''60 Minutes'' is an American television news magazine broadcast on the CBS television network. Debuting in 1968, the program was created by Don Hewitt and Bill Leonard (journalist), Bill Leonard, who chose to set it apart from other news programs by using a unique style of reporter-centered investigation. In 2002, ''60 Minutes'' was ranked number six on ''TV Guide''s list of the "TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time, 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time", and in 2013, it was ranked number 24 on the magazine's list of the "60 Best Series of All Time". ''The New York Times'' has called it "one of the most esteemed news magazines on American television". Originally airing in 1968, the program began as a bi-weekly television show hosted on CBS hosted by Mike Wallace and Harry Reasoner. The two sat on opposite sides of the cream-colored set, though the set's color was later changed to black, the color still used today. The show used a large stopwatch during transition periods and highlighted its topics through chroma key—both techniques are still used today. In 1972, the program began airing from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time Zone, Eastern time, although this time was sometimes disrupted by broadcasting of National Football League, NFL games on Sundays. Since then, the show has generally kept the Sunday evening format, although the start time has occasionally been shifted. The program now generally starts at 7:00 p.m. Eastern. If sports programming is airing that afternoon, ''60 Minutes'' starts at 7:30 p.m. Eastern or at the game's conclusion. The show is hosted by several correspondents; none share screen time with each other. Full-time hosts include Lesley Stahl, Scott Pelley, Bill Whitaker (journalist), Bill Whitaker, and John Dickerson (journalist), John Dickerson. Several spinoffs of the show have been made, including international formats of the show.

Broadcast history

Early years

The program employed a magazine format similar to that of the Canadian program ''W5 (TV series), W5'', which had premiered two years earlier. It pioneered many of the most important investigative journalism procedures and techniques, including re-editing interviews, hidden cameras, and "gotcha journalism" visits to the home or office of an investigative subject. Similar programs sprang up in Australia and Canada during the 1970s, as well as on local television news. Initially, ''60 Minutes'' aired as a bi-weekly show hosted by Mike Wallace and Harry Reasoner debuting on September 24, 1968, and alternating weeks with other CBS News productions on Tuesday evenings at 10:00 p.m. Eastern Time Zone, Eastern Time. The first edition, described by Reasoner in the opening as a "kind of a magazine for television," featured the following segments: # A look inside the headquarters suites of presidential candidates Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey during their respective parties' national conventions that summer; # Commentary by European writers Malcolm Muggeridge, Peter von Zahn, and Luigi Barzini Jr. on the American electoral system; # A commentary by political humor columnist Art Buchwald; # An interview with then-United States Attorney General, Attorney General Ramsey Clark about police brutality; # "A Digression," a brief, scripted piece in which two silhouetted men (one of them Andy Rooney) discuss the presidential campaign; # An abbreviated version of an Academy Awards, Academy Award-winning short film by Saul Bass, ''Why Man Creates;'' and # A meditation by Wallace and Reasoner on the relation between perception and reality. Wallace said that the show aimed to "reflect reality". The first "magazine-cover" chroma key was a photo of two helmeted policemen (for the Clark interview segment). Wallace and Reasoner sat in chairs on opposite sides of the set, which had a cream-colored backdrop; the more famous black backdrop (which is still used ) did not appear until the following year. The logo was in Helvetica type with the word "Minutes" spelled in all lower-case letters; the logo most associated with the show (rendered in Square 721 type with "Minutes" spelled in uppercase) did not appear until about 1974. Further, to extend the magazine motif, the producers added a "Vol. xx, No. xx" to the title display on the chroma key; modeled after the volume and issue number identifications featured in print magazines, this was used until about 1971. The trademark stopwatch, however, did not appear on the inaugural broadcast; it would not debut until several episodes later. Alpo (pet food), Alpo dog food was the sole sponsor of the first program. Don Hewitt, who had been a producer of the ''CBS Evening News'' with Walter Cronkite, sought out Wallace as a stylistic contrast to Reasoner.Madsen, p. 14 According to one historian of the show, the idea of the format was to make the hosts the reporters, to always feature stories that were of national importance but focused upon individuals involved with, or in conflict with, those issues, and to limit the reports' airtime to around 13 minutes. However, the initial season was troubled by lack of network confidence, as the program did not garner ratings much higher than that of other CBS News documentaries. As a rule, during that era, news programming during prime time lost money; networks mainly scheduled public affairs (broadcasting), public affairs programs in prime time in order to bolster the prestige of their news departments, and thus boost ratings for the regular evening newscasts, which were seen by far more people than documentaries and the like. ''60 Minutes'' struggled under that stigma during its first three years. Changes to ''60 Minutes'' came fairly early in the program's history. When Reasoner left CBS to co-anchor American Broadcasting Company, ABC's ABC World News Tonight, evening newscast (he would return to CBS and ''60 Minutes'' in 1978), Morley Safer joined the team in 1970, and he took over Reasoner's duties of reporting less aggressive stories. However, when Richard Nixon began targeting press access and reporting, even Safer, formerly the CBS News bureau chief in Saigon and London, began to do "hard" investigative reports, and during the 1970–71 season alone, ''60 Minutes'' reported on cluster bombs, the South Vietnamese Army, draft dodgers, Nigeria, the Middle East, and Northern Ireland.Madsen, p. 15

