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The Ogaden ( so, Ogaadeen, ar, أوغادين) is one of the major Somali clans.


Overview

Members of the Ogaden clan primarily live in the central
Ogaden Ogaden (pronounced and often spelled ''Ogadēn''; so, Ogaadeen, am, ውጋዴ/ውጋዴን) is one of the historical names given to the modern Somali Region, the territory comprising the eastern portion of Ethiopia formerly part of the Harargh ...
plateau of Ethiopia ( Somali Region), the North Eastern Province of Kenya, and the
Jubaland Jubaland ( so, Jubbaland, ar, , it, Oltregiuba), the Juba Valley ( so, Dooxada Jubba) or Azania ( so, Asaaniya, ar, ), is a Federal Member State in southern Somalia. Its eastern border lies east of the Jubba River, stretching from Gedo t ...
region of Southern Somalia. According to Human Rights Watch in 2008, the Ogaden is the largest Darod clan in Ethiopia's Somali Region, and may account for 40 to 50 percent of the Somali population in Ethiopia. The Ogaden clan "constitutes the backbone of the ONLF". In particular, the ONLF operates in Ogaden areas


History


Pre-colonial era

The Ogaden were the principle force behind a series of Somali expansions that led to expulsion of the
Wardey Wardey are a Somali Dir clan found in southern Somalia (Lower Jubba) and eastern Kenya, mostly along the Tana River. The Wardey Ali are a pastoralist community. Mostly they live in Tana River County alongside Orma communities. The tribe has ...
clan from west of the Jubba river and displacing Borana in parts of the North Eastern Province in the 19th century.
Frank Linsly James Frank Linsly James FRGS (21 April 1851 – 21 April 1890) was an English explorer. He was the son of American parents: Liverpool-based merchant Daniel James and Sophia Hall (Hitchcock) James. He was born and raised in Liverpool; the 1861 censu ...
, one of the first Europeans to travel deep into Ogaden territory while being accompanied by Lord Philips and armed with Martini-Enfield rifles, describes his first encounter with Ogadens in 1884.
After marching for six hours, we were joined by two Ogadayn natives, who said they would show us the wells, which were close at hand. They pointed to our guns and asked their use. When we said, "for killing men and beasts," they laughed, and replied " they would be no use against sticks, let alone swords and spears." A
Hornbill Hornbills (Bucerotidae) are a family (biology), family of bird found in tropical and subtropical Africa, Asia and Melanesia. They are characterized by a long, down-curved bill which is frequently brightly coloured and sometimes has a Casque (an ...
was sitting on a tree listening to this conversation, and echoed the natives' laugh with an assenting croak of scorn. Lord Phillips raised his despised firearm, and down fell the lifeless hornbill. Down, too, fell the Ogadayn natives, and remained for some time with their faces pressed against the ground, invoking the protection of the great Allah.


Huwan era

The Huwan era constitutes the period of the Scramble for Africa when the Ogaden area also known as ''kilinka shanaad'' or ''Somali Galbeed'' was commonly known as ''the Huwan''. The easternmost parts of the Huwan had negligible to no influence by emperor Menelik II's or by Zewditu, depending on time period. Somali literature also refers to the territory subjected to Abyssinian expansionism, i.e. the Ogaden, contemporaneously and traditionally as ''the Huwan'': In the subsequent period, during and after the second World War, the area of the Huwan region began to be referred to as the British Military Administration in Ogaden, or simply ''British Ogaden'' in the aftermath of the East African Campaign in 1941.


