The COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia was a part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 () caused by

severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), the respiratory illness responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The virus previously had a ...

(). The virus was confirmed to have reached

Zambia Zambia (), officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Central, Southern and East Africa, although it is typically referred to as being in Southern Africa at its most central point. Its neighbours are t ...

in March 2020. __TOC__

Background

On 12 January 2020 the

World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health. The WHO Constitution states its main objective as "the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of ...

br>(WHO
confirmed that a

novel coronavirus Novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a provisional name given to coronaviruses of medical significance before a permanent name is decided upon. Although coronaviruses are endemic in humans and infections normally mild, such as the common cold (caused by ...

was the cause of a

respiratory illness Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea, bronchi, bron ...

in a cluster of people in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, which was reported to the WHO on 31 December 2019. The

case fatality ratio In epidemiology, case fatality rate (CFR) – or sometimes more accurately case-fatality risk – is the proportion of people diagnosed with a certain disease, who end up dying of it. Unlike a disease's mortality rate, the CFR does not take int ...

for COVID-19 has been much lower than SARS of 2003, but the transmission has been significantly greater, with a significant total death toll. Model-based simulations for Zambia suggest that the 95% confidence interval for the time-varying reproduction number ''R_t'' exceeded 1.0 in November and December 2020.

Timeline

March 2020

* As of 17 March, the government had shut all educational institutions and put in place some restrictions on foreign travel. Zambia reported its first 2 cases of

COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by a virus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The disease quickly ...

in Lusaka on 18 March. The patients were a couple that had travelled to

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

on holiday. A third case was recorded on 22 March. The patient was a man who had travelled to

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 243 million people, and has the world's second-lar ...

. On 25 March, President

Edgar Lungu Edgar Chagwa Lungu (born 11 November 1956) is a Zambian politician who served as the sixth president of Zambia from 25 January 2015 to 24 August 2021. Under President Michael Sata, Lungu served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Defence. ...

confirmed a total of 12 cases during a live national address. * During March, 36 persons tested positive. All 36 cases remained active at the end of the month.

April to June 2020

* Zambia recorded its first death on 2 April. In total during the month, 70 persons tested positive and three died. The number of confirmed cases since the start of the outbreak reached 106. The number of active cases at the end of the month was 48 (an increase by 33% from March). * By 5 May, the number of COVID-19 deaths had risen to four. * As of 22 May, Zambia recorded 920 COVID-19 positive cases against 20,011 people screened and tested. The president Edgar Lungu confirmed that the country had recorded 7 deaths and a total number of 336 recoveries. * On 23 May, Information Minister Dora Siliya tested positive for COVID-19. * By 27 May, Zambia had recorded a total of 137 new cases in the previous five days, bringing the total to 1,057. Secretary to the Cabinet in Zambia, Dr. Simon Miti, confirmed that the country had recorded 443 recoveries over the previous five days bringing the total to 779. The recorded deaths remained at 7 and the active cases were at 271. * On 23 June, the country approved an eight billion kwacha (US$439 million) economic stimulus package through a COVID-19 bond. * In June there were 437 confirmed cases, bringing the total number of confirmed cases since the start of the outbreak to 1,594. The death toll rose to 24. By the end of the month there were 241 active cases, a decrease by 11% from the end of May.

July to September 2020

* There were 4,369 new cases in July, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 5,963. The death toll rose by 127 to 151. The total number of recovered patients reached 3,803. There were 2,009 active cases at the end of the month. * On 19 August, the Vice President of Zambia,

Inonge Wina Inonge Mutukwa Wina (born 2 April 1941) is a Zambian politician who served as the 13th vice-president of Zambia from 2015 to 2021. She was the first woman to hold the position, which made her the highest ranking woman in the history of the Za ...

tested positive for COVID-19. The number of confirmed cases more than doubled on August, to 12,097. The death toll increased to 288. There were 340 active cases at the end of the month. * There were 2,618 new cases in September, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 14,715. The death toll rose to 332. The number of recovered patients increased to 13,937, leaving 446 active cases at the end of the month.

October to December 2020

* There were 1,417 new cases in October, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 16,432. The death toll rose to 349. The number of recovered patients increased to 15,680, leaving 403 active cases at the end of the month. * There were 1,215 new cases in November, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 17,647. The death toll rose to 357. The number of recovered patients increased to 16,998, leaving 292 active cases at the end of the month. * The

501.V2 variant The Beta variant, (B.1.351), was a variant of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. One of several SARS-CoV-2 variants initially believed to be of particular importance, it was first detected in the Nelson Mandela Bay metropolitan are ...

was detected in Zambia on 30 December. There were 3,078 new cases in December, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 20,725. The death toll rose to 388. The number of recovered patients increased to 18,660, leaving 1,677 active cases at the end of the month.

