AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2 (ARID2) is a
protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, respo ...
that in humans is encoded by the ''ARID2''
gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a ba ...
.
Function
ARID2 is a
subunit
Subunit may refer to:
*Subunit HIV vaccine, a class of HIV vaccine
*Protein subunit, a protein molecule that assembles with other protein molecules
*Monomer, a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer
*Sub-subunit, a ...
of the PBAF chromatin-remodeling complex, which facilitates ligand-dependent transcriptional
activation by nuclear receptors.
Structure
The ARID2 protein contains two
conserved C-terminal C
2H
2 zinc fingers motifs, a region rich in the
amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. Although hundreds of amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the alpha-amino acids, which comprise proteins. Only 22 alpha am ...
residues
proline
Proline (symbol Pro or P) is an organic acid classed as a proteinogenic amino acid (used in the biosynthesis of proteins), although it does not contain the amino group but is rather a secondary amine. The secondary amine nitrogen is in the prot ...
and
glutamine, a RFX (regulatory factor X)-type winged-helix
DNA-binding domain, and a conserved
N-terminal
The N-terminus (also known as the amino-terminus, NH2-terminus, N-terminal end or amine-terminus) is the start of a protein or polypeptide, referring to the free amine group (-NH2) located at the end of a polypeptide. Within a peptide, the ami ...
A T-rich DNA interaction domain—the last domain for which the protein is named.
Clinical significance
Mutation studies have revealed ARID2 to be a significant
tumor suppressor in many cancer subtypes. ''ARID2'' mutations are prevalent in
hepatocellular carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
It occurs in t ...
and
melanoma
Melanoma, also redundantly known as malignant melanoma, is a type of skin cancer that develops from the pigment-producing cells known as melanocytes. Melanomas typically occur in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye ( ...
. Mutations are present in a smaller but significant fraction in a wide range of other tumors.
''ARID2'' mutations are enriched in
hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma in the US and European patient populations compared with the overall
mutation frequency Mutation frequency and mutation rates are highly correlated to each other. Mutation frequencies test are cost effective in laboratories however; these two concepts provide vital information in reference to accounting for the emergence of mutations ...
.
References
Further reading
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External links
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{{Transcription factors, g0
Transcription factors
Genes mutated in mice