Groups

* ONLF, a sociopolitical movement seeking self-determination *
Ragxun Haroun, also called Fadhiweyn, and natively transliterated as Xarunta in Somali, was a government and headquarters of the Dervishes, headed by Faarax Mahmud Sugulle. According to Claude Edward Marjoribanks Dansey, the political officer in the ...
, was a minor segment of the 13 Darawiish administrative divisions, and was half Ogaden, half
Cali Geri The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah ( so, Faarax Garaad, ar, محمد جراد, Full Name:'' ’Farah Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' ) is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbahant ...
Dhulbahante. *
Miinanle Haroun, also called Fadhiweyn, and natively transliterated as Xarunta in Somali, was a government and headquarters of the Dervishes, headed by Faarax Mahmud Sugulle. According to Claude Edward Marjoribanks Dansey, the political officer in th ...
, was a major Darawiish administrative divisions, and was one third Ogaden, one third
Cali Geri The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah ( so, Faarax Garaad, ar, محمد جراد, Full Name:'' ’Farah Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' ) is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbahant ...
Dhulbahante, one third Odala/
Bahgeri Dhulbahante The Farah Garad or the Garad Farah ( so, Faarax Garaad, ar, محمد جراد, Full Name:'' ’Farah Shirshore Habarwa Abdullah Muse Said Saleh Abdi Mohamed Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti'' ) is a Somali clan which is part of the Dhulbaha ...
Taariikhdii daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamad Cabdille Xasan, Jaamac Cumar Ciise · 2005 - PAGE 173


