The 9th Street Art Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture is the official title artist

Franz Kline Franz Kline (May 23, 1910 – May 13, 1962) was an American painter. He is associated with the Abstract Expressionist movement of the 1940s and 1950s. Kline, along with other action painters like Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Robert Mot ...

hand-lettered onto the poster he designed for the Ninth Street Show (May 21-June 10, 1951).''"9th St." Show Poster''
Now considered historic, the artist-led exhibition marked the formal debut of

Abstract Expressionism Abstract expressionism is a post–World War II art movement in American painting, developed in New York City in the 1940s. It was the first specifically American movement to achieve international influence and put New York at the center of the ...

, and the first American art movement with international influence. The

School of Paris The School of Paris (french: École de Paris) refers to the French and émigré artists who worked in Paris in the first half of the 20th century. The School of Paris was not a single art movement or institution, but refers to the importance ...

, long the headquarters of the global art market, typically launched new movements, so there was both financial and cultural fall-out when all the excitement was suddenly emanating from New York. The post-war New York

avant-garde The avant-garde (; In 'advance guard' or ' vanguard', literally 'fore-guard') is a person or work that is experimental, radical, or unorthodox with respect to art, culture, or society.John Picchione, The New Avant-garde in Italy: Theoretical ...

, artists like

Willem de Kooning Willem de Kooning (; ; April 24, 1904 – March 19, 1997) was a Dutch-American abstract expressionist artist. He was born in Rotterdam and moved to the United States in 1926, becoming an American citizen in 1962. In 1943, he married painter El ...

and

Jackson Pollock Paul Jackson Pollock (; January 28, 1912August 11, 1956) was an American painter and a major figure in the abstract expressionist movement. He was widely noticed for his " drip technique" of pouring or splashing liquid household paint onto a hor ...

, would soon become "art stars," commanding large sums and international attention. The Ninth Street Show marked their "stepping-out," and that of nearly 75 other artists, including Harry Jackson,

Helen Frankenthaler Helen Frankenthaler (December 12, 1928 – December 27, 2011) was an American abstract expressionist painter. She was a major contributor to the history of postwar American painting. Having exhibited her work for over six decades (early 1950s u ...

Joan Mitchell Joan Mitchell (February 12, 1925 – October 30, 1992) was an American artist who worked primarily in painting and printmaking, and also used pastel and made other works on paper. She was an active participant in the New York School of artis ...

Grace Hartigan Grace Hartigan (March 28, 1922 – November 15, 2008) was an American Abstract Expressionist painter and a significant member of the vibrant New York School of the 1950s and 1960s. Her circle of friends, who frequently inspired one another in t ...

, Robert De Niro Sr.,

Philip Guston Philip Guston (born Phillip Goldstein, June 27, 1913 – June 7, 1980), was a Canadian American painter, printmaker, muralist and draftsman. Early in his five decade career, muralist David Siquieros described him as one of "the most promising ...

Elaine de Kooning Elaine Marie Catherine de Kooning (, née Fried; March 12, 1918 – February 1, 1989) was an Abstract Expressionist and Figurative Expressionist painter in the post-World War II era. She wrote extensively on the art of the period and was an edit ...

Lee Krasner Lenore "Lee" Krasner (born Lena Krassner; October 27, 1908 – June 19, 1984) was an American abstract expressionist painter, with a strong speciality in collage. She was married to Jackson Pollock. Although there was much cross-pollination be ...

Ad Reinhardt Adolph Dietrich Friedrich Reinhardt (December 24, 1913 – August 30, 1967) was an abstract painter active in New York for more than three decades. He was a member of the American Abstract Artists (AAA) and part of the movement center ...

, David Smith,

Milton Resnick Milton Resnick (January 7, 1917 – March 12, 2004) was an American artist noted for abstract paintings that coupled scale with density of incident. It was not uncommon for some of the largest paintings to weigh in excess three hundred pounds, a ...

Joop Sanders Joop Sanders (born October 6, 1921) is a Dutch-American painter, educator, and founding member of the American Abstract Expressionist group. He is the youngest member of the first generation of the New York School. Sanders' work is held in t ...

Robert Motherwell Robert Motherwell (January 24, 1915 – July 16, 1991) was an American Abstract Expressionism, abstract expressionist Painting, painter, printmaker, and editor of ''The Dada Painters and Poets: an Anthology''. He was one of the youngest of th ...

