Archibald Randolph Ammons (February 18, 1926 – February 25, 2001) was an American poet who won the annual National Book Award for Poetry in 1973 and 1993.

Poetic themes

Ammons wrote about humanity's relationship to nature in alternately comic and solemn tones. His poetry often addresses religious and philosophical matters and scenes involving nature, almost in a Transcendental fashion. According to reviewer Daniel Hoffman, his work "is founded on an implied Emersonian division of experience into Nature and the Soul," adding that it "sometimes consciously echo sfamiliar lines from Emerson, Whitman and Dickinson."

Life

Ammons grew up on a tobacco farm near Whiteville, North Carolina, in the southeastern part of the state. He served as a sonar operator in the U.S. Navy during World War II, stationed on board the USS Gunason, a destroyer escort. After the war, Ammons attended Wake Forest University, majoring in biology. Graduating in 1949, he served as a principal and teacher at Hattaras Elementary School later that year and also married Phyllis Plumbo. He received an M.A. in English from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1964, Ammons joined the faculty of Cornell University, eventually becoming Goldwin Smith Professor of English and Poet in Residence. He retired from Cornell in 1998. His students who went on to achieve acclaim as poets include

Alice Fulton Alice Fulton (born 1952) is an American author of poetry, fiction, and nonfiction. Fulton is the Ann S. Bowers Professor of English Emerita at Cornell University. Her awards include the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature, ...

Ann Loomis Silsbee Ann Loomis Silsbee (21 July 1930 - 28 August 2003) was an American composer and poet who composed two operas, published three books of poetry, and received several awards, commissions, and fellowships. Silsbee was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. ...

, and Jerald Bullis. Ammons had been a longtime resident of the

South Jersey South Jersey comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of New Jersey located between the lower Delaware River and the Atlantic Ocean. The designation of South Jersey with a distinct toponym is a colloquialism rather than an administrative ...

communities of

Northfield Northfield may refer to: Places United Kingdom * Northfield, Aberdeen, Scotland * Northfield, Edinburgh, Scotland * Northfield, Birmingham, England * Northfield (Kettering BC Ward), Northamptonshire, England United States * Northfield, Connec ...

, Ocean City and Millville, when he wrote ''Corsons Inlet'' in 1962.

Awards

During the five decades of his poetic career, Ammons was the recipient of many awards and citations. Among his major honors are the 1973 and 1993 U.S. National Book Awards (for ''Collected Poems, 1951-1971'' and for ''Garbage''); the Wallace Stevens Award from the Academy of American Poets (1998); and a MacArthur Fellowship in 1981, the year the award was established. Ammons's other awards include a 1981 National Book Critics Circle Award for ''A Coast of Trees''; a 1993 Library of Congress Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry for ''Garbage''; the 1975 Bollingen Prize for ''Sphere''; the Poetry Society of America's

Robert Frost Robert Lee Frost (March26, 1874January29, 1963) was an American poet. His work was initially published in England before it was published in the United States. Known for his realistic depictions of rural life and his command of American colloq ...

Medal; the Ruth Lilly Prize; and fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1978.

Poetic style

Ammons often writes in two- or three-line stanzas. Poet David Lehman notes a resemblance between Ammons's ''terza libre'' (unrhymed three-line stanzas) and the ''terza rima'' of Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind." Lines are strongly

enjambed In poetry, enjambment ( or ; from the French ''enjamber'') is incomplete syntax at the end of a line; the meaning 'runs over' or 'steps over' from one poetic line to the next, without punctuation. Lines without enjambment are end-stopped. The or ...

. Some of Ammons's poems are very short, one or two lines only, a form known as monostich (effectively, including the title, a kind of

couplet A couplet is a pair of successive lines of metre in poetry. A couplet usually consists of two successive lines that rhyme and have the same metre. A couplet may be formal (closed) or run-on (open). In a formal (or closed) couplet, each of the ...

), while others (for example, the book-length poems ''Sphere'' and ''Tape for the Turn of the Year'') are hundreds of lines long, and sometimes composed on adding-machine tape or other continuous strips of paper. His National Book Award-winning volume ''Garbage'' is a long poem consisting of "a single extended sentence, divided into eighteen sections, arranged in couplets". Ammons's long poems tend to derive multiple strands from a single image. Many readers and critics have noted Ammons's idiosyncratic approach to punctuation. Lehman has written that Ammons "bears out T. S. Eliot's observation that poetry is a 'system of punctuation'." Instead of periods, some poems end with an ellipsis; others have no terminal punctuation at all. The colon is an Ammons "signature"; he uses it "as an all-purpose punctuation mark." According to critic

Stephanie Burt Stephanie Burt (born 1971) is a literary critic and poet who is Professor of English at Harvard University. ''The New York Times'' has called her "one of the most influential poetry critics of ergeneration". Burt grew up around Washington, D.C. S ...