Notable persons

* Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, the Sayyid, ''Mad Mullah''; leader of the Dervish movement *
Mahamoud Mohamed General Mohamud Haji Mohamed Barrow ( so, Maxamuud Maxamed) is a former Kenyan military commander, and was Chief of General Staff of the Kenyan military and Commander Kenya Army. Career Mohamed was born to an ethnic Somali community in northeas ...
Former Chief of General Staff of the Kenya Defence Forces from 1980 to 1998. *Admiral
Mohammed Omar Osman Admiral Mohamed Omar Osman (born 1940) () is a Somali admiral, war hero and the incumbent chairman of the Ogaden National Liberation Front (ONLF). Early life and education He was born in Somalia, but attended secondary school in Mogadishu. He l ...
, Current ONLF chairman *
Bashir Bililiqo Bashir Bililiqo was a leader of the Somali Patriotic Movement. He died in May 1992 at the hands of Kenyan soldiers. Career His birth name was Bashir Ali Salad. References 1992 deaths 20th-century Somalian people Somalian politicians
, Leader of the anti-Barre Somali Patriotic Movement * Asli Hassan Abade, First Somali female pilot *
Farah Maalim Farah Maalim Mohamed ( so, Faarax Maaliim Maxamed) is a Kenyan politician who served as Lagdera MP from 1992 to 1997, and then from 2007 to 2013. He then moved to Dadaab constituency in 2022. He is an advocate of the High Court of Kenya . He is a ...
, Former Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Kenya * Aden Duale, The majority leader of the Kenyan parliament *
Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki Sheikh Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki ( so, Hassan Abdullah Hirsii al-Turki, ar, حسن عبد الله حرسي التركي الجامعة; – 27 May 2015) was a Somali Islamist leader of al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (AIAI) and later of the Islam ...
, Islamist leader in Somalia and military leader in the Islamic Courts Union *
Mohamed Yusuf Haji Mohamed Yusuf Haji ( so, Maxamed Yuusuf Xaaji) (23 December 1940 – 15 February 2021) was a Kenyan politician. He was the Minister of Defence of Kenya from 2008 to 2013, and briefly served as its acting Minister of Internal Security and Provinc ...
, Former Minister of Defence and acting Minister of Internal Security and Provincial Affairs in Kenya * Nuruddin Farah, Renowned writer and winner of the 1998
Neustadt International Prize for Literature The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is a biennial award for literature sponsored by the University of Oklahoma and its international literary publication, ''World Literature Today''. It is considered one of the more prestigious inte ...
*
Ahmed Madobe Sheikh Ahmed Mohamed Islaam Madobe ( so, Sheekh Axmed Maxamed Madoobe) is the President of the Jubaland State of Somalia. Background Islamic Courts Union As a member of Islamic Courts Union (ICU) Madobe was governor of Jubaland, in 2006. When ...
, President of Jubbaland, chairman of the Raskamboni movement *
Mohamed Dheere Mohamed Omar Habeb ( so, Maxamed Cumar Xabeeb), commonly known as Mohamed Dheere or Mohamed Dhere (died November 15, 2012), was a Somali faction leader based out of the city of Jowhar. He hailed from the Abgaal subclan of Hawiye. He also had sign ...
, Fighter in Juba River, and mentor of Ahmed Madoobe. *
Hassan Abdillahi Hassan Abdillahi "Karate" ( so, Xasan Cabdullaahi, ar, حسن عبد الله) is a Somali journalist and social activist. He is the founder and President of Ogaal Radio. Biography Abdi hails from the Ogaden Darod clan. Nicknamed "Karate", he i ...
, Founder and President of Ogaal Radio * Aden Duale, Current Majority Leader in the Kenyan Parliament *
Abdirahman Ali Hassan Abdirahman Ali Hassan is a Kenyan politician. He served in the government of Kenya as assistant minister for trade and industry from 2005 to 2007. A member of the Orange Democratic Movement, He was elected to represent the Wajir South Constituen ...
, Wajir county senator and the deputy minority leader in the senate 2013–2017, assistant minister of trade 2005–2007, Wajir south constituency MP, 2002-2013 *
Aar Maanta Hassan-Nour Sayid ( so, Xasan-Nuur Sayid, known by his stage name Aar Maanta) is a Somali people, Somali–British singer-songwriter, actor, composer, instrumentalist and music producer. Personal life Maanta, born Hassan-Nour Sayid in Jigjiga, t ...
, A Somali- British singer-songwriter, actor, composer, instrumentalist and music producer. *
Ahmed Gurey Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi ( so, Axmed Ibraahim al-Qaasi or Axmed Gurey, Harari: አሕመድ ኢብራሂም አል-ጋዚ, ar, أحمد بن إبراهيم الغازي ; 1506 – 21 February 1543) was an imam and general of the Adal Sultana ...
Imam and General of the Adal Sultanate *
Kaladi Madlay Kaladi Madlay was the head of a portion of the Huwan region in the early 1900s decade as well as the highest ranked avowed Ogaden within the Darawiish in the early years of this decade until his purported desertion in 1903. He was succeeded as lea ...
, Head of part of the Huwan region and highest ranked avowed Ogaden in the Darawiish in the early 1900s *
Huseen Dhiqle Huseen Dhiqle, also spelled Xuseen Dhiqle was the memorizer of the orations and poems of the Sayid, as well as his successor at the 1921 Darawiish community at Iimey. Huseen Dhiqle had an eidetic memory whereby he could memorize and recite upwards ...
, Sayid's successor at
Iimey Imi ( so, Iimeey) is a town in the Somali Region of Ethiopia. It is currently divided to two separate towns. East Imi woreda of the Gode Zone and West Imi woreda of the Afder Zone. The Shebelle River runs between these towns. It's located at ...
and chief memorizer of his poems *
Hamed Sultan Xaashi Suni Fooyaan was a Darawiish politician who is described as a Qusuusi (counsellor) in native Somali sources, and as peace-time Darawiish prime minister in colonial sources. Biography The majority of attributions ascribed to Xaashi Suni F ...
, An important disciple of the Sayid and teenage ruler of part of the Huwan *
Xuseen Dalal Iljeex The Somali Region ( so, Deegaanka Soomaalida, am, ሱማሌ ክልል, Sumalē Kilil, ar, المنطقة الصومالية), also known as Soomaali Galbeed (''Western Somalia'') and officially the Somali Regional State, is a Regions of Eth ...
, Governor of Huwan; ally of emperor Menelik II and opponent of
Diiriye Guure Diiriye may refer to: * Diriye Osman, Somali-British writer * Abdillahi Diiriye Guled, Somali scholar * Diiriye Guure, king of the Darawiish sultanate *Asha Gelle Dirie, activist for Puntite and Puntland women *Waris Dirie Waris may refer to: ...


References


"Collective Punishment: War Crimes and crimes against Humanity in the Ogaden area of Ethiopia's Somali Regional State"
(pdf), Human Rights Watch Report (2008) {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogaden (Clan) Ogaden (clan) Somali clans in Ethiopia Ogaden