Barnett Newman Barnett Newman (January 29, 1905 – July 4, 1970) was an American artist. He has been critically regarded as one of the major figures of abstract expressionism, and one of the foremost color field painters. His paintings explore the sense o ...

and many others who were then mostly unknown to an art establishment that ignored experimental art without a ready market. The artist-led show was intended to make names — and it did. Word of the exhibition slipped out prior to the Monday night preview, but that only added to the interest. Author Mary Gabriel writes, "Nothing sold, but no one cared. The exhibition had earned the artists attention on their own terms." Their form of art — the New York School — was later called "the quintessential American and modern art movement." At the time, however, " appeared as though a line had been crossed, a step into a larger art world whose future was bright with possibility."Bruce Altshuler
''Avant-Garde In Exhibition: New Art in the 20th Century,''
(New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994)

Organization

The Club

During the late 1940s and early 1950s, dozens of painters and sculptors all had art studios in lower Manhattan between 8th and 12th streets and First and Sixth Avenues. Collectively known as the Downtown Group,Harold Rosenberg, "Tenth Street: A Geography of Modern Art," Art News Annual XXVIII, 1959, New York: Art Foundation Press, Inc. pp.120-1
''Abstract expressionist art movement in America video documentation project, 1991-1992.''
3 many of them were former

Federal Art Project The Federal Art Project (1935–1943) was a New Deal program to fund the visual arts in the United States. Under national director Holger Cahill, it was one of five Federal Project Number One projects sponsored by the Works Progress Administrati ...

artists, including

Philip Pavia Philip Pavia (1911-2005) was a culturally influential American artist of Italian descent, known for his scatter sculpture and figurative abstractions, and the debate he fostered among many of the 20th century's most important art thinkers. A foun ...

, Bill de Kooning, Landes Lewitin, Franz Kline and

Jack Tworkov Jack Tworkov (15 August 1900 – 4 September 1982) was an American abstract expressionist painter. Biography Yakov Tworkovsky, more commonly known as Jack Tworkov, was born in Biała Podlaska on the border between Poland and the Russian Emp ...

. Several had also served in the military during World War II.''New York School Abstract Expressionists Artists Choice by Artists,''
(New York School Press, 2000.) p.11-12 In 1949, members of the Downtown Group, helmed by Philip Pavia, created a more structured group that met regularly on 39 East 8th Street, and came to be known as "The Club." Weekly discussions at the Club led to the idea of organizing the 9th Street Art Exhibition as a launching pad.

The Artists

"Since few of them had ever received any significant notice," the ''New Yorker'''s Claudia Roth Pierpont writes'','' describing both the artists and the exhibition's selection process, "the rush to participate was so intense that everyone was limited to a single piece. Even in this renegade atmosphere," she continues, "there was some initial discussion of whether including women in the exhibition would diminish its chance of being taken seriously. Eventually, the jury selected eleven women, and sixty-one men, to represent the creatively rich (if otherwise impoverished) new downtown art world, with its cheap industrial lofts, high communal spirits, and almost universal devotion to abstraction." Note, however, although 74 artists were exhibited, only 64 are listed below, which is sourced from Franz Kline's original poster.

By Representative work

(Selection was limited by availability.) File:Litho -2 (Waves -2) by Willem de Kooning, 1960.JPG,

. ''Litho #2 (Waves #2)'' by Willem de Kooning, 1960, lithograph, 47 13/16 x 32 5/16 in. File:Brock-Krasner-3.jpg,

. ''Untitled Mural Study'', 1940. Gouache and collage on paper, 7 3/16 x 23 1/4 in. File:9.1.12-Constantino-Nivola-1962-Stiles-College-Yale-University.-Cast-stone-sculpture-after-treatment..jpg,

Costantino Nivola Costantino (also known as Antine, in Sardinia, or Tino, in the US) Nivola (July 5, 1911 – May 6, 1988) was an Italian sculptor, architectural sculptor, muralist, designer, and teacher. Born in Sardinia, Nivola had already started his caree ...

. Cast stone sculpture after treatment. 1962. File:Bust of Paul Johannes Tillich (daylight).JPG,

James Rosati James Rosati (1911 in Washington, Pennsylvania 1911 – 1988 in New York City) was an American abstract sculptor. He is best known for creating an outdoor sculpture in New York: a stainless steel ''Ideogram.'' Life Born near Pittsburgh, R ...

