP offerings of Skype and Google Voice, making this and earlier versions of Flash less suitable for group calling or meetings. Flash Player 10.3 Beta incorporates acoustic echo cancellation.

SCRIPTING LANGUAGE

Further information: ActionScript

_ActionScript_ is the programming language used by Flash. It is an enhanced superset of the ECMAScript programming language, with a classical Java-style class model, rather than JavaScript's prototype model.

SPECIFICATIONS

In October 1998, Macromedia disclosed the Flash Version 3 Specification on its website. It did this in response to many new and often semi-open formats competing with SWF, such as Xara's Flare and Sharp's Extended Vector Animation formats. Several developers quickly created a C library for producing SWF. In February 1999, MorphInk 99 was introduced, the first third-party program to create SWF files. Macromedia also hired Middlesoft to create a freely available developers\' kit for the SWF file format versions 3 to 5.

Macromedia made the Flash Files specifications for versions 6 and later available only under a non-disclosure agreement , but they are widely available from various sites.

In April 2006, the Flash SWF file format specification was released with details on the then newest version format (Flash 8). Although still lacking specific information on the incorporated video compression formats (On2, Sorenson Spark, etc.), this new documentation covered all the new features offered in Flash v8 including new ActionScript commands, expressive filter controls, and so on. The file format specification document is offered only to developers who agree to a license agreement that permits them to use the specifications only to develop programs that can export to the Flash file format. The license does not allow the use of the specifications to create programs that can be used for playback of Flash files. The Flash 9 specification was made available under similar restrictions.

In June 2009, Adobe launched the Open Screen Project (Adobe link), which made the SWF specification available without restrictions. Previously, developers could not use the specification for making SWF-compatible players, but only for making SWF-exporting authoring software. The specification still omits information on codecs such as Sorenson Spark , however.

ANIMATION TOOLS

OFFICIAL TOOLS

Main article: Adobe Animate

The Adobe Animate authoring program is primarily used to design graphics and animation and publish the same for websites, web applications, and video games. The program also offers limited support for audio and video embedding, and ActionScript scripting.

Adobe released Adobe LiveMotion , designed to create interactive animation content and export it to a variety of formats, including SWF. LiveMotion failed to gain any notable user base.

In February 2003, Macromedia purchased Presedia, which had developed a Flash authoring tool that automatically converted PowerPoint files into Flash. Macromedia subsequently released the new product as Breeze, which included many new enhancements.

THIRD-PARTY TOOLS

Main article: Comparison of vector graphics editors

Various free and commercial software packages can output animations into the Flash SWF format, suitable for display on the web, including:

* SWiSH Max is an animation editor with preset animation, developed by an ex-employee of Macromedia, that can output Flash animations * Toon Boom is a traditional animation tool that can output Flash animations * Apple Keynote allows users to export presentations to Flash SWF animations * Xara Photo & Graphic Designer can output Flash animations * Ajax Animator aim to create a Flash development environment * KToon can edit vectors and generate SWF, but its interface is very different from Macromedia's * Screencast and Screencam , produces demos or tutorials by capturing the screen and generating a Flash animation of the same * GoAnimate is a software as a service tool to create animated videos. * Anime Studio is a 2D animation software package specialized for character animation, that creates Flash animations * Question Writer publishes its quizzes to Flash animations * OpenOffice Impress * Toufee
Toufee * KoolMoves * Express Animator * CelAction2D * Alligator Flash Designer * Amara Web * Clash * Salasaga * Synfig

The Flash 4 Linux
Linux project was an initiative to develop an open source Linux
Linux application as an alternative to Adobe Animate . Development plans included authoring capacity for 2D animation, and tweening , as well as outputing SWF file formats. F4L evolved into an editor that was capable of authoring 2D animation and publishing of SWF files. Flash 4 Linux
Linux was renamed UIRA. UIRA intended to combine the resources and knowledge of the F4L project and the Qflash project, both of which were Open Source applications that aimed to provide an alternative to the proprietary Adobe Flash.

