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A is the first letter of the Latin and English alphabet. A may also refer to:


Science and technology


Quantities and units

* ''a'', a measure for the attraction between particles in the
Van der Waals equation In chemistry and thermodynamics, the Van der Waals equation (or Van der Waals equation of state) is an equation of state which extends the ideal gas law to include the effects of interaction between molecules of a gas, as well as accounting for ...
* ''A'' value, a measure of substituent effects on the stereochemistry of cyclohexane *
absorbance Absorbance is defined as "the logarithm of the ratio of incident to transmitted radiant power through a sample (excluding the effects on cell walls)". Alternatively, for samples which scatter light, absorbance may be defined as "the negative lo ...
(''A'') *
acceleration In mechanics, acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object with respect to time. Accelerations are vector quantities (in that they have magnitude and direction). The orientation of an object's acceleration is given by t ...
(''a'') *
activity (chemistry) In chemical thermodynamics, activity (symbol ) is a measure of the "effective concentration" of a species in a mixture, in the sense that the species' chemical potential depends on the activity of a real solution in the same way that it would depen ...
(''a'') *
adsorption Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface. This process creates a film of the ''adsorbate'' on the surface of the ''adsorbent''. This process differs from absorption, in which ...
(a) *
annum A year or annus is the orbital period of a planetary body, for example, the Earth, moving in its orbit around the Sun. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by change in weather, the h ...
(a), for year * are (a), a unit of area (equal to 100 square metres; redirects to ''hectare'') *
atto- A metric prefix is a unit prefix that precedes a basic unit of measure to indicate a multiple or submultiple of the unit. All metric prefixes used today are decadic. Each prefix has a unique symbol that is prepended to any unit symbol. The pre ...
(a-), the SI prefix meaning 10−18 * Ampere (A), unit of electric current *
ångström The angstromEntry "angstrom" in the Oxford online dictionary. Retrieved on 2019-03-02 from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/angstrom.Entry "angstrom" in the Merriam-Webster online dictionary. Retrieved on 2019-03-02 from https://www.m ...
(Å) a unit of length (equal to 1 metres) *
area Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a region on the plane or on a curved surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while '' surface area'' refers to the area of an ope ...
(''A'') *
attenuation coefficient The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter. A coefficient valu ...
(''a'') *
Bohr radius The Bohr radius (''a''0) is a physical constant, approximately equal to the most probable distance between the nucleus and the electron in a hydrogen atom in its ground state. It is named after Niels Bohr, due to its role in the Bohr model of an ...
(''a''0) *
chemical affinity In chemical physics and physical chemistry, chemical affinity is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds. Chemical affinity can also refer to the tendency of an atom or compound to co ...
(''A'') *
gain (electronics) In electronics, gain is a measure of the ability of a two-port circuit (often an amplifier) to increase the power or amplitude of a signal from the input to the output port by adding energy converted from some power supply to the signal. It i ...
(''A'') *
Hall coefficient The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor that is transverse to an electric current in the conductor and to an applied magnetic field perpendicular to the current. It was discov ...
(''A''H) *
Hamaker constant The Hamaker constant ''A'' can be defined for a van der Waals (vdW) body–body interaction: :A=\pi^2C\rho_1\rho_2, where \rho_1 and \rho_2 are the number densities of the two interacting kinds of particles, and ''C'' is the London coefficient in ...
(''A'') *
Helmholtz free energy In thermodynamics, the Helmholtz free energy (or Helmholtz energy) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the useful work obtainable from a closed thermodynamic system at a constant temperature (isothermal). The change in the Helmholtz ener ...
(''A'') * Hyperfine coupling constant (''a'' or ''A'') * magnetic vector potential (''A'') *
mass number The mass number (symbol ''A'', from the German word ''Atomgewicht'' tomic weight, also called atomic mass number or nucleon number, is the total number of protons and neutrons (together known as nucleons) in an atomic nucleus. It is approxima ...
of a nuclide (''A'') *
pre-exponential factor In chemical kinetics, the pre-exponential factor or A factor is the pre-exponential constant in the Arrhenius equation (equation shown below), an empirical relationship between temperature and rate coefficient. It is usually designated by A when ...
(''A'') * one of the
reciprocal lattice vector In physics, the reciprocal lattice represents the Fourier transform of another lattice (group) (usually a Bravais lattice). In normal usage, the initial lattice (whose transform is represented by the reciprocal lattice) is a periodic spatial fu ...
s (''a*'') * relative atomic mass (''A''r) * Richardson's constant (''A'') * rotational constant (''A'') * specific surface area (''a'') * thermal diffusivity (''a'') * unit cell length (''a'')