Effects from the Prime Time Access Rule

By 1971, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) introduced the Prime Time Access Rule, which freed local network affiliates in the top 50 markets (in practice, the entire network) to take a half-hour of prime time from the networks on Mondays through Saturdays and one full hour on Sundays. Because nearly all affiliates found production costs for the FCC's intended goal of increased public affairs programming very high and the ratings (and by association, advertising revenues) low, making it mostly unprofitable, the FCC created an exception for network-authored news and public affairs shows. After a six-month hiatus in late 1971, CBS found a prime place for ''60 Minutes'' in a portion of that displaced time, 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Eastern (5:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m. Central Time Zone, Central Time) on Sundays in January 1972. This proved somewhat less than satisfactory, however, because in order to accommodate NFL on CBS, CBS' telecasts of late afternoon National Football League (NFL) football games, ''60 Minutes'' went on hiatus during the fall from 1972 to 1975 (and the summer of 1972). This took place because football telecasts were protected contractually from interruptions in the wake of the infamous "Heidi Game, Heidi Bowl" incident on NFL on NBC, NBC in November 1968. Despite the irregular scheduling, the program's hard-hitting reports attracted a steadily growing audience, particularly during the waning days of the Vietnam War and the gripping events of the Watergate scandal; at that time, few if any other major network news shows did in-depth investigative reporting to the degree carried out by ''60 Minutes.'' Eventually, during the summers of 1973 through 1975, CBS did allow the program back onto the prime time schedule proper, on Fridays in 1973 and Sundays the two years thereafter, as a replacement for programs aired during the regular television season. It was only when the FCC returned an hour to the networks on Sundays (for news or family programming), which had been taken away from them four years earlier, in a 1975 amendment to the Access Rule, that CBS finally found a viable permanent timeslot for ''60 Minutes''. When the family-oriented drama ''Three for the Road (TV series), Three for the Road'' ended after a 12-week run in the fall, the news magazine took its place at 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time (6:00 p.m. Central) on December 7, 1975. It has aired at that time since for 47 years , making it not only the longest-running prime time program currently in production, but also the television program (excluding daily programs such as evening newscasts or breakfast television, morning news-talk shows) broadcasting for the longest length of time at a single time period each week in U.S. television history. This move, and the addition of then-The White House, White House correspondent Dan Rather to the reporting team, made the program into a strong ratings hit and, eventually, a general cultural phenomenon. This was no less than a stunning reversal of the historically poor ratings performances of documentary programs on network television. By 1976, ''60 Minutes'' became the top-rated program on Sunday nights in the U.S. By 1979, it had achieved the #1 spot among all television programs in the Nielsen ratings, unheard of before for a news broadcast in prime time. This success translated into great profits for CBS; advertising rates increased from $17,000 per 30-second spot in 1975 to $175,000 in 1982. The program sometimes does not start until after 7:00 p.m. Eastern, due largely to CBS Sports live sporting events. At the conclusion of an NFL game, ''60 Minutes'' will air in its entirety and delay all subsequent programs. However, in the Pacific time zone, ''60 Minutes'' is always able to start at its scheduled time as live sports coverage ends earlier in the afternoon. The program's success has also led CBS Sports to schedule events (such as the final round of the Masters Tournament and the second round and regional final games of the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship, NCAA men's basketball tournament) leading into ''60 Minutes'' and the rest of the network's primetime lineup. Starting in the 2012–2013 season, in order to accommodate a new NFL scheduling policy that the second game of a doubleheader start at 4:25 p.m., CBS changed the scheduled start time of ''60 Minutes'' to 7:30 p.m. Eastern time (or game conclusion) for Eastern and Central Time Zone stations which are receiving a game in that window. The start time remains at 7:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific (or game conclusion if a late single game is airing in the eastern markets) on stations which are not broadcasting a late game in a given week (or for Western time zones even if a Doubleheader airs) .

Radio broadcast and Internet distribution

''60 Minutes'' is also simulcast on several former CBS Radio flagship stations such as KYW-AM, KYW in Philadelphia, WBBM (AM), WBBM in Chicago, WWJ (AM), WWJ in Detroit and KCBS (AM), KCBS in San Francisco all are owned by Audacy except for IHeartRadio, IHeartRadio's WBZ (AM), WBZ. When it airs locally on their sister CBS Television Network affiliate, even in the Central and Eastern time zones, the show is aired at the top of the hour at 7:00 p.m./6:00 p.m. Central (barring local sports play-by-play pre-emptions and breaking news coverage) no matter how long the show is delayed on CBS Television, resulting in radio listeners often hearing the show on those stations ahead of the television broadcast. An audio version of each broadcast without advertising began to be distributed via podcast and the iTunes Store, starting with the broadcast on September 23, 2007. Video from ''60 Minutes'' (including full episodes) is also made available for streaming several hours after the program's initial broadcast on CBSNews.com and Paramount+.

Format

''60 Minutes'' consists of three long-form news stories without superimposed graphics. There is a Television advertisement, commercial break between two stories. Each story is introduced from a set with a backdrop resembling pages from a magazine story on the same topic. The program undertakes its own investigations and follows up on investigations instigated by national newspapers and other sources. Unlike its most famous competitor ''20/20 (American TV program), 20/20'', as well as traditional local and national news programs, the ''60 Minutes'' journalists never share the screen with (or speak to) other ''60 Minutes'' journalists on camera at ''any'' time. This creates a strong psychological sense of intimacy between the journalist and the television viewer.

Reporting tone

''60 Minutes'' blends the probing journalism of the seminal 1950s CBS series ''See It Now'' with Edward R. Murrow (a show for which Hewitt served as the director for its first few years) and the personality profiles of another Murrow program, ''Person to Person''. In Hewitt's own words, ''60 Minutes'' blends "higher Murrow" and "lower Murrow".

