2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito

{{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=02 , case1=Volkman v. United States , type=concurrence , volume=574 , page= , year=2014 , wikisource= , issues= causation of death by unlawful distribution of

controlled substance A controlled substance is generally a drug or chemical whose manufacture, possession and use is regulated by a government, such as illicitly used drugs or prescription medications that are designated by law. Some treaties, notably the Single ...

, joined=Thomas , summary=Alito concurred in the Court's vacatur and remand of the lower court's decision. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=03 , case1=Kalamazoo County Road Comm'n v. Deleon , type=dissent , volume=574 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= employment discrimination {{* granting of requested transfer as adverse employment action , joined= , summary=Alito dissented from the Court's denial of certiorari. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=04 , case=T-Mobile South, LLC v. City of Roswell , type=concurrence , volume=574 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

Telecommunications Act of 1996 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is a United States federal law enacted by the 104th United States Congress on January 3, 1996, and signed into law on February 8, 1996, by President Bill Clinton. It primarily amended Chapter 5 of Title 47 of ...

{{* denial by local government of cell phone tower placement , joined= , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#T-Mobile South, LLC v. City of Roswell , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#T-Mobile South, LLC v. City of Roswell , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#T-Mobile South, LLC v. City of Roswell , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=05 , case=Holt v. Hobbs , type=majority , volume=574 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA), , codified as et seq., is a United States federal law that prohibits the imposition of burdens on the ability of prisoners to worship as they please and gives churches and oth ...

{{* prison regulation of beard growth {{* Islamic beard customs , joined=Unanimous , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Holt v. Hobbs , otheropinion2author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Holt v. Hobbs , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=06 , case=Christeson v. Roper , type=dissent , volume=574 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 The Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), , was introduced to the United States Congress in April 1995 as a Senate Bill (). The bill was passed with broad bipartisan support by Congress in response to the bombings of th ...

{{*

equitable tolling Tolling is a legal doctrine that allows for the pausing or delaying of the running of the period of time set forth by a statute of limitations, such that a lawsuit may potentially be filed even after the statute of limitations has run. Although gro ...

{{* substitution of counsel , joined=Thomas , otheropinion1author=''per curiam'' , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term per curiam opinions of the Supreme Court of the United States#Christeson v. Roper , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=07 , case=North Carolina Bd. of Dental Examiners v. FTC , type=dissent , volume=574 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

Sherman Antitrust Act The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (, ) is a United States antitrust law which prescribes the rule of free competition among those engaged in commerce. It was passed by Congress and is named for Senator John Sherman, its principal author. ...

{{* state-action antitrust immunity , joined=Scalia, Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#North Carolina Bd. of Dental Examiners v. FTC {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=08 , case-article=Yates v. United States (2015) , case-display=Yates v. United States , type=concurrence , volume=574 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=catching of undersized fish {{* destruction of tangible object to impede federal investigation , joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Yates v. United States , otheropinion2author=Kagan , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#Yates v. United States {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=09 , case=Department of Transportation v. Association of American Railroads , type=concurrence , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=status of

Amtrak The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak () , is the national passenger railroad company of the United States. It operates inter-city rail service in 46 of the 48 contiguous U.S. States and nine cities in Canada ...

as governmental entity {{* Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 {{*

separation of powers Separation of powers refers to the division of a state's government into branches, each with separate, independent powers and responsibilities, so that the powers of one branch are not in conflict with those of the other branches. The typic ...

{{*

nondelegation doctrine The doctrine of nondelegation (or non-delegation principle) is the theory that one branch of government must not authorize another entity to exercise the power or function which it is constitutionally authorized to exercise itself. It is explicit ...

, joined= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Department of Transportation v. Association of American Railroads , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Department of Transportation v. Association of American Railroads , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=10 , case=Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Assn. , type=concurrence , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Administrative Procedure Act {{* exclusion of interpretive rules from notice-and-comment requirements {{* deference to agency interpretation of ambiguous regulations , joined= , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Assn. , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Assn. , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Perez v. Mortgage Bankers Assn. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=11 , case=B&B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis Industries, Inc. , type=majority , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

trademark law A trademark (also written trade mark or trade-mark) is a type of intellectual property consisting of a recognizable sign, design, or expression that identifies products or services from a particular source and distinguishes them from othe ...

{{* issue preclusion {{* adjudication by

Trademark Trial and Appeal Board The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) is an administrative tribunal within the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The TTAB is empowered to determine the right to register a trademark. It has no authority to determine the righ ...

, joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#B&B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis Industries, Inc. , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#B&B Hardware, Inc. v. Hargis Industries, Inc. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=12 , case=Young v. United Parcel Service, Inc. , type=concurrence , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Pregnancy Discrimination Act {{*

disparate treatment Disparate treatment is one kind of unlawful discrimination in US labor law. In the United States, it means unequal behavior toward someone because of a protected characteristic (e.g. race or gender) under Title VII of the United States Civil Rights ...

claim , joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Young v. United Parcel Service, Inc. , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Young v. United Parcel Service, Inc. , otheropinion3author=Kennedy , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Young v. United Parcel Service, Inc. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=13 , case=Rodriguez v. United States , type=dissent , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Fourth Amendment {{* traffic stop {{* dog sniff of car for drugs {{*

reasonable suspicion Reasonable suspicion is a legal standard of proof in United States law that is less than probable cause, the legal standard for arrests and warrants, but more than an "inchoate and unparticularized suspicion or 'hunch; it must be based on "specif ...