January to March 2021

* There were 33,492 new cases in January, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 54,217. The death toll nearly doubled to 763. The number of recovered patients increased to 48 thousand, leaving 5,454 active cases at the end of the month. * There were 24,317 new cases in February, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 78,534. The death toll rose to 1,091. The number of recovered patients increased to 74,498, leaving 2,945 active cases at the end of the month. * There were 9,884 new cases in March, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 88,418. The death toll rose to 1,208. The number of recovered patients increased to 84,592, leaving 2,618 active cases at the end of the month.

April to June 2021

* There were 3,252 new cases in April, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 91,670. The death toll rose to 1,251. The number of recovered patients increased to 90,012, leaving 407 active cases at the end of the month. * There were 4,151 new cases in May, taking the total number of confirmed cases to 95,821. The death toll rose to 1,282. The number of recovered patients increased to 92,039, leaving 2,500 active cases at the end of the month. * There were 59,127 new cases in June, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 154,948. The death toll rose to 2,199. The number of recovered patients increased to 131,792, leaving 20,957 active cases at the end of the month.

July to September 2021

* There were 40,868 new cases in July, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 195,816. The death toll rose to 3,389. The number of recovered patients increased to 187,236, leaving 5,191 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 149,016. * There were 10,491 new cases in August, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 206,327. The death toll rose to 3,602. The number of recovered patients increased to 201,124, leaving 1,601 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 269,513. * There were 2,719 new cases in September, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 209,046. The death toll rose to 3,648. The number of recovered patients increased to 204,983, leaving 415 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 409,481.

October to December 2021

* There were 688 new cases in October, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 209,734. The death toll rose to 3,661. The number of recovered patients increased to 205,960, leaving 113 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 535,918. * There were 435 new cases in November, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 210,169. The death toll rose to 3,667. The number of recovered patients increased to 206,406, leaving 96 active cases at the end of the month. * On 4 December, Minister of Health,

Sylvia Masebo Sylvia Masebo (born March 7, 1963) is a Zambian entrepreneur, politician, and National Assembly of Zambia representative for Chongwe constituency with the United Party for National Development (UPND). Sylvia Masebo holds a degree in Banking and F ...

, disclosed the

Omicron variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) is a variant of SARS-CoV-2 first reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) by the Network for Genomics Surveillance in South Africa on 24 November 2021. It was first detected in Botswana and has spread to become the ...

had been detected in three people in the country. * There were 44,105 new cases in December, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 254,274. The death toll rose to 3,734. The number of recovered patients increased to 219,794, leaving 30,746 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 1.2 million. Modelling by WHO's Regional Office for Africa suggests that due to under-reporting, the true cumulative number of infections by the end of 2021 was around 8.5 million while the true number of COVID-19 deaths was around 6,080.

January to March 2022

* There were 50,773 new cases in January, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 305,047. The death toll rose to 3,917. The number of recovered patients increased to 297,972, leaving 3,158 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 1.7 million. * There were 7,703 new cases in February, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 312,750. The death toll rose to 3,952. The number of recovered patients increased to 307,102, leaving 1,696 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 1.9 million. * There were 4,100 new cases in March, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 316,850. The death toll rose to 3,966. The number of recovered patients increased to 312,136, leaving 748 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 2.2 million.

April to June 2022

* There were 2,883 new cases in April, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 319,733. The death toll rose to 3,976. The number of recovered patients increased to 315,177, leaving 580 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 2.4 million. * There were 1,831 new cases in May, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 321,564. The death toll rose to 3,986. The number of recovered patients increased to 317,036, leaving 542 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 3.3 million. * There were 4,293 new cases in June, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 325,857. The death toll rose to 4,006. The number of recovered patients increased to 320,594, leaving 1,257 active cases at the end of the month. The number of fully vaccinated persons stood at 4.5 million.

July to September 2022

* There were 3,626 new cases in July, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 329,483. The death toll rose to 4,015. The number of recovered patients increased to 324,039, leaving 1,429 active cases at the end of the month. * There were 3,591 new cases in August, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 333,074. The death toll rose to 4,017. * There were 476 new cases in September, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 333,550. The death toll remained unchanged.

October to December 2022

* There were 131 new cases in October, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 333,681. The death toll remained unchanged. * There were 65 new cases in November, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 333,746. The death toll rose to 4,019. * There were 832 new cases in December, bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 334,578. The death toll rose to 4,024.

Statistics

New cases per day

Deaths per day

Impact on education

On 17 March 2020, the Zambian government announced that all schools, colleges and universities would be closed on Friday 20 March. General Education Minister David Mabumba announced that the

Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation The Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) is a Zambian television and radio station, formerly state owned, now technically a statutory body but still essentially under government control. It is the oldest, widest, and largest radio and ...

- ZNBC - would open a channel dedicated to the provision of education during the closure of schools. Mr. Mabumba said that the new ZNBC channel would start on 13 April. Mr Mabumba said for those who cannot access Television there would be other educational programs on radio. The minister said government would further introduce e-learning and other measures to allow pupils access to education.

References

{{COVID-19 pandemic

coronavirus pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identifie ...

Disease outbreaks in Zambia