. ''Bust of Paul Johannes Tillich'' (daylight). c. 1965. File:Schanker musical instru.JPG,

Louis Schanker Louis Schanker (1903 – May 7, 1981) was an American abstract artist. Early life He grew up in an Orthodox Jewish environment in the Bronx, New York. His parents, Sam, a tailor, and Fannie Schanker, were of Romanian descent. He had five sibl ...

. ''Abstraction With Musical Instruments''. Oil on canvas. 1932. File:Big Table 3 (1959).jpg, Aaron Siskin. Cover photographer for American literary magazine ''Big Table'', 1959. File:SMITH CUBI VI.JPG, David Smith. ''Cubi VI'', 1963. Stainless steel. The Israel Museum, Jerusalem.

By name

(Source
''9th St. Art Exhibition poster, 1951''
* L. Alcopley (1910–1992) * Rene Robert Bouche (1906–1963) * Theodore Brenson (1893–1959) * James Brooks (1906–1992) * Peter Busa (1914–1985) *

Giorgio Cavallon Giorgio Cavallon (March 3, 1904 – December 22, 1989) was a founding member of the American Abstract Artists and a pioneer Abstract Expressionist. Biography Giorgio Cavallon was born March 3, 1904 in Sorio, a hamlet of the municipality of Ga ...

(1904–1989) *

Nicolas Carone Nicolas Carone (June 4, 1917 – July 15, 2010) belonged to the early generation of New York School Abstract Expressionist artists. Their artistic innovation by the 1950s had been recognized internationally, including in London and Paris. New ...

(1917–2010) *

(1918–1989) *

(1904–1997) * Robert De Niro, Sr. (1922–1993) *

Enrico Donati Enrico Donati (February 19, 1909 – April 25, 2008) was an Italian-American Surrealist painter and sculptor. Life and work Enrico Donati studied economics at the Università degli Studi, Pavia, and in 1934 moved to the USA, where he attended th ...

(1909–2008) *

Friedel Dzubas Friedel Dzubas (April 20, 1915 in Berlin, German Empire, Germany – December 10, 1994 in Auburndale, Massachusetts) was a German-born American abstract painter. Life and work Friedel Dzubas studied art in his native land before fleeing Na ...

(1915–1994) *

Jimmy Ernst Hans-Ulrich Ernst (June 24, 1920 – February 6, 1984), known as Jimmy Ernst, was an American painter born in Germany. Early life Jimmy Ernst was born in 1920 in Cologne, Germany, the son of German Surrealist painter Max Ernst and Luise Str ...

(1920–1984) *

Herbert Ferber Herbert Ferber (1906 – 1991) was an American Abstract Expressionist, sculptor and painter, and a "driving force of the New York School." Background Herbert Ferber Silvers was born on April 30, 1906, in New York City. In 1923, he be ...

(1906–1991) *

John Ferren John Millard Ferren (October 17, 1905 – July 1, 1970) was an American artist and educator. He was active from 1920 until 1970 in San Francisco, Paris and New York City. Early life John Ferren was born in Pendleton, Oregon on October 17, ...

(1905–1970) *

Perle Fine Perle Fine (born Poule Feine)(1905–1988) was an American Abstract expressionist painter.Helen Frankenthaler Helen Frankenthaler (December 12, 1928 – December 27, 2011) was an American abstract expressionist painter. She was a major contributor to the history of postwar American painting. Having exhibited her work for over six decades (early 1950s u ...

(1928–2011) * Michael Goldberg (Stuart) (1924–2007) *

Robert Goodnough Robert Goodnough (October 23, 1917 – October 2, 2010) was an American abstract expressionist painter. A veteran of World War II, Goodnough was one of the last of the original generation of the New York School; (although he has been referred to ...

(1917–2010) *

Clement Greenberg Clement Greenberg () (January 16, 1909 – May 7, 1994), occasionally writing under the pseudonym K. Hardesh, was an American essayist known mainly as an art critic closely associated with American modern art of the mid-20th century and a formali ...

(1909–1998) * Peter Grippe (1912–2002) *

(1913–1980) *

(George) (1922–2008) * Hans Hofmann (1880–1966) * Harry Jackson (1924–2011) *

Hugh Kappel Hugh Kappel (born 1910 Berlin – 1982) was an American artist. Life He received an M.A. in philosophy. He studied at Parisian art schools. He immigrated to New York City in 1938. In 1940, he became an American citizen. In 1940, he met An ...

