2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer
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{{SCOTUS-justice-listframe , firstname=Stephen , lastname=Breyer , image=File:Stephen Breyer, SCOTUS photo portrait.jpg , term=2018 , tenurecount=twenty-fifth , startdate=October 1, 2018 , enddate=October 6, 2019 , majority=8 , concurrence=2 , concurrencedissent=4 , dissent=9 , other=2 , benchcount=20 , relatingtoorders=5 , inchambers=0 , unanimous=3 , mostjoinedby=Ginsburg (14 in full, 1 in part) , leastjoinedby=Thomas, Alito, Kavanaugh (4) , url-courtopinions=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/slipopinion/18 , url-relatingtoorders=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/relatingtoorders/18 , url-inchambers=https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/in-chambers.aspx , accessdate=October 7, 2019 , opinionstemplate=Stephen Breyer opinions , courttemplate=SCOTUSterm2018 , notes=no , entries= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=01 , case1=Reynolds v. Florida , type=other , volume=586 , page= , year=2018 , wikisource= , issues= Eighth Amendment {{*
capital punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...
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jury instructions Jury instructions, directions to the jury, or judge's charge are legal rules that jurors should follow when deciding a case. They are a type of jury control procedure to support a fair trial. Description Jury instructions are the set of leg ...
, joined= , otheropinion1author=Thomas , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Reynolds v. Florida , otheropinion3author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Reynolds v. Florida , summary=Breyer filed a statement respecting the Court's denial of certiorari. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=02 , case=United States v. Stitt , type=majority , volume=586 , page= , year=2018 , wikisource= , issues= Armed Career Criminal Act {{* definition of " burglary" as prior conviction , joined=Unanimous , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=03 , case=Jam v. International Finance Corp. , type=dissent , volume=586 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
International Organizations Immunities Act The International Organizations Immunities Act (IOIA) is a United States federal law enacted in 1945. It "established a special group of foreign or international organizations whose members could work in the U.S. and enjoy certain exemptions from ...
{{* relationship to
Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act The Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 (FSIA) is a United States law, codified at Title 28, §§ 1330, 1332, 1391(f), 1441(d), and 1602–1611 of the United States Code, that established criteria as to whether a foreign sovereign nation ( ...
, joined= , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Jam v. International Finance Corp. , summary=Kavanaugh did not participate. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=04 , case=Washington State Dept. of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc. , type=plurality , volume=586 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
Yakama Nation The Yakama Indian Reservation (spelled Yakima until 1994) is a Native American reservation in Washington state of the federally recognized tribe known as the Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation. The tribe is made up of Klikitat ...
Treaty of 1855 {{* state taxation of fuel importers , joined=Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion2author=Gorsuch , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Neil Gorsuch#Washington State Dept. of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc. , otheropinion3author=Roberts , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Washington State Dept. of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc. , otheropinion4author=Kavanaugh , , otheropinion4type=dissent , , otheropinion4link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Brett Kavanaugh#Washington State Dept. of Licensing v. Cougar Den, Inc. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=05 , case=Nielsen v. Preap , type=dissent , volume=586 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA or IIRAIRA), Division C of , made major changes to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). IIRIRA's changes became effective on April 1, 1997. Former United Stat ...
{{* detention of aliens without bond for commission of certain crimes , joined=Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Alito , , otheropinion1type=plurality , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Nielsen v. Preap , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Nielsen v. Preap , otheropinion3author=Kavanaugh , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Brett Kavanaugh#Nielsen v. Preap , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=06 , case=Obduskey v. McCarthy & Holthus LLP , type=majority , volume=586 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
Fair Debt Collection Practices Act The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), Pub. L. 95-109; 91 Stat. 874, codified as –1692p, approved on September 20, 1977 (and as subsequently amended) is a consumer protection amendment, establishing legal protection from abusive deb ...
{{* nonjudicial foreclosure proceedings , joined=Unanimous , otheropinion2author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Obduskey v. McCarthy & Holthus LLP , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=07 , case=Lorenzo v. SEC , type=majority , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
securities fraud Securities fraud, also known as stock fraud and investment fraud, is a deceptive practice in the stock or commodities markets that induces investors to make purchase or sale decisions on the basis of false information, frequently resulting in lo ...
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SEC Rule 10b-5 SEC Rule 10b-5, codified at , is one of the most important rules targeting securities fraud promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to its authority granted under § 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The rul ...
