77th Field Artillery Regiment

The 77th Field Artillery Regiment is a field artillery regiment of the United States Army. First constituted 1916 in the Regular Army as a cavalry regiment. Reorganized in 1917 as field artillery and given its current designation.

History

Constituted 1 July 1916 in the Regular Army as the 19th Cavalry.

Organized 23 May-11 June 1917 at Fort Ethan Allen, Vermont.

Converted and redesignated 1 November 1917 as the 77th Field Artillery.

Assigned 19 November 1917 to the 4th Division.

Inactivated 21 September 1921 at Camp Lewis, Washington.

Relieved 24 March 1923 from assignment to the 4th Division and assigned to the 7th Division.

Relieved 1 January 1930 from assignment to the 7th Division and assigned to the 4th Division.

(1st Battalion activated 1 January 1935 at Fort Sill, Oklahoma).

Activated (less 1st Battalion) 1 November 1935 at Fort D. A. Russell, Texas.

Relieved 16 October 1939 from assignment to the 4th Division.

Regiment broken up 24 February 1944 and its elements reorganized and redesignated as follows: Headquarters and Headquarters Battery as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 77th Field Artillery Group; 1st and 2d Battalions as the 634th and 631st Field Artillery Battalions, respectively.

After 24 February 1944 the above units underwent changes as follows:

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 77th Field Artillery Group, inactivated 25 September 1945 in Italy
Activated 27 August 1951 at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
Inactivated 25 September 1956 at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.

634th Field Artillery Battalion redesignated 15 May 1945 as the 77th Field Artillery Battalion
Inactivated 4 January 1946 at Camp Kilmer, New Jersey.

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 77th Field Artillery Battalion, redesignated 1 August 1946 as the 77th Field Artillery Battery and activated at Fort Winfield Scott, California (organic elements of the 77th Field Artillery Battalion concurrently disbanded).

77th Field Artillery Battery inactivated 25 November 1946 at Fort Winfield Scott, California. Redesignated 19 March 1948 as the 77th Armored Field Artillery Battery. Redesignated 1 February 1949 as the 77th Field Artillery Battery and activated in Austria. Inactivated 31 July 1955 in Austria. Redesignated 20 December 1956 as Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 634th Field Artillery Rocket Battalion (organic elements of former 77th Field Artillery Battalion concurrently reconstituted as elements of the 634th Field Artillery Rocket Battalion) Battalion activated 1 January 1957 at Fort Hood, Texas. Inactivated 26 June 1958 at Fort Hood, Texas

631st Field Artillery Battalion inactivated 8 September 1945 in Italy. Redesignated 4 November 1946 as the 85th Field Artillery Battalion. Assigned 1 July 1948 to the 10th Infantry Division and activated at Fort Riley, Kansas. Inactivated 1 July 1957 in Germany and relieved from assignment to the 10th Infantry Division

Headquarters and Headquarters Battery, 77th Field Artillery Group; 634th Field Artillery Rocket Battalion; and the 85th Field Artillery Battalion consolidated 27 June 1958 to form the 77th Artillery, a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System

Redesignated 1 September 1971 as the 77th Field Artillery.

Withdrawn 17 August 1986 from the Combat Arms Regimental System and reorganized under the United States Army Regimental System.

Redesignated 1 October 2005 as the 77th Field Artillery Regiment. Beginning in 2009, battalions from the 77th FA regiment deployed to Afghanistan with the 4th Brigade Combat Team, 4th Infantry Division. 2-77 FA has continued to deploy with the 4th Infantry Division every two years since 2009.

Distinctive unit insignia

*Description
A Gold color metal and enamel device 1 1/8 inches (2.86 cm) in height overall consisting of a shield blazoned as follows: Gules, five fleurs-de-lis, three and two, Or; on a chief dovetailed at the last a prickly pear cactus Proper; and attached below the shield a Gold scroll inscribed “EN GARDE” in Red.
*Symbolism
The shield is red for artillery. The yellow dovetailed chief symbolizes the formation of the organization from cavalry. The cactus indicates service as cavalry on the Mexican border. The five fleurs-de-lis signify the five major engagements in France in World War I as artillery.
*Background
The distinctive unit insignia was originally approved for the 77th Field Artillery Regiment on 10 December 1929. It was redesignated for the 634th Field Artillery Battalion on 28 July 1944. It was redesignated for the 77th Artillery Regiment on 16 December 1958. It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971, for the 77th Field Artillery Regiment. The insignia was amended to update and clarify the description and symbolism on 12 August 1985.

Coat of arms

*Blazon
**Shield: Gules, five fleurs-de-lis, three and two, Or; on a chief dovetailed of the last a prickly pear cactus Proper.
**Crest: On a wreath of the colors, Or and Gules, a mount Vert supporting a falcon Proper.
**Motto: EN GARDE (On Guard).
*Symbolism
**Shield: The shield is red for artillery. The yellow dovetailed chief symbolizes the formation of the organization from cavalry. The cactus indicates service as cavalry on the Mexican border. The five fleurs-de-lis signify the five major engagements in France in World War I as artillery.
**Crest: The crest is taken from the arms of Montfaucon, as most of the 77th Field Artillery was there when the Armistice was signed.
*Background: The coat of arms was originally approved for the 77th Field Artillery Regiment on 10 December 1929. It was redesignated for the 634th Field Artillery Battalion on 28 July 1944. It was redesignated for the 77th Artillery Regiment on 16 December 1958. It was redesignated effective 1 September 1971, for the 77th Field Artillery Regiment. The insignia was amended to clarify the symbolism on 12 August 1985.

Current configuration

* 1st Battalion, 77th Field Artillery Regiment, 41st Field Artillery Brigade
* 2nd Battalion, 77th Field Artillery Regiment, 4th Infantry Division
* 3rd Battalion, 77th Field Artillery Regiment,
* 4th Battalion, 77th Field Artillery Regiment, Inactive since 1991. Last assigned to 41st Field Artillery Brigade. Babenhausen, Hessen, Germany.
* 5th Battalion, 77th Field Artillery Regiment,
* 6th Battalion, 77th Field Artillery Regiment,

Campaign participation credit

*World War I: Aisne-Marne; St. Mihiel; Meuse-Argonne; Champagne 1918; Lorraine 1918
*World War II: Sicily (with arrowhead); Naples-Foggia; Anzio; Rome-Arno; Southern France (with arrowhead); North Apennines; Rhineland; Ardennes-Alsace; Central Europe; Po Valley
*Vietnam: Defense; Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase II; Counteroffensive, Phase III; Tet Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase IV; Counteroffensive, Phase V; Counteroffensive, Phase VI; Tet 69/Counteroffensive; Summer-Fall 1969; Winter-Spring 1970; Sanctuary Counteroffensive; Counteroffensive, Phase VII; Consolidation I; Consolidation II
*War on Terrorism: Global War on Terrorism; Iraq; Afghanistan

Decorations

*Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered PLEIKU PROVINCE
*Presidential Unit Citation (Army), Streamer embroidered SUOI TRE
*Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered FISH HOOK
*Valorous Unit Award, Streamer embroidered VIETNAM 1971

See also

* Field Artillery Branch (United States)
* U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps

References

* https://web.archive.org/web/20110722213552/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Heraldry/ArmyDUISSICOA/ArmyHeraldryUnit.aspx?u=3454

External links

* http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/fa/default.htm
* http://www.77fa.org/

{{Artillery Regiments (United States)

077
Military units and formations established in 1916