PROGRAMMING TOOLS

OFFICIAL TOOLS

Adobe provides a series of tools to develop software applications and video games for Flash:

* Apache Flex
Apache Flex SDK – a free, open source SDK to compile Flash-based rich Internet applications from source code. The Apache Flex ActionScript 3.0 compiler generates SWF files from ActionScript 3 files. Flex was the primary ActionScript 3 compiler and was actively developed by Adobe before it was donated to Apache Software Foundation in 2011. * Adobe Animate – primarily used to design graphics and animation, but supports ActionScript scripting and debugging. * Adobe Flash Builder
Adobe Flash Builder – enterprise application development "> * SWFTools (specifically, swfc) is an open-source ActionScript 3.0 compiler which generates SWF files from script files, which includes SVG
SVG tags. * swfmill and MTASC also provide tools to create SWF files by compiling text, ActionScript or XML files into Flash animations
Flash animations * Ming library , to create SWF files programmatically, has interfaces for C , PHP , C++
C++ , Perl , Python , and Ruby . It is able to import and export graphics from XML into SWF.

PLAYERS

PROPRIETARY

Adobe Flash Player is the multimedia and application player originally developed by Macromedia and acquired by Adobe Systems . It plays SWF files, which can be created by Adobe Animate , Apache Flex
Apache Flex , or a number of other Adobe Systems and 3rd party tools. It has support for a scripting language called ActionScript , which can be used to display Flash Video from an SWF file.

Scaleform GFx is a commercial alternative Flash player that features fully hardware-accelerated 2D graphics rendering using the GPU . Scaleform has high conformance with both Flash 10 ActionScript 3 and Flash 8 ActionScript 2. Scaleform GFx is a game development middleware solution that helps create graphical user interfaces or HUDs within 3D video games. It does not work with web browsers.

IrfanView , an image viewer, uses Flash Player to display SWF files.

OPEN SOURCE

Lightspark is a free and open source SWF player that supports most of ActionScript 3.0 and has a Mozilla
Mozilla -compatible plug-in . It will fall back on Gnash , a free SWF player supporting ActionScript 1.0 and 2.0 (AVM1) code. Lightspark supports OpenGL -based rendering for 3D content. The player is also compatible with H.264 Flash videos on YouTube
YouTube .

Gnash aims to create a software player and browser plugin replacement for the Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash Player. Gnash can play SWF files up to version 7, and 80% of ActionScript 2.0. Gnash run on Windows, Linux
Linux and other platforms for the 32-bit, 64-bit, and other operating systems, but development has slowed significantly in recent years.

Shumway was an open source Flash Player released by Mozilla
Mozilla in November 2012. It was built in JavaScript and is thus compatible with modern web-browsers. In early October 2013, Shumway was included by default in the Firefox
Firefox nightly branch. Shumway rendered Flash contents by translating contents inside Flash files to HTML5
HTML5 elements, and running an ActionScript interpreter in JavaScript . It supported both AVM1 and AVM2, and ActionScript versions 1, 2, and 3. Development of Shumway ceased in early 2016.

Adobe Flash Player cannot ship as part of a pure open source , or completely free operating system, as its distribution is bound to the Macromedia Licensing Program and subject to proposition first from Adobe.

AVAILABILITY

DESKTOP COMPUTERS

Flash Player

The latest version of Adobe Flash Player is available for three major desktop platforms, including Windows
Windows , macOS and Linux
Linux . On Linux
Linux the PPAPI plug-in is available; the NPAPI version wasn't updated to new major versions for a while until Adobe changed its mind on stopping support and its former plan to discontinue "in 2017".

Adobe Flash Player is available in four flavors:

* ActiveX-based Plug-in * NPAPI-based Plug-in * PPAPI-based Plug-in * Projector

The _ActiveX_ version is an ActiveX
ActiveX control for use in Internet Explorer and any other Windows
Windows applications that supports ActiveX technology. The _Plug-in_ versions are available for browsers supporting either NPAPI or PPAPI plug-ins on Microsoft Windows , macOS and Linux
Linux . The _projector_ version is a standalone player that can open SWF files directly.