"Point/Counterpoint" segment

For most of the 1970s, the program included ''Point/Counterpoint'', in which a liberalism, liberal and a conservatism, conservative commentator debated a particular issue. This segment originally featured James J. Kilpatrick representing the conservative side and Nicholas von Hoffman for the liberal, with Shana Alexander taking over for von Hoffman after he departed in 1974. The segment was an innovation that caught the public imagination as a live version of competing editorials. In 1979, Alexander asked Hewitt to raise the pay of $350 a week; Hewitt declined, and the segment ended. ''Point/Counterpoint'' was lampooned by the NBC comedy series ''Saturday Night Live'', which featured Jane Curtin and Dan Aykroyd as debaters, with Aykroyd announcing the topic, Curtin making an opening statement, then Aykroyd typically retorting with, "Jane, you ignorant slut" and Curtin with "Dan, you pompous ass"; in the film ''Airplane!'' (1980), in which the ''faux'' Kilpatrick argues in favor of the plane crashing stating "they bought their tickets, they knew what they were getting into"; and in an earlier sketch comedy film, ''The Kentucky Fried Movie'', where the segment was called "Count/Pointercount". A similar concept was revived briefly in March 2003, this time featuring Bob Dole and Bill Clinton, former opponents in the 1996 United States presidential election, 1996 presidential election. The pair agreed to do ten segments, called "Clinton/Dole" and "Dole/Clinton" in alternating weeks, but did not continue into the 2003–2004 fall television season. Reports indicated that the segments were considered too gentlemanly, in the style of the earlier "Point/Counterpoint", and lacked the feistiness of ''Crossfire (U.S. TV program), Crossfire''.

Andy Rooney segment

From 1978 to 2011, the program usually ended with a (usually light-hearted and humorous) commentary by Andy Rooney expounding on topics of wildly varying import, ranging from international politics, to economics, and to personal philosophy on everyday life. One recurring topic was measuring the amount of coffee in coffee cans. Rooney's pieces, particularly one in which he referred to actor Mel Gibson as a "wacko", on occasion led to complaints from viewers. In 1990, Rooney was suspended without pay for three months by then-CBS News President David Burke, because of the negative publicity around his saying that "too much alcoholic beverages, alcohol, too much food, drugs, homosexual unions, tobacco, cigarettes [are] all known to lead to premature death." He wrote an explanatory letter to a gay organization after being ordered not to do so. After only four weeks without Rooney, ''60 Minutes'' lost 20% of its audience. CBS management then decided that it was in the best interest of the network to have Rooney return immediately. Rooney published several books documenting his contributions to the program, including ''Years Of Minutes'' and ''A Few Minutes With Andy Rooney''. Rooney retired from ''60 Minutes'', delivering his final commentary on October 2, 2011; it was his 1,097th commentary over his 34-year career on the program. He died one month later on November 4, 2011. On November 13, 2011, ''60 Minutes'' featured an hour-long tribute to Rooney and his career, and included a rebroadcast of his final commentary segment.

Opening sequence

The opening sequence features a ''60 Minutes'' "magazine cover" with the show's trademark, an TAG Heuer, Aristo stopwatch, intercut with preview clips of the episode's stories. The sequence ends with each of the current correspondents and hosts introducing themselves. The last host who appears (currently Scott Pelley) then says, "Those stories tonight on ''60 Minutes''". When Rooney was a prominent fixture, the final line was "Those stories and Andy Rooney, tonight on ''60 Minutes''". Before that, and whenever Rooney did not appear, the final line was "Those stories and more, tonight on ''60 Minutes''". The stopwatch counts off each of the broadcast's 60 minutes, starting from zero at the beginning of each show. It is seen during the opening title sequence, before each commercial break, and at the tail-end of the closing credits, and each time it appears it displays (within reasonable accuracy) the elapsed time of the episode to that point. On October 29, 2006, the opening sequence changed from a black background, which had been used for over a decade, to white. Also, the gray background for the Aristo stopwatch in the "cover" changed to red, the color for the title text changed to white, and the stopwatch itself changed from the diagonal position it had been oriented in for 31 years to an upright position.

Web content

Videos and transcripts of ''60 Minutes'' editions, as well as clips that were not included in the broadcast are available on the program's website. In September 2010, the program launched a website called "60 Minutes Overtime", in which stories broadcast on-air are discussed in further detail. Previously the show had a partnership with Yahoo! for distribution of extra content.

Correspondents and hosts

Current correspondents and commentators

;Current hosts * Lesley Stahl (host, 1991–present, co-editor) * Scott Pelley (host, 2003–present) * Bill Whitaker (journalist), Bill Whitaker (host, 2014–present) ;Current part-time correspondents * Anderson Cooper (2006–present) (also at CNN) * Norah O'Donnell (2015–present) * Sharyn Alfonsi (2015–present) * Jon Wertheim (2017–present)