Astronomy

* A whitish-blue class of stars in the Morgan–Keenan system; see Stellar classification * Part of the Naming of comets, provisional designation of a comet (e.g., C/1760 A1), indicating a January 1 through 15 discovery * The semi-major axis of an orbit


Biology

* A+ and A−, human blood types * Vitamin A, also called retinol, an essential human nutrient * Haplogroup A (mtDNA), a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup * Haplogroup A (Y-DNA), a Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroup * Adenine, a nucleic acid * Adenosine, a nucleoside * Alanine, an amino acid * ATC code A, Alimentary tract and metabolism, a section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System


Computing


Programming languages

* A+ (programming language) * A Sharp (Axiom), A, an object-oriented functional programming language * A Sharp (.NET) (also written "A#"), a port of Ada to the Microsoft .NET Platform * BASIC A+


Other uses in computing

* A* search algorithm, a pathfinding algorithm * A-0 System, an early computer compiler * , the HTML element#Anchor, HTML element for an anchor tag * a, equivalent (qname) to the RDF Schema#Properties, RDF Schema Property rdf:type * A level of web accessibility defined by the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines * The List of DNS record types, address record type of DNS, defined in RFC 1035


Mathematics and logic

* A numerical digit meaning ten in hexadecimal and other positional numeral systems with a radix of 11 or greater * Sometimes in blackboard bold represents the algebraic numbers (\mathbb) (U+1D538 in Unicode) * Universal quantifier in symbolic logic (symbol ∀ or \forall, an inverted letter A) * Universal affirmative, one of the four types of categorical proposition in logic * Mills' constant is represented by the symbol ''A'' * Glaisher–Kinkelin constant is also often represented by the symbol ''A''


Other uses in science and technology

* A battery, a vacuum tube filament type battery * List_of_battery_sizes#Cylindrical_batteries, A battery (size), a standard battery size * Anode, an electrode * A, historical symbol for chemical element argon, currently Ar * The center of a hexagonal face of the Brillouin zone of a hexagonal lattice, in physics


Arts and media


Books

* "A", a major poem by twentieth century author Louis Zukofsky * ''a, A Novel'', by twentieth century artist Andy Warhol * A, the name of the Fourth Raikage, the leader of Kumogakure in the Naruto manga series * A (Pretty Little Liars), A (''Pretty Little Liars''), the main antagonist in the ''Pretty Little Liars'' book and TV series * A (for "adultery"), the titular letter in the novel ''The Scarlet Letter'' * ''"A" Is for Alibi'', the first novel in Sue Grafton's "Alphabet mystery" series, published in 1982 * Matthew Arnold, who used the pseudonym "A" * Isaac Asimov, who used the pseudonym "Dr. A" * Alexander Pope, who used the pseudonym "A"


Film and TV


Films

* A (1965 film), ''A'' (1965 film), a short film animated by Jan Lenica * A (1998 Kannada film), ''A'' (1998 Kannada film), an Indian movie directed by Upendra * A (1998 Japanese film), ''A'' (1998 Japanese film), a documentary film about a Buddhist sect called "A" * A (2002 film), ''A'' (2002 film), a British documentary film


Film ratings

* A, a rating in India's Central Board of Film Certification * A certificate, a film rating used by the Canadian motion picture rating system * A, a British Board of Film Classification rating used from 1912 to 1982, see History of British film certificates


Television

*CTV 2, a Canadian television system formerly known as A-Channel and A *A, the main antagonist and unknown character of the show Pretty Little Liars (TV series), ''Pretty Little Liars'' *A (The Walking Dead), "A" (''The Walking Dead''), an episode of the television series ''The Walking Dead'' *A, code name of Ange, the main protagonist of the anime show ''Princess Principal'' *"A"-logo for the Spanish network Antena 3 (Spanish TV channel), Antena 3. *A, the production code for the 1963 ''Doctor Who'' serial ''An Unearthly Child''


Music

* A (musical note), the sixth solfège note * A major, a scale * A minor, a scale * A major chord; see Chord names and symbols (popular music)


Performers

* A (band), a British alternative rock band


Albums

* A (Agnetha Fältskog album), ''A'' (Agnetha Fältskog album), 2013 * A (Cass McCombs album), ''A'' (Cass McCombs album), 2003 * A (Jimmy Raney album), ''A'' (Jimmy Raney album), 1957 * A (Jethro Tull album), ''A'' (Jethro Tull album), 1980 * A (Usher and Zaytoven album), ''A'' (Usher and Zaytoven album), 2018 * ''A'', a Denki Groove album (read as "Ace") * A (Ayumi Hamasaki EP), ''A'' (Ayumi Hamasaki EP), 1999 * A (single album), ''A'' (single album), a 2015 single by the Korean band Big Bang * A!, Alexa Feser 2019 *A' (album), an album by Afrirampo


Songs

* A or Side A, the top or first side of a gramophone record * A (Rainbow song), "A" (Rainbow song), a 2010 single by Rainbow * "A", song by Got7 from ''Got Love (EP), Got Love'' (2014) * "A", song by the band Barenaked Ladies from ''Maybe You Should Drive'' * "A", song by Cartel from ''Chroma (album), Chroma'' * "A", a List of Dance Dance Revolution songs, song in the Dance Dance Revolution video game series, by DJ Amuro


Other media

* /a/, the anime and manga section on 4chan * A, a Japanese video game rating in the Computer Entertainment Rating Organization suitable for all ages.


