Administration of Hyderabad
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Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...
, India, the
Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, commonly known as the GHMC is the civic body that oversees Hyderabad, the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It is the local government for the cities of Hyderabad and Secund ...
(GHMC) is in charge of the civic administration and infrastructure of the city. It was formed in April 2007 by merging 100 wards of the erstwhile
Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad The Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, commonly known as the GHMC is the civic body that oversees Hyderabad, the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It is the local government for the cities of Hyderabad and Secund ...
(MCH) with twelve municipalities of neighbouring two districts. GHMC covers an area of , spread over the four districts—
Hyderabad Hyderabad ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana and the ''de jure'' capital of Andhra Pradesh. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part ...
,
Ranga Reddy Ranga Reddy district ( R. R. district) is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. The district headquarters is located at Lakdikapool, Hyderabad. The district was named after the former deputy chief minister of the United Andhra Pradesh, K ...
,
Medchal–Malkajgiri Medchal−Malkajgiri district is a district in the Indian state of Telangana. Shamirpet is the headquarter of the district. It is the second most populous district with a population of 25 lakh and also 91.40% urbanized district in the state of ...
and
Sangareddy Sangareddy, is a city and district headquarters of the Sangareddy district in the Indian state of Telangana. It was named after the ruler Sanga, who was the son of Rani Shankaramba, a ruler of Medak district, Medak during the period of Nizams. ...
. The GHMC is divided into five zones and eighteen circles that contain 150 municipal wards. Each ward is headed by a corporator, elected by popular vote. The corporators elect The City Mayor who is the
titular head A titular ruler, or titular head, is a person in an official position of leadership who possesses few, if any, actual powers. Sometimes a person may inhabit a position of titular leadership and yet exercise more power than would normally be expecte ...
of GHMC. The executive powers of the GHMC lie with the Municipal Commissioner appointed by the Government of Telangana. The State Election Commission (SEC) monitors the
municipal elections In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". Their form and conduct vary ...
that are held in the city once in every five years. The first election of the GHMC were held in December 2009. The
Indian National Congress The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Em ...
alliance with Majlis Ittehadul Muslimeen formed the majority, with the agreement of sharing the mayor post equally between the two parties. The
Secunderabad Cantonment Board Secunderabad Cantonment Board is the civic administrative agency of Secunderabad cantonment area. Geographically, it lies in the twin cities of Hyderabad-Secunderabad. Secunderabad Cantonment Board is India’s second largest cantonment board, af ...
(SCB) an area of , is a jurisdiction which contains some suburbs of Hyderabad and Secunderabad. The SCB area houses multiple camps of the
Indian Army The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Army, and its professional head is the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), who is a four- ...
and
Indian Air Force The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its complement of personnel and aircraft assets ranks third amongst the air forces of the world. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial w ...
, the civic administration and infrastructure of this area is overseen by SCB rather than GHMC. The chief executive officer (a civilian) appointed by the Indian Defense Ministry possesses the executive powers while the board president is an Indian army commander of the
Brigadier Brigadier is a military rank, the seniority of which depends on the country. In some countries, it is a senior rank above colonel, equivalent to a brigadier general or commodore, typically commanding a brigade of several thousand soldiers. In ...
grade, stationed in Secunderabad. The
Osmania University Osmania University is a collegiate public state university located in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Mir Osman Ali Khan, the 7th Nizam of Hyderabad in 1918 , He released a farman to establish OSMANIA UNIVERSITY on the day of 28 August 1918. It ...
a part of modern Hyderabad is an area of administered independently by its management. The
Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) is the urban planning agency of Hyderabad in the Indian state of Telangana. The HMDA administers the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region, spread over an area of and covers the districts of Hyde ...
(HMDA) was formed in 2008 as an umbrella authority by merging multiple local development bodies. The jurisdiction of HMDA extends to 54 ''
mandals A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administr ...
'' located in five districts with a total area of . It manages the development activities of the area including the administration of the
Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB) was established on 1 November 1989, in Hyderabad, India. It looks for the supply of water to the household and sewerage Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that co ...
(HMWSSB), the Telangana Transmission Corporation, and the
Telangana State Road Transport Corporation Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (abbreviated as TSRTC) is a state-owned corporation that runs bus transport services to and from the Indian state of Telangana. It was formed in 2014 by splitting the Andhra Pradesh State Road Trans ...
(TSRTC). The
Hyderabad City Police Hyderabad City Police is the local law enforcement agency for the city of Hyderabad, Telangana and is headed by the Commissioner of Police. The city police traces its origins to 1847 under Hyderabad State. History 1847–1948 The Nizam of Hyde ...
, established in 1847, is the law and order enforcement agency. Hyderabad Police Commissionerate jurisdiction is divided into five police zones, each headed by a Deputy Commissioner. The Hyderabad Traffic Police is headed by a Deputy Commissioner who is answerable to the Hyderabad City Police Commissioner. The area under the jurisdiction of Hyderabad City Police is smaller than the GHMC area, thus the suburbs of the city falls under the jurisdiction of Cyberabad Police Commissionerate. As of 2012, The "Greater Hyderabad Police Commissionerate" is a proposed plan of Telangana Government which would be formed by merging Hyderabad Police Commissionerate and Cyberabad Police Commissionerate. There will be four zones, each headed by Police commissioner, who will be reporting to the
chief Commissioner A chief commissioner is a commissioner of a high rank, usually in chief of several commissioners or similarly styled officers. Colonial In British India the gubernatorial style was chief commissioner in various (not all) provinces (often after be ...
. Hyderabad houses the offices of the local governing bodies, along with the Telangana Legislature Assembly, the
Telangana Secretariat Telangana Secretariat situated at Hyderabad, is the administrative office of the employees of the Government of Telangana in India. The Telangana government on 15 September 2022 has decided to name the new Secretariat complex as Dr. B. R. Ambed ...
, the
Hyderabad High Court The Telangana High Court is the High Court for the Indian state of Telangana. Founded by the 7th Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan, initially, it was set up as High Court of Hyderabad for the then Princely State of Hyderabad Deccan and later renamed ...
. Under the jurisdiction of High Court comes the lower city civil court and the Metropolitan Criminal Court. Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation area contains 24 state Legislative Assembly constituencies which come under five ''
Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha, constitutionally the House of the People, is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament, with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past ...
'' (the
lower house A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has co ...
of the
Parliament of India The Parliament of India (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: ) is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India. It is a bicameralism, bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses: the R ...
) constituencies.