(1910–1982) * Earl Kerkam (1891–1965) *

(1910–1962) * Gitou Knoop (1909–1985) *

Albert Kotin Albert Kotin (August 7, 1907 – February 6, 1980) belonged to the early generation of New York School Abstract Expressionist artists whose artistic innovation by the 1950s had been recognized across the Atlantic, including in Paris. The New Y ...

(1907–1980) *

(1908–1984) *

Alfred Leslie Alfred Leslie (born October 29, 1927) is an American artist and filmmaker. He first achieved success as an Abstract Expressionist painter, but changed course in the early 1960s and became a painter of realistic figurative paintings. Biography ...

(1927–) *

Richard Lippold Richard Lippold (May 3, 1915 – August 22, 2002) was an American sculptor, known for his geometric constructions using wire as a medium. Life Lippold was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He studied at the University of Chicago, and graduated from ...

(1915–2002) * Seymour Lipton (1903–1986) *

Conrad Marca-Relli Conrad Marca-Relli (born Corrado Marcarelli; June 5, 1913 – August 29, 2000) was an American artist who belonged to the early generation of New York School Abstract Expressionist artists whose artistic innovation by the 1950s had been reco ...

(1913–2000) * Boris Margo (1902–1995) * George McNeil (1908–1995) *

(1925–1992) *

(1915–1991) *

(1911–1988) *

(1912–1956) *

Fairfield Porter Fairfield Porter (June 10, 1907 – September 18, 1975) was an American painter and art critic. He was the fourth of five children of James Porter, an architect, and Ruth Furness Porter, a poet from a literary family. He was the brother of photo ...

(1907–1975) *

Richard Pousette-Dart Richard Warren Pousette-Dart (June 8, 1916 – October 25, 1992) was an American abstract expressionist artist most recognized as a founder of the New York School of painting.Kimmelman, Michae"Richard Pousette-Dart, 76, Dies; An Early Abstract E ...

(1916–1992) * Melville Price (1920–1970) *

(1913–1967) *

(1917–2004) * Robert Richenburg (1917–2006) *

Robert Rauschenberg Milton Ernest "Robert" Rauschenberg (October 22, 1925 – May 12, 2008) was an American painter and graphic artist whose early works anticipated the Pop art movement. Rauschenberg is well known for his Combines (1954–1964), a group of artwor ...

(1925–2008) *

(1912–1988) *

Anne Ryan Anne Ryan (1889–1954) was an American Abstract Expressionist artist associated with the New York School. Her first contact with the New York City avant-garde came in 1941 when she joined the Atelier 17, a famous printmaking workshop that the ...

(1889–1954) *

(1921–) *

(1903–1981) * Day Schnabel (1905–1991) *

Sonia Sekula Sonja Sekula (8 April 1918 – 25 April 1963) (also known as Sonia Sekula) was an American artist linked with the abstract expressionist movement, notable for her activity as an "out" lesbian in the New York art world during the 1940s and ea ...

(1918–1963) * Aaron Siskind (1903-1991) * David Smith (1906–1965) *

Theodoros Stamos Theodoros Stamos (Greek: Θεόδωρος Στάμος) (December 31, 1922 – February 2, 1997) was a Greek-American painter. He is one of the youngest painters of the original group of abstract expressionist painters (the so-called " Iras ...

(1922–1997) * Joe Stefanelli (1921–) * John Stephan (1906–1994) * Jean Steubing (1929–) *

Yvonne Thomas Yvonne Thomas (1913 Nice – August 7, 2009 Aspen, Colorado) was an American abstract artist. Education She enrolled at the Art Students League of New York, Art Students League in 1938, where she studied with Vaclav Vytlacil and Dmitri Romanov ...

(1913-2009) * Bradley Walker Tomlin (1899–1953) *

(1900–1982) * Esteban Vicente (1903–2001)

By photo

(Selection was limited by availability.) File:Archives of American Art - James Brooks - 2001 CROPPED.jpg, Painter James Brooks in 1940 File:Nicolas Carone,East Hapmton, late 50's (1).jpg, Painter

in the late 1950s. File:07. Michal Cihlář - Leo Castelli a Roy Lichtenstein stojící před obrazem „Interiér s plastikou Yvese Kleina“, 1992.jpg, Curator

Leo Castelli Leo Castelli (born Leo Krausz; September 4, 1907 – August 21, 1999) was an Italian-American art dealer who originated the contemporary art gallery system. His gallery showcased contemporary art for five decades. Among the movements which ...