{{* dissemination of false or misleading statements , joined=Roberts, Ginsburg, Alito, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Lorenzo v. SEC , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=08 , case=Bucklew v. Precythe , type=dissent , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues= Eighth Amendment {{* death penalty {{* challenges to method of execution , joined=Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan (in part) , otheropinion1author=Gorsuch , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Neil Gorsuch#Bucklew v. Precythe , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Bucklew v. Precythe , otheropinion3author=Kavanaugh , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Brett Kavanaugh#Bucklew v. Precythe , otheropinion5author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion5type=dissent , , otheropinion5link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Bucklew v. Precythe , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=09 , case1=Dunn v. Price , type=dissent , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues= Eighth Amendment {{*
capital punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that t ...
{{* risk of substantial pain and suffering , joined=Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , summary=Breyer dissented from the Court's grant of application to vacate stay of execution. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=10 , case=Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varela , type=dissent , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
Federal Arbitration Act The United States Arbitration Act (, codified at ), more commonly referred to as the Federal Arbitration Act or FAA, is an act of Congress that provides for judicial facilitation of private dispute resolution through arbitration. It applies in ...
{{* contractual agreement to
class action A class action, also known as a class-action lawsuit, class suit, or representative action, is a type of lawsuit where one of the parties is a group of people who are represented collectively by a member or members of that group. The class actio ...
arbitration , joined= , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varela , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varela , otheropinion3author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varela , otheropinion5author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion5type=dissent , , otheropinion5link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varela , otheropinion6author=Kagan , , otheropinion6type=dissent , , otheropinion6link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#Lamps Plus, Inc. v. Varela , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=11 , case-display=Franchise Tax Bd. of Cal. v. Hyatt , case-article=Franchise Tax Board of California v. Hyatt (2019) , type=dissent , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
sovereign immunity Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine whereby a sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution, strictly speaking in modern texts in its own courts. A similar, stronger ...
{{* private suits against states in courts of other states , joined=Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Thomas , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Franchise Tax Bd. of Cal. v. Hyatt , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=12 , case=Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Albrecht , type=majority , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=FDA approval of pharmaceutical labeling {{* preemption of state failure-to-warn law , joined=Thomas, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Albrecht , otheropinion3author=Alito , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. v. Albrecht , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=13 , case1=Price v. Dunn , type=dissent , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues= Eighth Amendment {{* death penalty {{* challenges to method of execution , joined=Ginsburg; Sotomayor, Kagan (in part) , summary=Breyer dissented from the Court's denial of application for stay of execution. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=14 , case=Taggart v. Lorenzen , type=majority , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
bankruptcy law Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor ...
{{* Chapter 7 {{*
civil contempt Contempt of court, often referred to simply as "contempt", is the crime of being disobedient to or disrespectful toward a court of law and its officers in the form of behavior that opposes or defies the authority, justice, and dignity of the cour ...
for violation of discharge order , joined=Unanimous , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=15 , case=Azar v. Allina Health Services , type=dissent , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues= Medicare Act {{* notice-and-comment rulemaking requirement , joined= , otheropinion1author=Gorsuch , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Neil Gorsuch#Azar v. Allina Health Services , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=16 , case=Return Mail, Inc. v. Postal Service , type=dissent , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
patent law A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...
{{* Leahy-Smith America Invents Act of 2011 {{* eligibility of federal government to initiate
Patent Trial and Appeal Board The Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) is an administrative law body of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) which decides issues of patentability. It was formed on September 16, 2012, as one part of the America Invents Act. P ...
post-patent issuance review , joined=Ginsburg, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Return Mail, Inc. v. Postal Service , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=17 , case1=Al-Alwi v. Trump , type=other , volume=587 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues= Authorization for Use of Military Force {{* indefinite detention of
enemy combatant Enemy combatant is a person who, either lawfully or unlawfully, engages in hostilities for the other side in an armed conflict. Usually enemy combatants are members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war. In the case ...
s , joined= , summary=Breyer filed a statement respecting the Court's denial of certiorari. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=18 , case=PDR Network, LLC v. Carlton Harris Chiropractic, Inc. , type=majority , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 The Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA) was passed by the United States Congress in 1991 and signed into law by President George H. W. Bush as Public Law 102-243. It amended the Communications Act of 1934. The TCPA is codified as 4 ...
{{* unsolicited advertisement by fax {{* Administrative Orders Review Act , joined=Roberts, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#PDR Network, LLC v. Carlton Harris Chiropractic, Inc. , otheropinion3author=Kavanaugh , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Brett Kavanaugh#PDR Network, LLC v. Carlton Harris Chiropractic, Inc. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=19 , case=American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. , type=concurrence , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
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Establishment Clause In United States law, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution, together with that Amendment's Free Exercise Clause, form the constitutional right of freedom of religion. The relevant constitutional text ...
