In
enzymology, a phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase (), also known by the shorter name AICAR transformylase, is an
enzyme
Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products ...
that
catalyzes the
chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the pos ...
:10-formyltetrahydrofolate +
AICAR tetrahydrofolate +
FAICAR
Thus, the two
substrates of this enzyme are
10-formyltetrahydrofolate and
AICAR, whereas its two
products
Product may refer to:
Business
* Product (business), an item that serves as a solution to a specific consumer problem.
* Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution
Mathematics
* Produ ...
are
tetrahydrofolate
Tetrahydrofolic acid (THFA), or tetrahydrofolate, is a folic acid derivative.
Metabolism
Human synthesis
Tetrahydrofolic acid is produced from dihydrofolic acid by dihydrofolate reductase. This reaction is inhibited by methotrexate.
It is co ...
and
FAICAR.
This enzyme participates in
purine metabolism
Purine metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down purines that are present in many organisms.
Biosynthesis
Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides, i.e. bases attached to r ...
and
one carbon pool by folate
Folate, also known as vitamin B9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Manufactured folic acid, which is converted into folate by the body, is used as a dietary supplement and in food fortification as it is more stable during processing and ...
.
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of
transferase
A transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that catalyse the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). They are involved in hundreds of ...
s that transfer one-carbon groups, specifically the hydroxymethyl-, formyl- and related transferases. The
systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature.
A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...
of this enzyme class is 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazole-carb oxamide N-formyltransferase. Other names in common use include:
* 10-formyltetrahydrofolate:5-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase
* 5-amino-1-ribosyl-4-imidazolecarboxamide 5-phosphate,
* 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase,
* 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide ribotide transformylase,
* 5-phosphoribosyl-5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase,
* AICAR formyltransferase,
* AICAR transformylase,
* aminoimidazolecarboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase, and
* transformylase,
* bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH,
* ATIC.
Structural studies
As of late 2007, 11
structures
A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...
have been solved for this class of enzymes, with
PDB accession codes , , , , , , , , , , and .
References
*
EC 2.1.2
Enzymes of known structure
{{2.1-enzyme-stub