The Acanthodrilidae are an ancient and widely distributed family of

earthworm An earthworm is a terrestrial invertebrate that belongs to the phylum Annelida. They exhibit a tube-within-a-tube body plan; they are externally segmented with corresponding internal segmentation; and they usually have setae on all segments. T ...

s which has native representatives in Australia,

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island count ...

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the Southern Africa, southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the sout ...

, and North America. No native species are known from

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

(cf.

Octochaetidae Octochaetidae is a family of annelids The annelids (Annelida , from Latin ', "little ring"), also known as the segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches. The species exi ...

) nor

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an are ...

. The family possibly shows a pre-

Pangaea Pangaea or Pangea () was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras. It assembled from the earlier continental units of Gondwana, Euramerica and Siberia during the Carboniferous approximately 335 million y ...

n distribution. Membership requires an 'acanthodriline' arrangement of male pores and holoic nephridia.

Genera

* '' Acanthodrilus'' Perrier, 1872 * '' Afrogaster'' Csuzdi, 2010 * '' Agastrodrilus'' Omodeo & Vaillaud, 1967 * '' Bahlia'' Gates, 1945 * '' Balanteodrilus'' Pickford, 1938 * '' Barogaster'' Gates, 1940 * '' Benhamia'' Michaelsen, 1889 * '' Benhamiona'' Csuzdi & Zicsi, 1994 * '' Borgesia'' James, 1991 * '' Calebiella'' Gates, 1945 * '' Celeriella'' Gates, 1958 * '' Chacdrilus'' Fragoso & Rojas, 2009 * '' Chaetocotoides'' Julka, 1988 * '' Chilota'' Michaelsen, 1899 * '' Cubadrilus'' Rodriguez & Fragoso, 2002 * '' Dashiella'' Julka, 1988 * '' Decachaetus'' Lee, 1959 * '' Deinodrilus'' Beddard, 1888 * '' Dichogaster'' Beddard, 1888 * '' Dinodriloides'' Benham, 1904 * '' Diplocardia'' Garman, 1888 * '' Diplotrema'' Spencer, 1900 * '' Drilocheira'' Fender and McKey-Fender, 1990 * '' Dudichiodrilus'' Csuzdi, 1995 * '' Eodriloides'' Zicsi, 1998 * '' Eodrilus'' Michaelsen, 1907 * '' Eudichogaster'' Michaelsen, 1902 * '' Eudinodriloides'' Lee, 1959 * '' Eutrigaster'' Cognetti, 1904 * '' Eutyphoeus'' Michaelsen, 1900 * '' Exxus'' Gates, 1959 * '' Guineoscolex'' Csuzdi & Zicsi, 1994 * '' Herbettodrilus'' Julka, Blanchart & Chapuis-Lardy, 2004 * '' Hoplochaetella'' Michaelsen, 1900 * '' Hoplochaetina'' Michaelsen, 1926 * '' Kanchuria'' Julka, 1988 * '' Karmiella'' Julka, 1983 * '' Kaxdrilus'' Fragoso & Rojas, 1994 * '' Kayarmacia'' Jamieson, 1997 * '' Konkadrilus'' Julka, 1988 * '' Kotegeharia'' Julka, 1988 * '' Larsonidrilus'' James, 1993 * '' Lavellodrilus'' Fragoso, 1988 * '' Lennogaster'' Gates, 1939 * '' Leucodrilus'' Lee, 1952 * '' Loksaia'' Csuzdi, 1996 * '' Mallehulla'' Julka, 1982 * '' Maoridrilus'' Michaelsen, 1899 * '' Mayadrilus'' Fragoso & Rojas, 1994 * '' Microscolex'' Rosa, 1887 * '' Millsonia'' Beddard, 1894 * '' Monothecodrilus'' Csuzdi & Zicsi, 1994 * '' Nellogaster'' Gates, 1938 * '' Neochaeta'' Lee, 1959 * '' Neodiplotrema'' Dyne, 1997 * '' Neodrilus'' Beddard, 1887 * '' Neogaster'' Cernosvitov, 1934 * '' Neotrigaster'' James, 1991 * '' Notiodrilus'' Michaelsen, 1899 * '' Octochaetoides'' Michaelsen, 1926 * '' Octochaetona'' Gates, 1962 * ''

Octochaetus ''Octochaetus'' is a genus of earthworms of family Octochaetidae native to Australia, New Zealand, and Malaysia. Classification Cladogram from Catalogue of Life The Catalogue of Life is an online database that provides an index of known s ...

'' Beddard, 1893 * '' Octonochaeta'' Julka, 1988 * '' Omodeona'' Sims, 1967 * '' Omodeoscolex'' Csuzdi, 1993 * '' Parachilota'' Pickford, 1937 * '' Pellogaster'' Gates, 1939 * '' Perieodrilus'' Michaelsen, 1910 * '' Pickfordia'' Omodeo, 1958 * '' Pickfordiella'' Csuzdi, 2010 * '' Plagiochaeta'' Benham, 1892 * '' Priodochaeta'' Gates, 1940 * '' Priodoscolex'' Gates, 1940 * '' Protozapotecia'' James, 1993 * '' Ramiella'' Stephenson, 1921 * '' Ramiellona'' Michaelsen, 1935 * '' Reginaldia'' Csuzdi, 2006 * '' Rhododrilus'' Beddard, 1889 * '' Rillogaster'' Gates, 1939 * '' Scolioscolides'' Gates, 1937 * '' Senapatiella'' Julka, Blanchart & Chapuis-Lardy, 2004 * '' Shimodrilus'' Julka, Blanchart & Chapuis-Lardy, 2004 * '' Sylvodrilus'' Lee, 1959 * '' Travoscolides'' Gates, 1940 * '' Trigaster'' Benham, 1886 * '' Udeina'' Michaelsen, 1910 * '' Wahoscolex'' Julka, 1988 * '' Wegeneriella'' Michaelsen, 1933 * '' Wegeneriona'' Cernosvitov, 1939 * '' Yagansia'' Michaelsen, 1899 * '' Zapatadrilus'' James, 1991 * '' Zapotecia'' Eisen, 1900

Sources

* Blakemore, R.J. (2005). Whither Octochaetidae? – its family status reviewed. In: ''Advances in Earthworm Taxonomy II''. Eds. A.A. & V.V. Pop. Proceedings IOTM2, Cluj University Press. Romania. pp. 63–84. https://web.archive.org/web/20071210202216/http://www.oligochaeta.org/ITOM2/IOTM2.htm; https://web.archive.org/web/20110722081605/http://bio-eco.eis.ynu.ac.jp/eng/database/earthworm/Octochaetidae5.doc . * Blakemore, R.J. (2006). Revised Key to Earthworm Families (Ch. 9). In: ''A Series of Searchable Texts on Earthworm Biodiversity, Ecology and Systematics from Various Regions of the World'' – 3rd Edition (2008). Ed.: R.J. Blakemore. VermEcology, Yokohama, Japan. ICZN validated CD-ROM Publication. Website: http://www.annelida.net/earthworm/. * Michaelsen, W. (1900). ''Das Tierreich 10: Vermes, Oligochaeta''. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin. Pp. xxix+575, figs. 1-13. Online here: https://archive.org/details/oligochaeta10mich. * Stephenson, J. (1930). ''The Oligochaeta''. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Pp. 978. *Blakemore, R.J. (2013). The major megadrile families of the World reviewed again on their taxonomic types (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest: 44(2): 107–127

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3701724 Haplotaxida