{{* cross as public war memorial , joined=Kagan , otheropinion1author=Alito , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. , otheropinion4author=Kagan , , otheropinion4type=concurrence , , otheropinion4link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. , otheropinion5author=Gorsuch , , otheropinion5type=concurrence , , otheropinion5link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Neil Gorsuch#American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. , otheropinion6author=Kavanaugh , , otheropinion6type=concurrence , , otheropinion6link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Brett Kavanaugh#American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. , otheropinion7author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion7type=dissent , , otheropinion7link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#American Legion v. American Humanist Assn. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=20 , case=Rehaif v. United States , type=majority , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues= federal firearms laws {{* firearm possession by alien in country illegally {{*
scienter In law, (Law Latin for "knowingly", ) is a legal term for intent or knowledge of wrongdoing. An offending party then has knowledge of the "wrongness" of an act or event prior to committing it. For example, if a man sells a car with brakes that ...
, joined=Roberts, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan, Gorsuch, Kavanaugh , otheropinion2author=Alito , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Rehaif v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=21 , case=Iancu v. Brunetti , type=concurrencedissent , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
trademark law A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services from a particular source and distinguishes them from othe ...
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Lanham Act The Lanham (Trademark) Act (, codified at et seq. () is the primary federal trademark statute of law in the United States. The Act prohibits a number of activities, including trademark infringement, trademark dilution, and false advertising. ...
{{* registration of immoral or scandalous trademarks {{*
First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...
{{* free spech , joined= , otheropinion1author=Kagan , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#Iancu v. Brunetti , otheropinion2author=Alito , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Iancu v. Brunetti , otheropinion3author=Roberts , , otheropinion3type=concurrencedissent , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Iancu v. Brunetti , otheropinion5author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion5type=concurrencedissent , , otheropinion5link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Iancu v. Brunetti , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=22 , case=Food Marketing Institute v. Argus Leader Media , type=concurrencedissent , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
Freedom of Information Act Freedom of Information Act may refer to the following legislations in different jurisdictions which mandate the national government to disclose certain data to the general public upon request: * Freedom of Information Act 1982, the Australian act * ...
{{* confidential commercial information exemption , joined=Ginsburg, Sotomayor , otheropinion1author=Gorsuch , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Neil Gorsuch#Food Marketing Institute v. Argus Leader Media , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=23 , case=United States v. Haymond , type=concurrence , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues= Fifth Amendment {{* Sixth Amendment {{* right to
jury trial A jury trial, or trial by jury, is a legal proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact. It is distinguished from a bench trial in which a judge or panel of judges makes all decisions. Jury trials are used in a significan ...
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mandatory minimum Mandatory sentencing requires that offenders serve a predefined term for certain crimes, commonly serious and violent offenses. Judges are bound by law; these sentences are produced through the legislature, not the judicial system. They are inst ...
sentence for possession of child pornography {{* judicial finding of fact , joined= , otheropinion1author=Gorsuch , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Neil Gorsuch#United States v. Haymond , otheropinion3author=Alito , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#United States v. Haymond , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=24 , case=Department of Commerce v. New York , type=concurrencedissent , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=addition of citizenship question to
2020 United States Census The United States census of 2020 was the twenty-fourth decennial United States census. Census Day, the reference day used for the census, was April 1, 2020. Other than a pilot study during the 2000 census, this was the first U.S. census to of ...
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Article I Article One may refer to: Legal codes * Article One of the United States Constitution, pertaining to the powers of the United States Congress * Article One of the Constitution of India, pertaining to the federal nature of the republic Other us ...
{{* Enumeration Clause {{* Administrative Procedures Act {{* Article III {{*
standing Standing, also referred to as orthostasis, is a position in which the body is held in an ''erect'' ("orthostatic") position and supported only by the feet. Although seemingly static, the body rocks slightly back and forth from the ankle in the s ...
, joined=Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Department of Commerce v. New York , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrencedissent , , otheropinion2link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Department of Commerce v. New York , otheropinion4author=Alito , , otheropinion4type=concurrencedissent , , otheropinion4link=2018 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito#Department of Commerce v. New York , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=25 , case=Trump v. Sierra Club , type=concurrencedissent , volume=588 , page= , year=2019 , wikisource= , issues=
Trump wall The Trump wall, commonly referred to as "The Wall", is an expansion of the Mexico–United States barrier that started in the U.S. during the 1980’s to keep help enforce immigration laws in the United States. Prior to Donald Trump, border ...
{{* National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States {{*
irreparable harm An irreparable injury is, in equity, "the type of harm which no monetary compensation can cure or put conditions back the way they were." The irreparable injury rule It has traditionally been a requirement of equity that no relief can be granted un ...
, joined= , summary=Breyer concurred in part and dissented in part from the Court's grant of application for stay.