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The Adelgidae are a small family of the Hemiptera closely related to the
Facts on File
, 1993, Adelgids only lay eggs, and never give birth to live nymphs as aphids do. Adelgids are covered with dense woolly wax. A complete adelgid life cycle lasts two years. Adelgid nymphs are known as sistentes, and the overwintering sistentes are called neosistens. Rain can kill adelgids by dislodging eggs and sistentes from trees.''The Balsam Woolly Aphid Problem in Oregon and Washington''
Norman E. Johnson and Kenneth H. Wright, Research paper No. 18,
aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea. Common names include greenfly and blackfly, although individuals within a species can vary widely in color. The group includes the fluffy white woolly aphids. A t ...
s, and often included in the Aphidoidea with the Phylloxeridae
Phylloxeridae is a small family of plant-parasitic hemipterans closely related to aphids with only 75 described species. This group comprises two subfamilies (Phylloxerininae and Phylloxerinae) and 11 genera with one that is fossil. The genu ...
or placed within the superfamily Phylloxeroidea as a sister of the Aphidoidea within the infraorder Aphidomorpha
Aphidomorpha is an infraorder within the insect order Sternorrhyncha which includes the aphids and their allies in the superfamilies Adelgoidea, Phylloxeroidea
The PhylloxeroideaHerrich-Schaeffer (1854) In Koch. ''Vorwort des Herausgebers. Die ...
. The family is composed of species associated with pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus ''Pinus'' () of the family Pinaceae. ''Pinus'' is the sole genus in the subfamily Pinoideae. The World Flora Online created by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden accepts ...
, spruce, or other conifers, known respectively as "pine aphids" or "spruce aphids". This family includes the former family Chermesidae, or "Chermidae", the name of which was declared invalid by the ICZN in 1955. There is still considerable debate as to the number of genera within the family, and the classification is still unstable and inconsistent among competing authors.
There are about fifty species of adelgids known. All of them are native to the northern hemisphere, although some have been introduced to the southern hemisphere as invasive species. Unlike aphids, the adelgids have no tail-like cauda and no cornicle
The cornicle (or siphuncule) is one of a pair of small upright backward-pointing tubes found on the dorsal side of the 5th or 6th abdominal segments of aphids. They are sometimes mistaken for cerci. They are no more than pores in some species.
...
s.''Bugs of the World'', George C. McGumoFacts on File
, 1993, Adelgids only lay eggs, and never give birth to live nymphs as aphids do. Adelgids are covered with dense woolly wax. A complete adelgid life cycle lasts two years. Adelgid nymphs are known as sistentes, and the overwintering sistentes are called neosistens. Rain can kill adelgids by dislodging eggs and sistentes from trees.
Norman E. Johnson and Kenneth H. Wright, Research paper No. 18,
United States Forest Service
The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands. The Forest Service manages of land. Major divisions of the agency in ...
, United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the federal executive department responsible for developing and executing federal laws related to farming, forestry, rural economic development, and food. It aims to meet the needs of com ...
, April, 1957
Genera
* '' Adelges'' Vallot, 1836 * '' Aphrastasia'' Börner, 1909 * '' Cholodkovskya'' Börner, 1909 * ''Dreyfusia
''Dreyfusia'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Adelgidae
The Adelgidae are a small family of the Hemiptera closely related to the aphids, and often included in the Aphidoidea with the Phylloxeridae or placed within the superfam ...
'' Börner, 1908
* '' Eopineus'' Steffan, 1968
* '' Gilletteella'' Börner, 1930
* ''Pineus
Pinnes ( grc-gre, Πίννης; also Pinnius; c. 230 – 217 BC) was the son of Agron, king of the Ardiaei in Illyria, and Agron's first wife Triteuta. He officially succeeded his father as king in 230 BC, but the Ardiaean kingdom was ruled by ...
'' Shimer, 1869
* ''Sacchiphantes
''Sacchiphantes'' is a genus of true bugs belonging to the family Adelgidae
The Adelgidae are a small family of the Hemiptera closely related to the aphids, and often included in the Aphidoidea with the Phylloxeridae or placed within the supe ...
'' Curtis, 1844
See also
*Balsam woolly adelgid
Balsam woolly adelgids (''Adelges piceae'') are small wingless insects that infest and kill firs, especially balsam fir and Fraser fir. They are an invasive species from Europe introduced to the United States around 1900.
Because this species ...
*Gall adelgid
The gall adelgid (''Adelges cooleyi'') is an adelgid species that produces galls in spruce trees. They infect the new buds of native spruce trees in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in the spring. They also attack blue spruce to a lesser d ...
*Hemlock woolly adelgid
The hemlock woolly adelgid (; ''Adelges tsugae''), or HWA, is an insect of the order Hemiptera (true bugs) native to East Asia. It feeds by sucking sap from hemlock and spruce trees (''Tsuga'' spp.; ''Picea'' spp.). In its native range, HWA ...
*Pineapple gall adelgid
The Pineapple gall adelgid (''Adelges abietis'') is a type of conifer-feeding insect that forms pineapple-shaped plant galls on its host species, commonly Norway and Sitka spruce. The adelgids (genus ''Adelges'') are pear-shaped, soft-bodied gre ...
References
External links
* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q2562960 Insect pests of temperate forests Hemiptera families Taxa named by Henri Schouteden