Geography

* Austria, on the vehicle registration plates of the European Union *"The A", a nickname for the U.S. city of Atlanta, Georgia


Linguistics


Letters

* A (or a), the first letter of the Latin alphabet * A (Bengali), the romanized name of the Bengali letter অ * A (cuneiform), the romanized name of a cuneiform sign * A (Cyrillic) (A or а), the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet * A (kana) (or a), the romanized name of the Hiragana syllable letter あ and of the Katakana syllable letter ア used in Japanese, which may also be used to represent Asia * Alpha (Α or α), the first letter of the Greek alphabet


Other uses in linguistics

* A and an, the indefinite article in English * List of glossing abbreviations, A, a glossing abbreviation for agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb * , the IPA representation of the open front unrounded vowel * , the IPA representation of the open back unrounded vowel * ''a.'', an abbreviation of ''ante'' (Latin language, Latin for "before") used in etymologies


People

* A (pharaoh), an Egyptian pharaoh * A Martinez, an American actor and singer * Matthew Arnold, who used the pseudonym "A" * Isaac Asimov, who used the pseudonym "Dr. A" * Alexander Pope, who used the pseudonym "A" * Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116, a Swedish child born in 1991, alternately called "A"


Philosophy and religion

* A, the Dominical letter of a common year starting on Sunday * Scarlet A, symbol for atheism adopted by the Out Campaign, a public awareness initiated by Elizabeth Cornwell and Richard Dawkins * Alpha, (sometimes A) in Christian theology, a metaphor for the beginning/creation of time and matter * An Anarchist symbolism, anarchist symbol, an A within a circle


Transport


Automobile

* Ford Model A, a name used by two separate cars produced by the Ford Motor Company: ** Ford Model A (1903–04) ** Ford Model A (1927–31) * Geometry A, an electric mid-size sedan by Geely Auto


Rail

* A (S-train) a service on the S-train network in Copenhagen * Line A (Buenos Aires Underground), Line A of the Buenos Aires Subte * Line A (Prague Metro) * NZR A class (disambiguation) two New Zealand steam locomotive classes * United States ** A (Los Angeles Railway) ** A (New York City Subway service), also known as the "A Eighth Avenue Express" ** Alton Railroad (reporting mark) ** A Line (Los Angeles Metro) * Britain ** LCDR A class, British 0-4-4T steam locomotives introduced in 1875 ** LD&ECR Class A, British 0-6-2T steam locomotives introduced in 1895 ** LNWR Class A, British 0-8-0 steam locomotives introduced in 1893 ** NER Class A, British 2-4-2T steam locomotives introduced in 1886 ** SER A class, British 4-4-0 steam locomotives introduced in 1879 ** Taff Vale Railway A class, British 0-6-2T steam locomotives introduced in 1914


Ships

*A (motor yacht), ''A'' (motor yacht) (M/Y ''A''), a 119m yacht owned by Andrey Melnichenko *A (sailing yacht), ''A'' (sailing yacht) (S/Y ''A''), a 143m yacht owned by Andrey Melnichenko * , a Kaiserliche Marine tanker


Other uses

* A (grade), an academic grade * A series of paper sizes defined by ISO 216, e.g. A4, A5 sizes * A formation, an American football offensive formation * A-Frame, a type of structure * Ace, a playing card * Agilent Technologies, with U.S. ticker symbol A * Sentinel Peak (Arizona), more commonly known as "A" Mountain for the man-made rock formation in the shape of the letter * List of military time zones#A, Alfa, the military time zone code for UTC+01:00 * Farmall A, a tractor produced by International Harvester from 1939 to 1947


See also

* Å (disambiguation) * ⓐ and Ⓐ, see Enclosed Alphanumerics * Class A (disambiguation) * Model A (disambiguation) * Circled a (disambiguation) * Single-A, or Class A, a classification of minor league baseball * A band (disambiguation) * A class (disambiguation) * A type (disambiguation) * Aleph (disambiguation) * Alpha (disambiguation) * A1 (disambiguation) * AA (disambiguation) * AAA (disambiguation) * AAAA (disambiguation) {{disambiguation