Former correspondents and hosts

;Former hosts * Mike Wallace ꝋ (host, 1968–2006; correspondence emeritus 2006–2008) * Harry Reasoner ꝋ (host, 1968–1970, 1978–1991) * Morley Safer ꝋ (part-time correspondent, 1968–1970; host, 1970–2016) * Dan Rather (part-time correspondent, 1968–1975; host, 1975–1981 and 2005–2006) (now at AXS TV) * Ed Bradley ꝋ (part-time correspondent, 1976–1981; host, 1981–2006) * Diane Sawyer (part-time correspondent, 1981–1984; host, 1984–1989) (now at ABC News) * Meredith Vieira (part-time correspondent, 1982–1985 and 1991–1993; host, 1990–1991) * Bob Simon ꝋ (1996–2015) * Christiane Amanpour (part-time correspondent, 1996–2000; host, 2000–2005) * Lara Logan (part-time correspondent, 2005–2012; host, 2012–2018) (now at Fox News Channel) * Steve Kroft (host, 1989–2019; co-editor, 2019) * John Dickerson (journalist), John Dickerson (2019–2021) ;Former part-time correspondents * Walter Cronkite ꝋ (1968–1981) * Charles Kuralt ꝋ (1968–1979) * Roger Mudd ꝋ (1968–1980) * Bill Plante ꝋ (1968–1995) * Eric Sevareid ꝋ (1968–1969) * John Hart (journalist), John Hart (1969–1975) (retired) * Bob Schieffer (1973–1996) * Morton Dean (1975–1979) (retired) * Marlene Sanders ꝋ (1978–1987) * Charles Osgood (1981–1994) (retired) * Forrest Sawyer (1985–1987) * Connie Chung (1990–1993) (retired) * Paula Zahn (1990–1999) * John Roberts (journalist), John Roberts (1992–2005) (now at Fox News Channel) * Russ Mitchell (1995–1998) (now at WKYC-TV, WKYC in Cleveland) * Carol Marin (1997–2002) * Bryant Gumbel (1998–2002) * Vicki Mabrey (1999-2005) * Katie Couric (2006–2011) * Charlie Rose (2008–2017) * Byron Pitts (2009–2013) (now at ABC News) * Sanjay Gupta (2011–2014) (now at CNN) * Alison Stewart (2012) * Clarissa Ward (2012–2015) (now at CNN) * Oprah Winfrey (2017–2018)

Commentators

Commentators for ''60 Minutes'' have included: * James J. Kilpatrick ꝋ (conservative debater, 1971–1979) * Nicholas von Hoffman ꝋ (liberal debater, 1971–1974) * Shana Alexander ꝋ (liberal debater, 1975–1979) * Andy Rooney ꝋ (commentator, 1978–2011) * Stanley Crouch ꝋ (commentator, 1996) * Molly Ivins ꝋ (liberal commentator, 1996) * P. J. O'Rourke ꝋ (conservative commentator, 1996) * Bill Clinton (liberal debater, 2003) * Bob Dole ꝋ (conservative debater, 2003) ꝋ = Deceased

Timeline

Ratings and recognition

Nielsen ratings

Based on viewership Nielsen ratings, ratings, ''60 Minutes'' is the most successful program in U.S. television history since it was moved into its present timeslot in 1975. For five seasons it was the year's top program, a feat matched by the situation comedy, sitcoms ''All in the Family'' and ''The Cosby Show'', and surpassed only by the reality competition series ''American Idol'', which had been the #1 show for eight consecutive seasons from the 2003–2004 television season up to the 2010–2011 season. ''60 Minutes'' was a top ten show for 23 seasons in a row (1977–2000), an unsurpassed record, and has made the Top 20 for every season since the 1976–1977 season, except from 2005 to 2008. ''60 Minutes'' first broke into the Nielsen Top 20 during the 1976–77 season. The following season, it was the fourth-most-watched program, and by the 1979–80 season, it was the number one show. During the 21st century, it remained among the top 20 programs in the Nielsen ratings, and the highest-rated news magazine. On November 16, 2008, the edition featuring an interview with President-elect Barack Obama, earned a total viewership of 25.1 million viewers. On October 6, 2013, the broadcast (which was delayed by 44 minutes that evening due to a Denver Broncos-Dallas Cowboys NFL game) drew 17.94 million viewers; retaining 63% of the 28.32 million viewers of its lead-in, and making it the most watched ''60 Minutes'' broadcast since December 16, 2012. On December 1, 2013, the broadcast (delayed 50 minutes due to a Broncos-Kansas City Chiefs game) was watched by 18.09 million viewers, retaining 66% of its NFL lead-in (which earned 28.11 million viewers during the 7:00 p.m. hour). On March 25, 2018, the edition featuring Stormy Daniels giving details on her alleged affair with President Donald Trump drew 22.1 million viewers, the most since the 2008 Obama interview. The broadcast was delayed due to the 2018 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament#Midwest Regional, NCAA men's basketball regional final on CBS between 2017-18 Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball team, Kansas and 2017-18 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team, Duke going to overtime.

Recognition

Emmy Awards

, ''60 Minutes'' had won a total of 138 Emmy Awards, a record unsurpassed by any other primetime program on U.S. television.

Peabody Awards

The program has won 20 Peabody Awards for segments including "All in the Family", an investigation into abuses by government and military contractors; "The CIA's Cocaine", which uncovered CIA involvement in drug smuggling, "Friendly Fire", a report on incidents of friendly fire in the Gulf War; "The Duke Rape Case", an investigation into accusations of rape at an off campus lacrosse team party in 2006, and "The Killings in Haditha", an investigation into the killing of Iraqi civilians by U.S. Marines.

Other awards

The show received an Investigative Reporter and Editor medal for their segment "The Osprey", documenting a Marine cover-up of deadly flaws in the V-22 Osprey aircraft.

Impact on innocent victims

In 1983, a report by Morley Safer, "Lenell Geter's in Jail", helped exonerate a Texas man who was wrongly convicted and imprisoned for armed robbery.

Longest-running primetime show

, ''60 Minutes'' holds the record for the longest continuously running program of any genre scheduled during American network prime time. It has aired at 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Sundays since December 7, 1975 (although since 2012, it moves to 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time on Sundays if a CBS affiliate has a late NFL game). Debuting in 1947, ''Meet the Press'' also aired in prime time, but it has been a daytime program since 1965. The Walt Disney anthology television series, which premiered in 1954, and the ''Hallmark Hall of Fame'', which has aired since 1951, have aired longer than ''60 Minutes'', but none of them has aired in prime time continually, as has ''60 Minutes''.