Utility services

Electricity, water and sewerage services to general public were first commissioned in 1925, with the establishment of ''The City Endowment Board''.
Rainwater harvesting Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern, deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir w ...
, water and sewerage services are regulated by the
Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Board (HMWSSB) was established on 1 November 1989, in Hyderabad, India. It looks for the supply of water to the household and sewerage Sewerage (or sewage system) is the infrastructure that co ...
(HMWSSB). The HMWSSB sources water supply from multiple dams located in the suburbs of the city. To meet the growing consumption requirement and to provide regular water supply in the city, in 2005 the HMWSSB started operating -long water supply piple-line from
Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is a masonry dam across the Krishna River at Nagarjuna Sagar which straddles the border between Nalgonda district in Telangana and Palnadu district in Andhra Pradesh. The dam provides irrigation water to the Nalgonda, Surya ...
. The HMWSSB operates a service named "Dial-a-Tanker" to provide water in emergencies to the residents of the city. A registered customer can obtain the water tanker with the payment of minimal charges. The rapid economical growth leading to the rise in the city's population and consequent increased demand of water has further jeopardised the water shortage of the city which receives scanty rainfall. The region's
groundwater Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. About 30 percent of all readily available freshwater in the world is groundwater. A unit of rock or an unconsolidate ...
levels are shrinking, and dams are facing water shortages. Inadequately treated effluents from industrial treatment plants are polluting the drinking water sources of the city. The electricity is regulated through Telangana Central Power Distribution Company. Fire services are provided by the Andhra Pradesh Fire Services department, headed by a director general. The institution was established by the Telangana Fire Services act of 1999. As of March 2012, there are 13 fire stations in Hyderabad and the annual budget for the service was . The
Indian Postal Service India Post is a government-operated postal system in India, part of the Department of Post under the Ministry of Communications. Generally known as the Post Office, it is the most widely distributed postal system in the world. Warren Hastings ha ...
is the major service provider in the city with five head post offices and multiple sub-post offices; many private courier services also operate in the city. In 1999, the AP state government launched ''e-Seva'' (electronic service) services for multiple utility agency's bill payment from one platform. The ''e-Seva'' is integrated with the departments of
central Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
and
state State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * ''State Magazine'', a monthly magazine published by the U.S. Department of State * ''The State'' (newspaper), a daily newspaper in Columbia, South Carolina, United States * ''Our S ...
governments.


