Action of 4 May 1917
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The action of 4 May 1917 was a naval and air engagement of the
First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
in the
North Sea The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Norway, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. An epeiric sea on the European continental shelf, it connects to the Atlantic Ocean through the English Channel in the south and the Norwegian S ...
. The action took place between the German
Zeppelin A Zeppelin is a type of rigid airship named after the German inventor Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin () who pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. Zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874Eckener 1938, pp ...
LZ 92 (tactical name: ''L.43''), several German submarines and a naval force led by the Australian light cruiser . The action was inconclusive with no casualties on either side, concluding when the Zeppelin had dropped all of its bombs and the cruisers had expended all of their anti-aircraft ammunition.


Action

''Sydney'' was serving in British waters when on 4 May 1917, while part of an anti-submarine patrol from
Rosyth Rosyth ( gd, Ros Fhìobh, "headland of Fife") is a town on the Firth of Forth, south of the centre of Dunfermline. According to the census of 2011, the town has a population of 13,440. The new town was founded as a Garden city-style suburb ...
, Scotland, the ship took part in a battle with a German Zeppelin, ''L.43'', commanded by Kapitänleutnant Hermann Kraushaar. In concert with another cruiser, ''Dublin'' and four destroyers, ''Obdurate'', ''Nepean'', ''Pelican'' and ''Pylades''. ''Sydney'', under the command of Commander John Dumaresq who was the second-in-command of the 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron, had been patrolling between the Firth of Forth and River Humber, when lookouts spotted a vessel on the surface to the east of the British flotilla and ''Obdurate'' was detailed to investigate at around 10:00 am. About twenty-five minutes later, the Zeppelin was located by ''Dublin'' about to the east, ''Sydney'' and ''Dublin'' turned towards the contact and fired at maximum range. ''Obdurate'' continued to investigate the surface contact and subsequently located two German submarines. Coming under attack from one of these submarines, the destroyer dropped depth charges before turning away to attack the Zeppelin. As the destroyer closed on it, though, the Zeppelin turned away to the south-east. Within the space of the next half an hour, ''Dublin'' was unsuccessfully attacked by the German submarines at least three times with torpedoes, leading Dumaresq to conclude that the Germans were attempting to spring a trap on the British vessels. He subsequently ordered ''Obdurate'' to complete its investigation of the suspect vessel, which was subsequently determined to be a Dutch fishing vessel. Dumaresq then attempted to draw the aircraft into following the British force by ordering his ships to turn away back onto their original course. As the airship approached again, ''Dublin'' and ''Sydney'' turned about to attack. In response, the Zeppelin's commander began a high-level bombing run on ''Dublin'', but fast manoeuvres from the cruisers frustrated these efforts and the Zeppelin's attention turned instead to ''Obdurate'', dropping three bombs which achieved near misses. This was followed by a further attack on ''Sydney'', with between ten and twelve bombs being dropped but missing due to the cruiser's wild evasive manoeuvres. ''Sydney'' returned fire with her
anti-aircraft guns Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...
but the aircraft proved to be flying too high to be successfully engaged. A further Zeppelin moved towards the battle at around 1:00 pm, having been contacted by L.43 for assistance but it loitered to the north-east and did not close in to attack. The engagement ended when both sides exhausted their ammunition around 2:30 pm. The Zeppelin was forced to remain high to stay out of range of the flak, this meant that the bombs were dropped from too great of height to strike the Allied patrol. There was no damage or casualties. After the action, the Zeppelins departed the area and the British vessels completed their patrol before returning to Rosyth. The action was commemorated in the early 1930s, in an oil painting by Australian war artist Charles Bryant. It was the first time that a Royal Australian Navy vessel had been attacked by an enemy aircraft and was one of the actions that resulted in ''Sydney'' being awarded the "North Sea 1916–18"
battle honour A battle honour is an award of a right by a government or sovereign to a military unit to emblazon the name of a battle or operation on its flags ("colours"), uniforms or other accessories where ornamentation is possible. In European military t ...
.


References

Citations Bibliography * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Action of 1917 05 04 Conflicts in 1917 1917 in the United Kingdom Naval battles of World War I involving Australia Naval battles of World War I involving Germany North Sea operations of World War I Aerial operations and battles of World War I Battles and conflicts without fatalities May 1917 events