The following table documents Flash Player and Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR support on desktop operating systems :

OPERATING SYSTEM PREREQUISITES USAGE LATEST ADOBE FLASH PLAYER BROWSER SUPPORT

Microsoft Windows Windows
Windows XP (32-bit, AIR only) / Vista (32-bit, AIR only) / 7 / 8.1 / 10 Internet Browser, Standalone Applications Flash Player 25.0, AIR 25.0 Internet Explorer , Edge , Firefox
Firefox , Chrome , Chromium , Opera

macOS OS X 10.9 or newer (Flash Player) / Mac OS X 10.7 or newer (AIR) Internet Browser, Standalone Applications Flash Player 25.0, AIR 25.0 Safari , Firefox
Firefox , Chrome , Chromium , Opera

Linux
Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Linux 5.6 or newer / openSUSE 11.3 or newer / Ubuntu 10.04 or newer Internet Browser Flash Player 25.0.0.127 ( NPAPI ), Flash Player 25.0.0.127 (PPAPI ) Firefox
Firefox ( NPAPI ) / Chrome , Chromium , Opera (PPAPI )

Adobe AIR

The latest version of Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR , version 18, contains Adobe Flash Player 18, and is available for Windows
Windows XP and later, as well as macOS . Official support for desktop Linux
Linux distributions ceased in June 2011 with version 2.6.

PLATFORM INSTALLER FILE SUPPORT APP STORE SUPPORT

Windows
Windows _ .air _, _ .exe _ and _ .msi _ None

macOS _ .air _ and _ .dmg _ With captive runtime

Android _ .apk _ Google Play
Google Play

iOS _ .ipa _ iTunes Store

PlayBook _ .bar _ BlackBerry App World

MOBILE DEVICES

Flash Player

Adobe Flash Player was available for a variety of mobile operating systems, including Android (between versions 2.2 and 4.0.4 ), Pocket PC / Windows
Windows CE , QNX (e.g. on BlackBerry PlayBook ), Symbian
Symbian , Palm OS , and webOS (since version 2.0 ). Flash Player for smart phones was made available to handset manufacturers at the end of 2009.

However, in November 2011, Adobe announced the withdrawal of support for Flash Player on mobile devices. Adobe continues to support deploying Flash-based content as mobile applications via Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR .

Adobe is reaffirming its commitment to "aggressively contribute" to HTML5. Adobe announced the end of Flash for mobile platforms or TV, instead focusing on HTML5
HTML5 for browser content and Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR for the various mobile application stores and described it as "the beginning of the end". BlackBerry LTD (formerly known as RIM) announced that it would continue to develop Flash Player for the PlayBook.

There is no Adobe Flash Player for iOS devices (iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch). However, Flash content can be made to run on iOS devices in a variety of ways:

* Flash content can be bundled inside an Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR app, which will then run on iOS devices. (Apple did not allow this for a while, but they relaxed those restrictions in September 2010. ) * On March 8, 2011, Techradar reported that Adobe provides an experimental server side tool (Wallaby) to convert Flash programs (as far as possible) to HTML5
HTML5 code, thus allowing iOS devices to display the content. * If the content is Flash video being served by Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash Media Server 4.5, the server will translate and send the video as HTTP Dynamic Streaming or HTTP Live Streaming, both of which can be played by iOS devices. * Some specialized mobile browsers manage to accommodate Flash via streaming content from the cloud directly to a user's device. Some examples are Photon Browser and Puffin Web Browser.

The mobile version of Internet Explorer for Windows
Windows Phone cannot play Flash content, however Flash support is still present on the tablet version of Windows
Windows .

Adobe AIR

Main article: Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR

_ This section needs to be UPDATED. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2016)_

Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR was released in 2008, and allows the creation of mobile applications and mobile games using Flash and ActionScript . Notable mobile games built with Flash include _ Angry Birds _, _ Machinarium _ and _ Defend Your Castle _.

