''Achyranthes japonica'', commonly known as Oriental chaff flower or Japanese chaff flower, is a perennial member of the genus ''

Achyranthes ''Achyranthes'' is a genus of medicinal and ornamental plants in the amaranth family, Amaranthaceae. Chaff flower is a common name for plants in this genus. Species include: * '' Achyranthes ancistrophora'' C.C.Towns. * '' Achyranthes arboresce ...

'' in the family

Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants commonly known as the amaranth family, in reference to its type genus ''Amaranthus''. It includes the former goosefoot family Chenopodiaceae and contains about 165 genera and 2,040 species, making i ...

. It can be discovered on the roadside and its main distribution is in Korea and Japan.

Ecology

''A. japonica'' is a

perennial plant A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

growing to tall with thickened roots. Stems are glabrous or slightly pubescent and shape quadrangular and branched. Its nodes are dilated. The leaves opposite and shape elliptic or oval and slightly pubescent and have petiolate. The leaves are long and wide. Flowers bloom from August to September and inflorescence spikes in axils and at terminals of the stem. From there, tiny green flowers bloom. It has five stamens and a pistil in each flower and unites into one at the bottom. Tiny bracts, branch shaped, easily stick to cloth. Suitable soils for growth include light (

sand Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class ...

y) and medium (

loam Loam (in geology and soil science) is soil composed mostly of sand ( particle size > ), silt (particle size > ), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size < ). By weight, its mineral composition is about 40–40–20% concentration of sand–si ...

y) soils. Suitable pH ranges from acidic to neutral soils. It grows in woody areas in lowlands and hills.

Chemical compounds

The leaves and stems and roots contain several chemical constituents. The seed contain

insect Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body ( head, thorax and abdomen), three pa ...

moulting In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is the manner in which an animal routinely casts off a part of its body (often, but not always, an outer ...

hormone A hormone (from the Greek participle , "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior. Hormones are required ...

s including rubrosterone, ecdysterone, and inokosterone. The root contains

triterpenoid Triterpenes are a class of chemical compounds composed of three terpene units with the molecular formula C30H48; they may also be thought of as consisting of six isoprene units. Animals, plants and fungi all produce triterpenes, including squal ...

s and

saponin Saponins (Latin "sapon", soap + "-in", one of), also selectively referred to as triterpene glycosides, are bitter-tasting usually toxic plant-derived organic chemicals that have a foamy quality when agitated in water. They are widely distributed ...

s In addition, it contains

protocatechuic acid Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in '' in vitro'' and '' in vivo'' studies. Bio ...

Traditional medicine

The root of the plant is used in the traditional medicine of

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic ...

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q17069982 japonica Edible plants Medicinal plants of Asia