, joined= , otheropinion1author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Rodriguez v. United States , otheropinion2author=Kennedy , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Rodriguez v. United States , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Rodriguez v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=14 , case=United States v. Kwai Fun Wong , type=dissent , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

Federal Tort Claims Act The Federal Tort Claims Act (August 2, 1946, ch.646, Title IV, 28 U.S.C. Part VI, Chapter 171and ) ("FTCA") is a 1946 federal statute that permits private parties to sue the United States in a federal court for most torts committed by perso ...

{{*

statute of limitations A statute of limitations, known in civil law systems as a prescriptive period, is a law passed by a legislative body to set the maximum time after an event within which legal proceedings may be initiated. ("Time for commencing proceedings") In ...

{{*

, joined=Roberts, Scalia, Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kagan , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#United States v. Kwai Fun Wong {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=15 , case=Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar , type=dissent , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...

{{* freedom of speech {{* ban on personal solicitation of campaign funds by judicial candidates , joined= , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar , otheropinion2author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar , otheropinion3author=Breyer , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar , otheropinion4author=Scalia , , otheropinion4type=dissent , , otheropinion4link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar , otheropinion5author=Kennedy , , otheropinion5type=dissent , , otheropinion5link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Williams-Yulee v. Florida Bar , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=16 , case=Comptroller of Treasury of Md. v. Wynne , type=majority , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=state credit for

income tax An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) in respect of the income or profits earned by them (commonly called taxable income). Income tax generally is computed as the product of a tax rate times the taxable income. Tax ...

paid to other states {{*

Dormant Commerce Clause The Dormant Commerce Clause, or Negative Commerce Clause, in American constitutional law, is a legal doctrine that courts in the United States have inferred from the Commerce Clause in Article I of the US Constitution. The primary focus of the d ...

{{* internal consistency test , joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Breyer, Sotomayor , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=dissent , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Comptroller of Treasury of Md. v. Wynne , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Comptroller of Treasury of Md. v. Wynne , otheropinion3author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Comptroller of Treasury of Md. v. Wynne , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=17 , case=City and County of San Francisco v. Sheehan , type=majority , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 or ADA () is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability. It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, ...

{{* obligation to provide accommodations to mentally ill arrestee {{* Fourth Amendment {{* improvidently granted certiorari , joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Sotomayor , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=concurrencedissent , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#City and County of San Francisco v. Sheehan , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=18 , case=Kellogg Brown & Root Services, Inc. v. United States ex rel. Carter , type=majority , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

False Claims Act The False Claims Act (FCA), also called the "Lincoln Law", is an American federal law that imposes liability on persons and companies (typically federal contractors) who defraud governmental programs. It is the federal government's primary litigat ...

{{*

qui tam In common law, a writ of ''qui tam'' is a writ through which private individuals who assist a prosecution can receive for themselves all or part of the damages or financial penalties recovered by the government as a result of the prosecution. Its ...

{{*

{{* Wartime Suspension of Limitations Act , joined=Unanimous , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=19 , case=Wellness Int'l Network, Ltd. v. Sharif , type=concurrence , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

bankruptcy law Bankruptcy is a legal process through which people or other entities who cannot repay debts to creditors may seek relief from some or all of their debts. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, often initiated by the debtor ...

{{* Article III {{* consent to adjudication by bankruptcy courts , joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Wellness Int'l Network, Ltd. v. Sharif , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Wellness Int'l Network, Ltd. v. Sharif , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Wellness Int'l Network, Ltd. v. Sharif {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=20 , case=Elonis v. United States , type=concurrencedissent , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=federal crime against communicating threat {{*

scienter In law, (Law Latin for "knowingly", ) is a legal term for intent or knowledge of wrongdoing. An offending party then has knowledge of the "wrongness" of an act or event prior to committing it. For example, if a man sells a car with brakes that ...

, joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Elonis v. United States , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Elonis v. United States {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=21 , case=EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. , type=concurrence , volume=575 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

Title VII The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requi ...

{{* refusal to hire applicant because of religious practices {{*

{{* failure to accommodate , joined= , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrencedissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#EEOC v. Abercrombie & Fitch Stores, Inc. , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=22 , case=Reed v. Town of Gilbert , type=concurrence , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

{{*

free speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recog ...

{{* content-based restrictions {{* regulation of signs on private property , joined=Sotomayor , summary= , otheropinion1author=Thomas , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Reed v. Town of Gilbert , otheropinion2author=Breyer , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Reed v. Town of Gilbert , otheropinion3author=Kagan , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#Reed v. Town of Gilbert {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=23 , case=Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans, Inc. , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

{{*

{{* government speech {{* specialty license plates , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy , summary= , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Walker v. Texas Div., Sons of Confederate Veterans, Inc. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=24 , case=Ohio v. Clark , type=majority , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Sixth Amendment {{*

Confrontation Clause The Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that ''"in all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right…to be confronted with the witnesses against him."'' The right only applies to cri ...