Environment

The city produces around 4,500 
metric tonnes The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000  kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton ( United State ...
of
solid waste Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, ...
everyday, which is transported from three collection units located in
Imlibun The Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station (MGBS), also known as the Imlibun Bus Station (Imlibun means "grove of tamarind trees"), is a bus station on the Musi River in the Imlibun area of southern Hyderabad, India. It is owned by the Telangana State Roa ...
,
Yousufguda Yousufguda ( te, యూసఫ్ గూడ) is a neighbourhood in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is a major residential suburb. Due to its proximity to the IT hub near Madhapur, it has become a more affordable alternative to other areas in the ...
and Lower Tank Bund to the garbage dumping site of Jawaharnagar. The "Integrated Solid Waste Management" project was started in 2010 by GHMC to manage the waste disposal in the city. The project started with a sum of 4.34 billion, funded by the state government. The Telangana Pollution Control Board (TSPCB) is a regulatory and screening authority of pollution in Hyderabad. The rapid rate of urbanisation with increased economic activities had encouraged migration and industries in Hyderabad, these changes led to an increase of air pollution,
industrial waste Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing process such as that of factories, mills, and mining operations. Types of industrial waste include dirt and ...
,
sound pollution Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of them are harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mai ...
and
water pollution Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, so that it negatively affects its uses. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water ...
. The city is among the 16 most polluted cities of India, transportation vehicles are the main source of air pollution in the city. Every year there are around 1 million vehicles registrations in the city that increase air and sound pollution. The estimated deaths from
particulate matter Particulates – also known as atmospheric aerosol particles, atmospheric particulate matter, particulate matter (PM) or suspended particulate matter (SPM) – are microscopic particles of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air. The ter ...
are about 1700–3000 persons every year in Hyderabad. As of 2006, the air pollution statistics are 20–50% from vehicle, 40–70% combining vehicle discharge with
road dust Dust is made of fine particles of solid matter. On Earth, it generally consists of particles in the atmosphere that come from various sources such as soil lifted by wind (an aeolian process), volcanic eruptions, and pollution. Dust in homes ...
, 10–30% from industrial discharges and 3–10% from household garbage burning. Hyderabad houses 140 large and small lakes in and around the city and As of 1996, there are 834 water tanks of below the size of 10 hectare. The ground water in Hyderabad has total
water hardness Hard water is water that has high mineral content (in contrast with "soft water"). Hard water is formed when water percolates through deposits of limestone, chalk or gypsum, which are largely made up of calcium and magnesium carbonates, bicarbo ...
up to 1000 ppm. APPCB and local authorities have designed and implemented multiple actions to control pollution in the city.


References

{{Portalbar, Hyderabad Government of Hyderabad, India