, in many poems Ammons combines three types of diction: Such a mixture is nearly unique, Burt says; these three modes are "almost never found together outside his poems". In contrast, critic J. Mark Smith notes that in long poems such as ''Garbage'', with their "improvised, no-stopping, 'one-time event' compositional procedures," "Ammons works with a continuum of utterance whose central furrows are the most frequently repeated words and phrases in the contemporary American vulgate, but whose far outcastings register the faintest traces of anomalous use." That is, Ammons subjected his own poetic style and its relation to contemporary speech to considerable scrutiny. As Smith puts it, "Ammons's premise is that the process of sorting and grouping (or abstracting) that produces what we commonly call 'garbage' also powers the appearances, disappearances, and re-appearances of words."

Bibliography

Poetry

*''Ommateum, with Doxology''. Philadelphia: Dorrance, 1955. Reprinted, with Preface by Roger Gilbert, Cornell University, by W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York - London, 2006. (paperback) *''Expressions of Sea Level''. Columbus: Ohio State UP, 1964. *''Corsons Inlet''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1965. Reprinted by Norton, 1967. *''Tape for the Turn of the Year''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1965. Reprinted by Norton, 1972. *''Northfield Poems''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1966. *''Selected Poems''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1968. *''Uplands''. New York: Norton, 1970. *''Briefings: Poems Small and Easy''. New York: Norton, 1971. *''Collected Poems, 1951-1971''. New York: Norton, 1972. —winner of the National Book Award"National Book Awards – 1973"
National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
(With acceptance speech by Ammons and essay by Christopher Shannon from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog—one "Appreciation" for Ammons's two awards.) *''Sphere: The Form of a Motion''. New York: Norton, 1974. —winner of the Bollingen Prize for Poetry *''Diversifications''. New York: Norton, 1975. *''The Selected Poems: 1951-1977''. New York: Norton, 1977. *''Highgate Road''. Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP, 1977. *''The Snow Poems'' . New York: Norton, 1977. *''Selected Longer Poems''. New York: Norton, 1980. *''A Coast of Trees''. New York: Norton, 1981. —winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award *''Worldly Hopes''. New York: Norton, 1982. *''Lake Effect Country''. New York: Norton, 1983. *''The Selected Poems: Expanded Edition''. New York: Norton, 1986. *''Sumerian Vistas''. New York: Norton, 1987. *''The Really Short Poems''. New York: Norton, 1991. *''Garbage''. New York: Norton, 1993. —winner of the National Book Award"National Book Awards – 1993"
National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-04-07.
(With acceptance speech by Ammons.) *''The North Carolina Poems.'' Alex Albright, ed. Rocky Mount, NC: NC Wesleyan College P, 1994. *''Brink Road.''New York: Norton, 1996. *''Glare.'' New York: Norton, 1997. *''Bosh and Flapdoodle: Poems.'' New York: Norton, 2005. *''Selected Poems.'' David Lehman, ed. New York: Library of America, 2006. *''The North Carolina Poems.'' New, expanded edition. Frankfort, KY: Broadstone Books, 2010. *''The Mule Poems.'' Fountain, NC: R. A. Fountain, 2010. (chapbook) *''The Complete Poems of A. R. Ammons, Volume 1 1955-1977; Volume 2 1978-2005: Edited by Robert M. West; Introduction by Helen Vendler. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 2017 hardcover vol. 1; hardcover vol. 2

Prose

*''Set in Motion: Essays, Interviews, and Dialogues'' (1996) *''An Image for Longing: Selected Letters and Journals of A.R. Ammons, 1951–1974.'' Ed. Kevin McGuirk. Victoria, BC: ELS Editions, 2014.

Critical studies and reviews of Ammons's work

* *''Diacritics 3'' (1973). An entire "essays on Ammons" issue. * * *Online version is titled "The great American poet of daily chores". * Review of A.R. Ammons, ''The Complete Poems''.

References

External links

Examples of Ammons poetryA. R. Ammons Audio Collection
Z. Smith Reynolds Library, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
A.R. Ammons Interviewed by David GrossvogelReid and Susan Overcash Literary Collection: A.R. Ammons Papers (#1096-001)
East Carolina Manuscript Collection, J. Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University

Southern Historical Collection, Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

Division of Rare and Special Collections, Cornell University Library, Ithaca, New York *

critical essays on Ammons's works {{DEFAULTSORT:Ammons, A.R. Poets from North Carolina Cornell University faculty Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences MacArthur Fellows Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters National Book Award winners People from Columbus County, North Carolina People from Millville, New Jersey People from Northfield, New Jersey People from Ocean City, New Jersey UC Berkeley College of Letters and Science alumni Wake Forest University alumni 1926 births 2001 deaths Bollingen Prize recipients 20th-century American poets 20th-century American musicians United States Navy personnel of World War II United States Navy sailors