(right) beside a Roy Lichtenstein painting in 1992. File:Willem de Kooning in his studio.jpg, Willem de Kooning in 1961. File:Philip Guston at a mural.jpg, Painter

in 1940. File:F. Kiesler 1.jpg, Sculptor

Frederick John Kiesler Frederick John Kiesler (September 22, 1890 – December 27, 1965) was an Austrian-United States, American architect, theoretician, theater designer, artist and sculptor. Biography Kiesler was born Friedrich Jacob Kiesler in Czernowitz, Austro-H ...

in 1924. File:Marca-Relli.jpg, Painter

in 1982. File:Robert Rauschenberg (1968).jpg, Graphic artist

in 1968. File:Consuelo Kanaga, Mark Rothko. 82.65.453.jpg, Painter

Mark Rothko Mark Rothko (), born Markus Yakovlevich Rothkowitz (russian: Ма́ркус Я́ковлевич Ротко́вич, link=no, lv, Markuss Rotkovičs, link=no; name not Anglicized until 1940; September 25, 1903 – February 25, 1970), was a Latv ...

in the 1940s. File:Archives of American Art - Louis Schanker - 2374.jpg, Painter

in 1939.

Exhibition funding and formal roles

" nt for the decrepit xhibitionspace for the entire length of the show was only $70."Arts journalist Philip Barcio explains."But nearly everyone involved in the show was broke, and some were literally starving. uture art dealer Leo

Castelli Castelli may refer to: Places Argentina * Castelli, Buenos Aires, city in Buenos Aires Province * Castelli Partido, partido in Buenos Aires Province * Juan José Castelli, Chaco, in Chaco Province * Villa Castelli, Argentina, in La Rioja Provi ...

covered the bill, and the artists did all of the work to renovate ... the basement and first floor of a condemned building at 60 East 9th Street." Castelli, in his first curatorial effort, six years before he opened the gallery that made him famous, also hung the show. It was said he was selected because he was popular, and many of the artists thought he would hang their work impartially, but he also "paid for most of the expenses." Prior to the show, artist Franz Kline designed and created of all of the promotional materials, including the poster that gave the show its official name.New York Cultural Capital of the World 1940-1965 ed. Leonard Wallock, Rizzoli, New York 1988 p.146 During the event, Aaron Siskind, also a New York School "member," documented the exhibit with a series of photographs. Afterward, " e artists celebrated not only the appearance of the dealers, collectors and museum people on the 9th Street, and the consequent exposure of their work," Altshuler writes, "but they celebrated the creation and the strength of a living community."

Legacy

American art

Critical response after the Ninth Street Show encouraged and helped define early abstract expressionism, while also promoting it. Critic

Harold Rosenberg Harold Rosenberg (February 2, 1906 – July 11, 1978) was an American writer, educator, philosopher and art critic. He coined the term Action Painting in 1952 for what was later to be known as abstract expressionism. Rosenberg is best known for ...

's "famous 1952 essay, 'The American Action Painters,'

hich Ij ( fa, ايج, also Romanized as Īj; also known as Hich and Īch) is a village in Golabar Rural District, in the Central District of Ijrud County, Zanjan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also ...

effectively likened artists such as Willem de Kooning and Franz Kline to heroic existentialists wrestling with self-expression" is one good example. But praise from critics like the make-or-break " lementGreenberg ... collectors like

Peggy Guggenheim Marguerite "Peggy" Guggenheim ( ; August 26, 1898 – December 23, 1979) was an American art collector, bohemian and socialite. Born to the wealthy New York City Guggenheim family, she was the daughter of Benjamin Guggenheim, who went down with t ...