Controversies

The show has been praised for landmark journalism and received many awards. However, it has also become embroiled in some controversy, including (in order of appearance):

Unintended acceleration

On November 23, 1986, ''60 Minutes'' aired a segment greenlight, greenlit by Hewitt, concerning the Audi 5000 automobile, a popular Germany, German luxury car. The story covered a supposed problem of "unintended acceleration" when the brake pedal was pushed, with emotional interviews with six people who sued Audi (unsuccessfully) after they crashed their cars, including one woman whose six-year-old son had been killed. In the ''60 Minutes'' segment footage was shown of an Audi 5000 with the accelerator "moving down on its own", accelerating the car. It later emerged that an expert witness employed by one of the plaintiffs modified the accelerator with a concealed device, causing the "unintended acceleration". Independent investigators concluded that this "unintended acceleration" was most likely due to driver error, where the driver let their foot slip off the brake and onto the accelerator. Tests by Audi and independent journalists showed that even with the Wide open throttle, throttle wide open, the car would simply stall if the brakes were actually being used. The incident devastated Audi sales in the United States, which did not rebound for 15 years. The initial incidents which prompted the report were found by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and Transport Canada to have been attributable to operator error, where car owners had depressed the accelerator pedal instead of the brake pedal. CBS issued a partial retraction, without acknowledging the test results of involved government agencies. Years later, ''Dateline NBC'', a rival to ''60 Minutes'', was found guilty of similar tactics regarding the fuel tank integrity of Dateline NBC#General Motors vs. NBC, General Motors pickup trucks.

Jeep rollovers

A segment aired in December, 1980, concerning the alleged Jeep CJ, Jeep CJ-5 ''high rollover risk'' as demonstrated in Insurance Institute for Highway Safety testing. The demonstration was a Jeep rolling over during an extreme turn at 20 mph, something that would not cause other cars to roll over. It was deemed by ''60 Minutes'' reporters as the "most dangerous thing on four wheels". After the show aired, many people were concerned about the safety of the vehicle, and following sales plummeted. This tarnished the reputation of the Jeep CJ; the model was discontinued in 1986. Years after the incident occurred, it was found that the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety had attempted to roll the car 435 times, only having 8 rollovers. The show had also failed to mention/show that there were weights hanging on spots of the vehicle that had caused the vehicle to have a higher rollover risk.

Alar

In February 1989, ''60 Minutes'' aired a report by the Natural Resources Defense Council claiming that the use of daminozide (Alar) on apples presented an unacceptably high health risk to consumers. Apple sales dropped and CBS was sued unsuccessfully by apple growers. Alar was subsequently banned for use on food crops in the U.S. by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Werner Erhard

On March 3, 1991, ''60 Minutes'' broadcast "Werner Erhard," which dealt with controversies involving Erhard's personal and business life. A year after the ''60 Minutes'' piece aired, Erhard filed a lawsuit against CBS, claiming that the broadcast contained several "false, misleading and defamatory" statements about him. One month after filing the lawsuit, Erhard filed for dismissal.''Werner Erhard vs. Columbia Broadcasting System'', (Filed: March 3, 1992) Case Number: 1992-L-002687. Division: Law Division. District: First Municipal. Illinois Circuit Court of Cook County, Cook County Circuit Court, Chicago, Illinois. Erhard later told Larry King in an interview that he dropped the suit after receiving legal advice telling him that in order to win it, he had to prove not only that CBS knew the allegations were false but also that CBS acted with Malice (law), malice. After numerous independent journalists exposed untruths and factual inaccuracies in the story the segment was removed by CBS from its archives, with a disclaimer: "This segment has been deleted at the request of CBS News for legal or copyright reasons."

Brown & Williamson

In 1995, former Brown & Williamson Vice President for Research and Development Jeffrey Wigand provided information to ''60 Minutes'' producer Lowell Bergman that B&W had systematically hidden the health risks of their cigarettes (se
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. Furthermore, it was alleged that B&W had introduced foreign agents (such as Fiberglass#Health problems, fiberglass and Ammonia#Stimulant, ammonia) with the intent of enhancing the effect of nicotine. Bergman began to produce a piece based upon the information, but ran into opposition from Don Hewitt who, along with CBS lawyers, feared a billion dollar lawsuit from Brown and Williamson for tortious interference for encouraging Wigand to violate his non-disclosure agreement. A number of people at CBS would benefit from a sale of CBS to Westinghouse Electric (1886), Westinghouse Electric Corporation, including the head of CBS lawyers and CBS News. Also, because of the interview, the son of CBS President Laurence Tisch (who also controlled Lorillard Tobacco Company, Lorillard Tobacco) was among the people from the Big Tobacco, big tobacco companies at risk of being caught having committed perjury. Due to Hewitt's hesitation, ''The Wall Street Journal'' instead broke Wigand's story. The ''60 Minutes'' piece was eventually aired with substantially altered content and minus some of the most damning evidence against B&W. The Investigative journalism, exposé of the incident was published in an article in ''Vanity Fair (magazine), Vanity Fair'' by Marie Brenner, entitled "The Man Who Knew Too Much". ''The New York Times'' wrote that "the traditions of Edward R. Murrow and "60 Minutes" itself were diluted in the process," though the newspaper revised the quote slightly, suggesting that ''60 Minutes'' and CBS had "betrayed the legacy of Edward R. Murrow". The incident was turned into a seven-times Academy Awards, Oscar-nominated feature film entitled ''The Insider (film), The Insider'', directed by Michael Mann (director), Michael Mann and starring Russell Crowe as Wigand, Al Pacino as Bergman, and Christopher Plummer as Mike Wallace. Wallace denounced the portrayal of him as inaccurate to his stance on the issue.

