Alpha-actinin-1 is a

protein Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...

that in humans is encoded by the ''ACTN1''

gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...

Function

Alpha actinins belong to the

spectrin Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. Spectrin forms pentagonal or hexagonal arrangements, forming a scaffold and playing an important role in maintenance of plasma membr ...

gene superfamily which represents a diverse group of cytoskeletal proteins, including the alpha and beta spectrins and

dystrophin Dystrophin is a rod-shaped cytoplasmic protein, and a vital part of a protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the surrounding extracellular matrix through the cell membrane. This complex is variously known as the cost ...

s. Alpha-actinin-1 is an

F-actin Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments in the cytoskeleton, and the thin filaments in muscle fibrils. It is found in essentially all eukaryotic cells, where it may be present at a concentration of ov ...

cross-linking protein – a bundling protein that is thought to anchor actin to a number of intracellular structures. Alpha-actinin-1 is a non-muscle cytoskeletal isoform found along

microfilament Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton. They are primarily composed of polymers of actin, but are modified by and interact with numerous other pr ...

bundles and adherens-type junctions, where it is involved in binding actin to the membrane. In contrast, skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle isoforms are localized to the

Z-disc A sarcomere (Greek σάρξ ''sarx'' "flesh", μέρος ''meros'' "part") is the smallest functional unit of striated muscle tissue. It is the repeating unit between two Z-lines. Skeletal muscles are composed of tubular muscle cells (called muscl ...

and analogous dense bodies, where they help anchor the myofibrillar actin filaments.

Interactions

Alpha-actinin-1 has been shown to

interact Advocates for Informed Choice, doing business as, dba interACT or interACT Advocates for Intersex Youth, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization using innovative strategies to advocate for the legal and human rights of children with intersex trai ...

with: *

CDK5R1 Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDK5R1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene (p35) is a neuron-specific activator of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5); the activation of CDK5 is ...

, *

CDK5R2 Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CDK5R2'' gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific activator of CDK5 kinase. It associates with CDK5 to form an active kinase. This protein an ...

, * Collagen, type XVII, alpha 1, *

GIPC1 GIPC PDZ domain containing family, member 1 (GIPC1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''GIPC1'' gene. GIPC was originally identified as it binds specifically to the C terminus of RGS-GAIP, a protein involved in the regulation of G prot ...

, *

PDLIM1 PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''PDLIM1'' gene. Interactions PDLIM1 has been shown to interact with: * Actinin alpha 4, * Actinin, alpha 1, * Estrogen receptor alpha Estrogen receptor alpha (ER� ...

, *

Protein kinase N1 Serine/threonine-protein kinase N1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PKN1'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the protein kinase C superfamily. This kinase is activated by Rho family of small G proteins a ...

, *

SSX2IP Afadin- and alpha-actinin-binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SSX2IP'' gene. It has been shown that it functions together with WDR8 in centrosome maturation, ensuring proper spindle length and orientation. The SSX2IP- ...

, and *

Zyxin Zyxin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''ZYX'' gene. Function Focal adhesions are actin-rich structures that enable cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix and at which protein complexes involved in signal transduction assembl ...

. *

PTPRT Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PTPRT'' gene. PTPRT is also known as PTPrho, PTPρ and human accelerated region 9. The human accelerated regions are 49 regions of the human genome that ...

(PTPrho)

References

External links

Actinin, alpha 1
Info with links in th
Cell Migration Gateway
* {{Cytoskeletal Proteins EF-hand-containing proteins

Function

Interactions

See also

References

Further reading

External links