, and curators like MoMA’s Alfred H Barr ... lso helpedabstract expressionism eventually gain momentum among the art glitterati of New York in the 1950s, despite never being popular among the wider American public." It was Greenberg, in fact, who claimed that "for the first time ever, the most 'advanced' form of Western art was no longer being produced in Europe but instead in New York. For him, it was painters like Pollock, Motherwell, De Kooning, Rothko, Kline, and Newman that were now, thanks to the new abstract languages they were developing, carrying on the work that had begun with the European avant-gardes." A less enthusiastic public, however, meant that few local galleries mounted shows featuring members of the group. The Stable Gallery, a converted horse stable, located at 924 7th Avenue and 58th Street in Manhattan, was an exception, and as host of the New York Painting and Sculpture Annuals from 1953–57, it exhibited some of the "Ninth Street Show" artists. The poster for the second New York Painting and Sculpture Annual, also held at The Stable Gallery in 1953, included an introduction by critic Clement Greenberg, both crediting and praising the Ninth Street Show for setting a precedent for showing more daring work because the show was conceived and organized by artists:

This exhibition was conceived and organized by artists, the event rightly to be considered the precedent for this one was the famous "Ninth Street" show held in the spring of 1951 on the ground floor of a vacated store, on East 9th St. Like this one, that exhibition was organized, and its participants named and invited, by artists themselves, and a range of the liveliest tendencies within the mainstream of advanced painting and sculpture was presented. I don't think the reverberations of that show have died away yet..."

Women artists

Sixty-one men and eleven women participated in the Ninth Street Art Exhibition. "Five of the women went on to have international careers, their work collected by major museums and subject to ever-expanding bibliographies: Grace Hartigan, Helen Frankenthaler, Joan Mitchell, Elaine de Kooning (who was married to Willem), and ee Krasner—the oldest of them but the last to bloom, coming into her own only after Pollock’s death, in 1956, a painful loss yet the start of a remarkably productive twenty-eight years of widowhood." In 2018, author Mary Gabriel published a collective biography of them, their work and their underacknowledged contributions to American art in the acclaimed ''Ninth Street Women: Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Grace Hartigan, Joan Mitchell, and Helen Frankenthaler: Five Painters and the Movement That Changed Modern Art''. The best-selling book ignited interest in the underappreciated women of abstract expressionism and in women artists, generally. On April 24, 2019, ''The Hollywood Reporter'' published an exclusive, reporting that Amazon Studios had optioned Gabriel's book for

Amy Sherman-Palladino Amy Sherman-Palladino (born January 17, 1966) is an American television writer, director, and producer. She is the creator of the comedy-drama series ''Gilmore Girls'', ''Bunheads'', and ''The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel''. Sherman-Palladino has rece ...

and

Daniel Palladino Daniel Palladino is an American television executive producer, screenwriter, and director. He is best known for his work on the television series ''The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel'' (2017–present), which earned him a WGA Award, two PGA Awards, and fo ...

to develop into a series. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) also developed an art history class called "Ninth Street Women: The Women of Abstract Expressionism," which assigned Gabriel's book as a text to the influential women artists in the 9th Street Show.

Related exhibitions

* In 2006, New York City's Findlay Fine Art Gallery had a well-researched exhibition honoring the lesser known artists that were included in the 9th Street Art Exhibition. * In 2016, the Denver Art Museum opened "Women of Abstract Expressionism," featuring more than 50 major paintings by 1940s and 1950s women of abstract expressionism. * In 2016, Hauser Wirth & Schimmel, a gallery in Los Angeles, made its debut with “Revolution in the Making: Abstract Sculpture by Women, 1947–2016.” In a review of the Denver show, ''Hyperallergic'''s Yasmeen Siddiqui notes that "Women of Abstract Expressionism" Challenges the Canon But Is Only the Beginning.

External links

Articles

The Neighbors of Ninth Street, 2020

Posters

''9th St. Art Exhibition poster, 1951''''Second Annual Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture, The Stable Gallery poster, 1953''

Videos

''9th Street Art Exhibition-abstract expressionist artists reminisce''''Beginning of the New York School 1950s-Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s''''James Brooks Abstract Expressionism-New York School 1950s action painting''''Nicolas Carone-Abstract Expressionism-Artist of the 9th St. Show''''Perle Fine Abstract Expressionism-1950s New York action painter''''Albert Kotin Abstract Expressionism 1950s-New York School 1950s action painting''''Conrad Marca-Relli Abstract Expressionism 1950s-New York School collage-painter''''Joe Stefanelli Abstract Expressionism 1950s-New York School 1950s''

Notes and references

{{Reflist, 30em 1951 in art 1951 in New York City 1950s in Manhattan Abstract expressionism Art exhibitions in the United States Art in New York City Contemporary art exhibitions Cultural history of New York City Culture of Manhattan Events in New York City Greenwich Village June 1951 events in the United States May 1951 events in the United States Tourist attractions in Manhattan