U.S. Customs Service

In 1997, ''60 Minutes'' alleged that agents of the U.S. Customs Service ignored drug trafficking across the Mexico–United States border at San Diego. The only evidence was a memorandum apparently written by Rudy Camacho, who was the head of the San Diego branch office. Based on this memo, CBS alleged that Camacho had allowed trucks belonging to a particular firm to cross the border unimpeded. Mike Horner, a former Customs Service employee, had passed the memos on to ''60 Minutes'', and even provided a copy with an official stamp. Camacho was not consulted about the piece, and his career was devastated in the immediate term as his own department placed suspicion on him. In the end, it turned out that Horner had forged the documents as an act of revenge for his treatment within the Customs Service. Camacho sued CBS and settled for an undisclosed amount of money in damages. Hewitt was forced to issue an on-air retraction.

Kennewick Man

A legal battle between archaeologists and the Umatilla people, Umatilla tribe over the remains of a skeleton, nicknamed Kennewick Man, was reported by ''60 Minutes'' on October 25, 1998, to which the Umatilla tribe reacted negatively. The tribe considered the segment heavily biased in favor of the scientists, cutting out important arguments, such as explanations of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. The report focused heavily on the racial politics of the controversy and also added inflammatory arguments, such as questioning the legitimacy of Native Americans in the United States, Native American sovereignty – much of the racial focus of the segment was later reported to have been either unfounded and/or misinterpreted.

Timothy McVeigh

On March 12, 2000, ''60 Minutes'' aired an interview with Oklahoma City bombing, Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh. At the time, McVeigh had already been convicted and sentenced to death for the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in April 1995, and the subsequent deaths of 168 people. On the program, McVeigh was given the opportunity to vent against the government. Following the program, a federal policy called the Special Confinement Unit Media Policy was enacted prohibiting face-to-face interviews with death row inmates. A federal inmate challenged the policy in ''Hammer v. John Ashcroft, Ashcroft'', under which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit upheld the prison policy. In March 2010, the Supreme Court of the United States, United States Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal in the case, and the policy limiting media access to death row inmates remains in place. CBS refuses to show the entire interview, and has stated no reasons.

Viacom/CBS cross-promotion

In recent years, the program has been accused of promoting books, films, and interviews with celebrities who are published or promoted by sister businesses of media conglomerate Viacom (which owned CBS from 2000 to 2005 and since 2019; both companies' shares since 2000 were majority-owned by National Amusements even during their fourteen-year separation) and publisher Simon & Schuster (which remained a part of CBS Corporation after the 2005 CBS/Viacom split and continued on after its re-merger with Viacom), without disclosing the journalistic conflict-of-interest to viewers.

Killian documents controversy

The Killian documents controversy involved six documents critical of President George W. Bush's service in the Texas Air National Guard from 1972 to 1973. Four of these documents were presented as authentic in a ''60 Minutes Wednesday'' broadcast aired on September 8, 2004, less than two months before the 2004 United States presidential election, 2004 presidential election, but it was later found that CBS had failed to authenticate the documents. Subsequently, several typewriter and typography experts concluded the documents are forgeries, as have some media sources. No forensic document examiners or typography experts authenticated the documents, which may not be possible without original documents. The provider of the documents, Lt. Col. Bill Burkett, claimed to have burned the originals after faxing copies to CBS. The whole incident was turned into a feature-length film entitled ''Truth (2015 film), Truth''.

"The Internet Is Infected" episode and the false hacker photo

On March 29, 2009, a segment titled "The Internet Is Infected" aired on ''60 Minutes'', which featured an interview with Don Jackson, a data protection professional for Dell SecureWorks, SecureWorks. Jackson himself declared in the program that "a part of [his] job is to know the enemy". However, during the interview, Jackson showed a photo of Finnish upper-level comprehensive school pupils and misidentified them as Russian hackers. In the photo, one of the children wears a jacket with the Coat of Arms of Finland on it. Another one wears a cap which clearly has the logo of Karjala, a Finnish brand of beer, on it. The principal of the school in Taivalkoski confirmed that the photo was taken at the school about five years before the program was broadcast.. The photo's exact origins are unknown, but it is widely known in Finland, having been originally posted to the Finnish social networking site IRC-Galleria in the early 2000s. It spread all over Finnish internet communities, and even originated a couple of patriotically titled (but intentionally misspelled) mock sites. ''60 Minutes'' later issued a correction and on-air apology.

