Aaron Samuel ben Israel Kaidanover (1614 in
Vilna
Vilnius ( , ; see also #Etymology and other names, other names) is the capital and List of cities in Lithuania#Cities, largest city of Lithuania, with a population of 592,389 (according to the state register) or 625,107 (according to the munic ...
– 1 December 1676 in
Chmielnik;
Hebrew
Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...
: אהרן שמואל קאידנוור) was a
Polish-Lithuanian rabbi. Among his teachers were
Jacob Hoeschel and his son
Joshua Hoeschel.
Biography
During the
Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1649) the
Cossacks plundered Kaidanover's possessions, his valuable library and his manuscripts among them, and killed his two young daughters. He arrived in
Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The m ...
an impoverished fugitive. He was elected rabbi successively of
Langenlois
Langenlois () is a town at the Kamp river in the Kamptal, district of Krems-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria. Famous for its wine production, it is also home to the Loisium, a centre celebrating and advertising the local wine and built ...
in
Lower Austria
Lower Austria (german: Niederösterreich; Austro-Bavarian: ''Niedaöstareich'', ''Niedaestareich'') is one of the nine states of Austria, located in the northeastern corner of the country. Since 1986, the capital of Lower Austria has been Sankt P ...
,
Nikolsburg
Mikulov (; german: Nikolsburg; yi, ניקאלשבורג, ''Nikolshburg'') is a town in Břeclav District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 7,400 inhabitants. The historic centre of Mikulov is well preserved and i ...
,
Glogau,
Fürth
Fürth (; East Franconian: ; yi, פיורדא, Fiurda) is a city in northern Bavaria, Germany, in the administrative division ('' Regierungsbezirk'') of Middle Franconia. It is now contiguous with the larger city of Nuremberg, the centres of the ...
, and
Frankfurt am Main
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , "Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on its na ...
, and then returned to
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populou ...
in 1671 to become the rabbi of
Cracow,
a position he held until his death on 1 December 1676, while attending the Vaad HaGalil of Krakow that took place in
Chmielnik (Michael; but
Azulai and Horovitz give 1679; see bibliography).
Kaidenvoer was opposed to the use of
shulchan aruch
The ''Shulchan Aruch'' ( he, שֻׁלְחָן עָרוּך , literally: "Set Table"), sometimes dubbed in English as the Code of Jewish Law, is the most widely consulted of the various legal codes in Judaism. It was authored in Safed (today in I ...
and its commentaries in deciding Jewish law and instead supported the use of
Arbah Turim with commentary of the
Beis Yosef, going so far as to tell (letter found in the Responsa
Nachlas Shiva) a rabbi to sell all of his books and buy himself a set of
Arbah Turim.
Kaidanover's son
Tzvi Hirsch, was a rabbi at
Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially Frankfurt am Main (; Hessian: , " Frank ford on the Main"), is the most populous city in the German state of Hesse. Its 791,000 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located on it ...
and author of
Kav Hayashar. He printed much of his father's works.
Works
He wrote:
* ''Birkat ha-Zebaḥ,'' annotations to the
Talmudical
The Talmud (; he, , Talmūḏ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the cente ...
tractates of
Kodashim
150px, Pidyon haben
Kodashim ( he, קדשים, "Holy Things") is the fifth of the six orders, or major divisions, of the Mishnah, Tosefta and the Talmud, and deals largely with the services within the Temple in Jerusalem, its maintenance and d ...
(except
Hullin
Hullin or Chullin (lit. "Ordinary" or "Mundane") is the third tractate of the Mishnah in the Order of Kodashim and deals with the laws of ritual slaughter of animals and birds for meat in ordinary or non-consecrated use (as opposed to sacred use ...
and
Bekorot), with a preface in which he narrated the remarkable events of his life (edited by his son-in-law Nahum Kohen, brother of
Shabbethai Kohen (ש"ך), Amsterdam, 1669; another edition, with the commentary ''Omer Man,'' appeared
t Berlin?in 1773).
* ''Birkat Shemuel,'' derashot on the
Pentateuch
The Torah (; hbo, ''Tōrā'', "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy. In that sense, Torah means the ...
, partly
kabbalistic, with additions by his son
Zevi Hirsch, its editor (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1682)
* ''Emunat Shemuel,'' sixty responsa on matrimonial cases, edited by his son (ib. 1683)
* ''Tiferet Shemuel,'' novellæ to various Talmudic tractates, also edited by his son (ib. 1692). The annotations to
Hoshen Mishpat Choshen Mishpat is the Hebrew for "Breastplate of Judgement". The term is associated with one of the four sections of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim. This section treats aspects of Jewish law pertinent to ...
contained in the last-named work were printed in ''Ture Zahav'' (Hamburg, 1692).
Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography
*
Azulai, Shem ha-Gedolim, i. 124b, Warsaw, 1876;
*
Benjacob
Isaac ben Jacob Benjacob (January 10, 1801, Ramygala – July 2, 1863, Vilnius) was a Lithuanian Jewish Maskil, best known as a bibliographer, author, and publisher. His 17-volume Hebrew Bible included Rashi, Mendelssohn, as well as his own ''M ...
, Oẓar ha-Sefarim, pp. 41, 87, 88, 659;
*
Jacob Emden
Jacob Emden, also known as Ya'avetz (June 4, 1697 April 19, 1776), was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was acclaimed in all circles for his ...
, Megillat Sefer, p. 5, Warsaw, 1896;
*Fürst, Bibl. Jud. i. 201, ii. 200;
*
Grätz, Gesch. x. 81;
*Horovitz, Frankfurter Rabbinen, ii. 49-53, 99;
*Kaufmann, Vertreibung der Juden aus Wien, p. 62, note 6, Vienna, 1889;
*
Michael
Michael may refer to:
People
* Michael (given name), a given name
* Michael (surname), including a list of people with the surname Michael
Given name "Michael"
* Michael (archangel), ''first'' of God's archangels in the Jewish, Christian an ...
, Or ha-Ḥayyim, No. 317;
*
Steinschneider
Moritz Steinschneider (30 March 1816, Prostějov, Moravia, Austrian Empire – 24 January 1907, Berlin) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist. He received his early instruction in Hebrew from his father, Jacob Steinschneider ( 1782; ...
, Cat. Bodl. cols. 772, 886.
References
*
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kaidanover
17th-century Polish–Lithuanian rabbis
Rabbis from Vilnius
1614 births
1676 deaths