Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-1 is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, res ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''ATF1''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a b ...
.
This gene encodes an activating
transcription factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The f ...
, which belongs to the ATF subfamily and
bZIP (basic-region leucine zipper) family. It influences cellular physiologic processes by regulating the expression of downstream target genes, which are related to growth, survival, and other cellular activities. This protein is phosphorylated at serine 63 in its kinase-inducible domain by serine/threonine kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I/II, mitogen- and
stress-activated protein kinase and
cyclin-dependent kinase 3 (cdk-3). Its phosphorylation enhances its transactivation and transcriptional activities, and enhances cell transformation.
Clinical significance
Fusion of this gene and
FUS on chromosome 16 or
EWSR1 on chromosome 22 induced by translocation generates chimeric proteins in
angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare soft tissue cancer that affects children and young adults. On November 16, 2020, US MasterChef Junior participant Ben Watkins died from the disease at the age of 14.
Pathology
It is characterized ...
and
clear cell sarcoma
Clear cell sarcoma is a rare form of cancer called a sarcoma. It is known to occur mainly in the soft tissues and dermis. Rare forms were thought to occur in the gastrointestinal tract before they were discovered to be different and redesignated ...
. This gene has a pseudogene on chromosome 6.
See also
*
Activating transcription factor
Activating transcription factor, ATF, is a group of bZIP transcription factors, which act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. First, they have been described as members of the CREB/ATF family, whereas it turned out la ...
Interactions
ATF1 has been shown to
interact
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with:
*
BRCA1
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''BRCA1'' () gene. Orthologs are common in other vertebrate species, whereas invertebrate genomes may encode a more distantly related gene. ''BRCA1'' is a ...
,
*
CSNK2A2
Casein kinase II subunit alpha' is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''CSNK2A2'' gene.
Interactions
CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with over 160 different substrates.
CSNK2A2 has been shown to interact with:
* Activating transcri ...
,
*
CSNK2A1,
[ and
* EWS.]
References
Further reading
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External links
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{{NLM content
Transcription factors
Oncogenes