Benghazi report

Subsequent to the 2012 Benghazi attack, ''60 Minutes'' aired a report by correspondent Lara Logan on October 27, 2013, in which British military contractor Dylan Davies, identified by CBS under the pseudonym "Morgan Jones", described racing to the Benghazi compound several hours after the main assault was over, scaling a 12-foot wall and knocking out a lone fighter with the butt of a rifle. He also claimed to have visited a Benghazi hospital earlier that night where he saw Ambassador Christopher Stevens' body. In the days following the report, Davies' personal actions were challenged. The FBI, which had interviewed Davies several times and considered him a credible source, said the account Davies had given them was different from what he told ''60 Minutes''. Davies stood by his story, but the inconsistency ultimately prompted ''60 Minutes'' to conclude it was a mistake to include Davies in their report and a correction was issued. Following the correction, a journalistic review was conducted by Al Ortiz, CBS News' executive director of standards and practices. He determined that red flags about Davies' account were missed. Davies had said to the program and written in his book that he told an alternative version of his actions to his employer, who he said had demanded that he stay inside his Benghazi villa as the attack unfolded. That alternative version was shared with US authorities and 60 Minutes was unable to prove the story Davies had told them was true. Davies' book, ''The Embassy House'', was published two days after the ''60 Minutes'' report, by Threshold Editions, part of the Simon and Schuster unit of CBS. It was pulled from shelves once ''60 Minutes'' issued its correction. On November 26, 2013, Lara Logan was forced to take a leave of absence due to the errors in the Benghazi report. Logan returned to work months later.

NSA report

On December 15, 2013, ''60 Minutes'' aired a report on the National Security Agency (NSA) that was widely criticized as false and a "puff piece". The story was reported by John Miller (journalist), John Miller, who once worked in the office of the Director of National Intelligence.

Tesla automaker report

On March 30, 2014, ''60 Minutes'' presented a story on the Tesla Model S luxury electric automobile, with Scott Pelley conducting an interview with CEO Elon Musk concerning the car brand as well as his company SpaceX. Within a day, the automotive weblog, blog site Jalopnik reported that the sounds accompanying footage of the car shown during the story were actually sounds from a traditional gasoline engine dubbed over the footage, when in reality the electric car makes no such sounds. CBS released a statement explaining that the sound was the result of an audio editing error, and subsequently removed the sound from the online version of the piece. However, several news outlets, as well as Jalopnik itself, expressed doubt over the authenticity of this explanation, noting the similar scandal involving Tesla, Inc., Tesla Motors and the ''New York Times'' in 2013.

Sexual harassment

After the resignation of CBS news head Les Moonves, an investigation into sexual harassment at CBS, including ''60 Minutes'', uncovered evidence of long-running sexual harassment issues stemming from behavior of producers Jeff Fager and Don Hewitt.

Florida COVID-19 vaccine rollout

In April 2021, Sharyn Alfonsi's story in ''60 Minutes'' on Florida Governor Ron DeSantis and the state's COVID-19 vaccine rollout faced criticism for suggesting that a donation by the supermarket chain Publix to DeSantis' re-election campaign influenced Florida's partnership with Publix stores for vaccine distribution. Subsequently, Palm Beach County, Florida, Palm Beach County Mayor Dave Kerner accused ''60 Minutes'' of reporting "intentionally false" information, while Karol Markowicz of the New York Post characterized Alfonsi as coming off as a "political activist" in the segment. A spokesperson for ''60 Minutes'' defended the story for having included DeSantis' response to the accusation. PolitiFact stated that by omitting DeSantis' remarks on why the state partnered with Publix to distribute vaccines, the clip could be considered to be "deceptive editing".

Facial recognition report

On May 16, 2021, Anderson Cooper's story in ''60 Minutes'' on the flaws in facial recognition technology used by the police resulting in incorrect identification of people of color received backlash for denying credit to the black female researchers who pioneered the field. The segment was criticized by the Algorithmic Justice League for "deliberately excluding the groundbreaking and award-winning work of prominent black women AI researchers Joy Buolamwini, Timnit Gebru, Dr. Timnit Gebru, and Deborah Raji, Inioluwa Deborah Raji". The segment was called out for its hypocrisy for failing to credit black women for their pioneering work in a segment highlighting how facial recognition software often leaves out black, Asian, and female faces. CBS later issued a statement explaining that these researchers were not included due to time restrictions of the segment.

Spin-offs

The main ''60 Minutes'' show has created a number of spin-offs over the years.

''30 Minutes''

''30 Minutes'' was a news magazine aimed at children that was patterned after ''60 Minutes'', airing as the final program in CBS's Saturday morning lineup from 1978 to 1982. It was hosted by Christopher Glenn (who also served as the voice-over for the interstitial program ''In the News'' and was an anchor on the CBS Radio Network), along with Betsy Aaron (1978–1980) and Betty Ann Bowser (1980–1982).

''60 Minutes More''

''60 Minutes More'' was a spin-off that ran for one season from 1996 to 1997 on the channel CBS Eye on People. The episodes featured popular stories from the past that were expanded with updates on the original story. Each episode featured three of these segments.

''60 Minutes II''

In 1999, a second edition of ''60 Minutes'' was started in the United States, titled ''60 Minutes II''. This edition was later renamed ''60 Minutes'' for the fall of 2004 in an effort to sell it as a high-quality program, since some had sarcastically referred to it as ''60 Minutes, Jr.'' CBS News president Andrew Heyward said, "the Roman numeral II created some confusion on the part of the viewers and suggested a watered-down version". However, a widely known controversy which came to be known as "Killian documents controversy, Rathergate", regarding a report that aired on September 8, 2004, caused another name change. The program was retitled ''60 Minutes Wednesday'' both to differentiate itself and to avoid tarnishing the Sunday edition, as the editions were editorially independent from one another. It reverted to its original Roman numeral title on July 8, 2005, when the program moved to Fridays in an 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time slot to finish its run. The show aired its final broadcast on September 2, 2005.

''60 Minutes on CNBC''

In 2011, CNBC began airing a ''60 Minutes'' spin-off of its own, called ''60 Minutes on CNBC''. Hosted by Lesley Stahl and Steve Kroft, it aired updated business-related reports seen on the original broadcasts and offers footage that was not included when the segments first aired. It ended in 2015.