Using AIR, developers can access the full Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash functionality, including text , vector graphics , raster graphics , video , audio , camera and microphone capability. Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR also includes additional features such as file system integration, native client extensions, desktop integration and access to connected devices and sensors.

AIR applications can be published as native phone applications on certain mobile operating systems, such as Android ( ARM Cortex-A8 and above ) and Apple iOS .

The following table explains to what extent Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR can run on various mobile operating systems :

OPERATING SYSTEM PREREQUISITES LATEST ADOBE FLASH PLAYER AIR FRAMEWORK

Android Android 2.3+, ARM Cortex-A8 + or Android x86 AIR 3.6.0.597 (uses Flash Player 11.6) Option 1: The AIR player can be embedded as a 'captive' runtime, which increases APK size but makes the application standalone.

Option 2: The runtime is not included with the app, and must installed as a separate app from the app market.

Apple iOS iOS 4.3 or later AIR 3.6.0.597 (uses Flash Player 11.6) Not applicable: each app includes its own 'captive' runtime.

BlackBerry Tablet OS None AIR 3.1 (uses Flash Player 11.1) Already pre-installed on each device.

BlackBerry 10 Blackberry 10.2 and lower (no longer supported from 10.3) AIR 3.5 (uses Flash Player 11.1) Already pre-installed on each device.

PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Adobe Flash Lite is a lightweight version of Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash Player intended for mobile phones and other portable electronic devices like Chumby and iRiver .

On the emerging single-board enthusiast market, as substantially popularized by the Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi , support from Adobe is lacking. However, the open-source player Gnash has been ported and found to be useful.

OPEN SCREEN PROJECT

On May 1, 2008, Adobe announced the _Open Screen Project_, with the intent of providing a consistent application interface across devices such as personal computers, mobile devices , and consumer electronics . When the project was announced, seven goals were outlined: the abolition of licensing fees for Adobe Flash Player and Adobe Integrated Runtime , the removal of restrictions on the use of the Shockwave Flash ( SWF ) and Flash Video (FLV) file formats , the publishing of application programming interfaces for porting Flash to new devices, and the publishing of The Flash Cast protocol and Action Message Format (AMF), which let Flash applications receive information from remote databases.

As of February 2009 , the specifications removing the restrictions on the use of SWF and FLV/F4V specs have been published. The Flash Cast protocol—now known as the Mobile Content Delivery Protocol—and AMF protocols have also been made available, with AMF available as an open source implementation, BlazeDS .

The list of mobile device providers who have joined the project includes Palm , Motorola, and Nokia, who, together with Adobe, have announced a $10 million Open Screen Project fund. As of 2012 , the Open Screen Project is no longer accepting new applications according to partner BSQuare. However paid licensing is still an option for device makers who want to use Adobe software.

MOBILE SUPPORT

Websites built with Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash will not function on most modern mobile devices running Google Android or iOS (iPhone , iPad ). The only alternative is using HTML5
HTML5 and responsive web design to build websites that support both desktop and mobile devices.

However, Flash is still used to build mobile games using Adobe AIR
Adobe AIR . Such games will not work in mobile web browsers, but must be installed via the appropriate app store .

ALTERNATIVES

HTML5

Main article: Comparison of HTML5
HTML5 and Flash

HTML5
HTML5 is often cited as an alternative to Adobe Flash
Adobe Flash technology usage on web pages. Adobe released a tool that converts Flash to HTML5 , and in June 2011, Google released an experimental tool that does the same. In January 2015, YouTube
YouTube defaulted to HTML5
HTML5 players to better support more devices.

CRITICISMS

VENDOR DEPENDENCE

SEE ALSO

* Adobe Creative Cloud * List of 2D animation software * Saffron Type System – the anti-aliased text-rendering engine used in version 8 onwards * SWFObject – a JavaScript library used to embed Flash content into web pages * Microsoft Silverlight * JavaFX * OpenLaszlo * Synfig

FOOTNOTES

* ^ FLV
FLV and F4V F4V is based on ISO base media file format
ISO base media file format standard, available as a free download

REFERENCES

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EXTERNAL LINKS

* Official website * Download Flash Player

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