{{* admissibility of statements by child abuse victim to teacher {{* mandatory reporting obligations , joined=Roberts, Kennedy, Breyer, Sotomayor, Kagan , summary= , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Ohio v. Clark , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Ohio v. Clark {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=25 , case=Davis v. Ayala , type=majority , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Equal Protection Clause {{* race-based

peremptory challenge In American and Australian law, the right of peremptory challenge is a right in jury selection for the attorneys to reject a certain number of potential jurors without stating a reason. Other potential jurors may be challenged for cause, i.e. by ...

in jury selection {{*

ex parte In law, ''ex parte'' () is a Latin term meaning literally "from/out of the party/faction of" (name of party/faction, often omitted), thus signifying "on behalf of (name)". An ''ex parte'' decision is one decided by a judge without requiring all ...

hearing of prosecutor's justification of challenges {{*

harmless error In United States law, a harmless error is a ruling by a trial judge that, although mistaken, does not meet the burden for a losing party to reverse the original decision of the trier of fact on appeal, or to warrant a new trial. Harmless error is ...

, joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Davis v. Ayala , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Davis v. Ayala , otheropinion3author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Davis v. Ayala {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=26 , case=Brumfield v. Cain , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Eighth Amendment {{*

execution Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the state-sanctioned practice of deliberately killing a person as a punishment for an actual or supposed crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that ...

of the

intellectually disabled Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability in the United Kingdom and formerly mental retardation, Rosa's Law, Pub. L. 111-256124 Stat. 2643(2010). is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by signifi ...

{{*

, joined=Roberts , summary= , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Brumfield v. Cain , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Brumfield v. Cain {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=27 , case=Kingsley v. Hendrickson , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Fourteenth Amendment {{* Due Process Clause {{*

excessive force Excessive Force is a musical side project started in 1991 by Sascha Konietzko of KMFDM and Buzz McCoy of My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult. History In 1991, Excessive Force released the single "Conquer Your House", followed by the album ''Co ...

against pretrial detainee , joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Kingsley v. Hendrickson , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Kingsley v. Hendrickson {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=28 , case=Los Angeles v. Patel , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Fourth Amendment {{* mandated hotel guest record keeping and inspection {{*

facial challenge In U.S. constitutional law, a facial challenge is a challenge to a statute in which the plaintiff alleges that the legislation is always unconstitutional, and therefore void. It is contrasted with an as-applied challenge, which alleges that a par ...

, joined=Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Los Angeles v. Patel , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Los Angeles v. Patel {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=29 , case=Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

patent law A patent is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the legal right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention for a limited period of time in exchange for publishing an enabling disclosure of the invention."A p ...

{{* post-expiration

royalty Royalty may refer to: * Any individual monarch, such as a king, queen, emperor, empress, etc. * Royal family, the immediate family of a king or queen regnant, and sometimes his or her extended family * Royalty payment for use of such things as int ...

payments {{* stare decisis , joined=Roberts, Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kagan , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Elena Kagan#Kimble v. Marvel Entertainment, LLC {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=30 , case=Texas Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Fair Housing Act {{* state allocation of federal low-income housing tax credits {{* disparate impact , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Texas Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Texas Dept. of Housing and Community Affairs v. Inclusive Communities Project, Inc. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=31 , case-article=Johnson v. United States (2015) , case-display=Johnson v. United States , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Armed Career Criminal Act {{* residual clause {{* Fifth Amendment {{* Due Process Clause {{*

void for vagueness In American constitutional law, a statute is void for vagueness and unenforceable if it is too vague for the average citizen to understand, and a constitutionally-protected interest cannot tolerate permissible activity to be chilled within the ran ...

, joined= , summary= , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Johnson v. United States , otheropinion2author=Kennedy , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Johnson v. United States , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Johnson v. United States {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=32 , case=Obergefell v. Hodges , type=dissent , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues=

same-sex marriage Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same sex or gender. marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 33 countries, with the most recent being Mexico, constituting ...

{{* Fourteenth Amendment {{* Due Process Clause {{* Equal Protection Clause , joined=Scalia, Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Obergefell v. Hodges , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Obergefell v. Hodges , otheropinion3author=Scalia , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Obergefell v. Hodges , otheropinion4author=Thomas , , otheropinion4type=dissent , , otheropinion4link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Obergefell v. Hodges {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=33 , case=Glossip v. Gross , type=majority , volume=576 , page= , year=2015 , wikisource= , issues= Eighth Amendment {{* death penalty {{* use of

midazolam Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. It works by inducing sleepiness, decreasing anxiety, and causing a loss of ...

in lethal injection , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas , summary= , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Glossip v. Gross , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Glossip v. Gross , otheropinion3author=Breyer , , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Glossip v. Gross , otheropinion4author=Sotomayor , , otheropinion4type=dissent , , otheropinion4link=2014 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Sonia Sotomayor#Glossip v. Gross