''60 Minutes Sports''

In 2013, CBS's sister premium television network Showtime (TV network), Showtime premiered ''60 Minutes Sports'', a monthly spin-off focused on sports-related stories and classic interviews from the show's archives. Personalities from CBS Sports also contributed to the program. The spin-off was considered to be a competitor to HBO's ''Real Sports'', and was cancelled in January 2017.

''60 in 6''

In June 2020, the show launched ''60 in 6'' on Quibi, featuring original weekly 6-minute programs. Correspondents are Enrique Acevedo, Seth Doane, Wesley Lowery, and Laurie Segall. It had originally been announced to launch in April 2020. On the June 21, 2020 broadcast of 60 in 6, Seth Doane covered the show's exposure to COVID-19 in a piece titled ''CBS News Battles COVID-19''. The piece mentions that CBS News flew in staffers, including those located in Seattle, Washington, Seattle and Rome, Italy, Rome in early March 2020 to begin filming promotional material for 60 in 6. This brought COVID-19 positive individuals in close contact with CBS employees and resulted in the shutdown of multiple buildings located in Manhattan, including the CBS Broadcast Center.

''60 Minutes+''

In March 2021, Paramount+ premiered ''60 Minutes+'', a weekly spin-off aimed at a younger audience. The correspondents from ''60 in 6'' returned for this spin-off, as well as producer Jonathan Blakely. In January 2022, it was announced that the show was cancelled after 30 episodes.

25th anniversary edition

For the ''60 Minutes'' 25th anniversary in 1993, Charles Kuralt interviewed Don Hewitt, the active correspondents, some former correspondents, and revisited notable stories and celebrities.

International versions

Australia

The Australian version of ''60 Minutes'' premiered on February 11, 1979. It still airs each Sunday night at 7:30 p.m. on the Nine Network and affiliates. Although Nine Network has the rights to the format, , it does not have rights to stories from the U.S. program, which is owned by competitor 10 News First, 10 News Australia after Network Ten's acquisition by CBS in 2017. Nevertheless, stories from the flagship ''60 Minutes'' program in the U.S. often air on the Australian program by subleasing them from Ten. In 1981, ''60 Minutes'' won a Logie Award for their investigation of lethal abuses at the Chelmsford psychiatric hospital in Sydney.

Germany

In the mid-1980s, an edited version (approx. 30 minutes in length) of the U.S. broadcast edition of ''60 Minutes'', entitled "60 Minutes: CBS im Dritten" ("60 Minutes: CBS on Channel 3") was shown for a time on West German television. This version retained the English-language soundtrack of the original, but also featured German dubbed.

New Zealand

The New Zealand version of ''60 Minutes'' has aired on national television since 1989, when it was originally launched on TV3 (New Zealand), TV3. In 1992, the rights were acquired by TVNZ, who began broadcasting it in 1993. The network aired the program for nine years before dropping it in 2002 for its own program, entitled ''Sunday'', which is currently the highest-rated current affairs show broadcast on New Zealand television, followed by ''20/20 (New Zealand television series), 20/20''. ''60 Minutes'' was broadcast by rival network TV3, before switching to the Sky Television owned Prime channel in 2013, when the contract changed hands.

Brazil

In 1992, the GNT channel (now GloboNews) brought its original version with dubbed subtitles from that country. And later, in 2004, Rede Bandeirantes, planned a licensed localized version, but the plan was cancelled. And even so that year, it returned as a frame, i.e. a rubric in the program ''Domingo Espetacular'' on Rede Record, a competitor of Rede Globo's program ''Fantástico''.

Portugal

SIC Notícias acquired the broadcasting rights to the program in 2001. The original episodes were shown in Portugal with introductory and final comments by journalist Mário Crespo, who conducted the program until 2014. It is presently hosted by anchors of the aforementioned network on a rotational basis, who eventually adopted the previous model.

Chile

The news program of Televisión Nacional de Chile, National Broadcasting of Chile (TVN), the public television network in that country, was named ''60 Minutos'' ("60 Minutes") from 1975 to 1988, but the program had no association with the US version and no investigative reporting.

Other versions

* A Mexico, Mexican version, which featured Juan Ruiz Healy serving as anchor, aired in the late 1970s and 1980s. * A Peruvian version aired in the early 1980s, called ''60 Minutos''. However, in the late 1980s there was also a similarly named series, but unrelated to the series produced by CBS News. * Edited reruns of ''60 Minutes'' interviews have aired on various cable channels in the United States, including TV Land and ESPN Classic. * In Thailand, ''60 Minutes (Thailand)'' was broadcast on Modernine TV, TV 9 (from 1995 to 1997) and Channel 7 (Thailand), BBTV Channel 7 (from 1999 to 2001). * In Catalonia, ''60 Minutes'' has been broadcast by TV3 (Catalonia) for 27 seasons. * In France, M6 (TV channel), M6 launched ''66 minutes'' in 2006, a television magazine with a similar concept and format.

Citations

General and cited source s

* ''Who's Who in America 1998'', "Hewitt, Don S." Marquis Who's Who: New Providence, NJ, 1998. p. 1925. * ''Who's Who in America 1998'', "Wallace, Mike." Marquis Who's Who: New Providence, NJ, 1998. p. 4493. * Madsen, Axel. ''60 Minutes: The Power and the Politics of America's Most Popular TV News Show.'' Dodd, Mead and Company: New York City, 1984.

External links

* * *
''Booknotes'' interview with Don Hewitt on ''Tell Me a Story: 50 Years and 60 Minutes in Television'', April 1, 2001.

60 Minutes+ on Paramount+
* Episode

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