2014 FIFA World Cup preparations
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2014 FIFA World Cup The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organised by FIFA. It took place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014, after the country was awarded the hosting ri ...
tournament in Brazil cost US$11.6 billion,Непредвиденные расходы: как менялась смета ЧМ-2018
08 ИЮН, 07:01, RBC
and was the most expensive World Cup at the time. It was surpassed by the
2018 FIFA World Cup The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national Association football, football teams organized by FIFA. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018, after the country was awa ...
, however, which cost an estimated $14.2 billion.
FIFA FIFA (; stands for ''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'' ( French), meaning International Association Football Federation ) is the international governing body of association football, beach football and futsal. It was found ...
spent an estimated $2 billion on the 2014 finals, with its greatest single expense $576 million in prize money. Other expenditures were largely for stadium renovation and other infrastructure projects, since Brazil undertook substantial construction to facilitate hosting the tournament.


Brazilian investment


Stadiums

Although the organisers originally estimated costs of $1.1 billion, $3.6 billion was reportedly spent on stadium work. Five host cities built venues for the World Cup. The
Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha Arena BRB Mané Garrincha, formerly Estádio Nacional de Brasília Mané Garrincha, also known as ''Estádio Nacional Mané Garrincha'', ''Estádio Nacional de Brasília'', ''Arena Mané Garrincha'' or simply ''Mané Garrincha'', is a football ...
stadium in Brasília (the capital) was demolished and rebuilt, and six were renovated.
Maracanã Stadium Maracanã Stadium ( pt, Estádio do Maracanã, standard Brazilian Portuguese: , local pronunciation: ), officially named Estádio Jornalista Mário Filho (), is an association football stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The stadium is part o ...
in Rio de Janeiro, which held the attendance record for a FIFA World Cup final match ( 199,854), was the largest stadium and hosted the final. The CBF originally intended to host the opening match at São Paulo's
Estádio do Morumbi Estádio Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, widely known as Morumbi (), is a football stadium located in the eponymous district in São Paulo, Brazil. It is the home of São Paulo Futebol Clube and its formal name honors Cícero Pompeu de Toledo, who w ...
, but was replaced in 2010 by the Arena Corinthians after it failed to financially guarantee required improvements. The first new stadium, the Castelão, in
Fortaleza Fortaleza (, locally , Portuguese for ''Fortress'') is the state capital of Ceará, located in Northeastern Brazil. It belongs to the Metropolitan mesoregion of Fortaleza and microregion of Fortaleza. It is Brazil's 5th largest city and the t ...
, opened in January 2013. Six venues were used for the
2013 Confederations Cup The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup was the ninth FIFA Confederations Cup, which was held in Brazil from 15 to 30 June 2013 as a prelude to the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The most recent winners of the six continental championships appeared in the tourna ...
, but six additional stadiums missed FIFA's 31 December 2013 completion deadline. The completion of the new Arena Corinthians was hampered by a fatal crane collapse in November 2013 which destroyed part of the stadium and killed two construction workers. Slow progress at the Arena da Baixada in Curitiba made FIFA threaten to drop the stadium as a host venue in January 2014 unless significant progress was made during the following month; after satisfactory progress, FIFA confirmed that Curitiba would remain a host city. During the first quarter of 2014, the first games were held at venues in Manaus (
Arena da Amazônia Arena da Amazônia (''Amazon Arena'') is a football stadium in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, located on the former site of the Vivaldão stadium. The stadium has an all-seater capacity of 44,300 and was constructed from 2010 to 2014 as part of Brazil ...
), Natal and Porto Alegre. After inspecting all the venues in May 2014, FIFA secretary Jérôme Valcke expressed concerns about the readiness of the Natal, Porto Alegre and São Paulo venues and required additional test events. Brazil's Deputy Sports Minister, Luis Fernandes, replied that there was "no panic".


Infrastructure projects

In January 2010, the Brazilian federal government estimated that hosting the tournament would require a government investment of $11 billion. The government announced
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s for construction and renovation of stadiums for the World Cup; host cities would be exempt from
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, and FIFA spending in Brazil would be tax-free. The government earmarked R$3 billion (€1.8 billion, or £1.1 billion) for investment in projects related to the World Cup, and introduced a World Cup
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. In March 2007, Brazil announced an additional PAC investment of $526 billion from 2011 to 2014.
Airports An airport is an aerodrome with extended facilities, mostly for commercial air transport. Airports usually consists of a landing area, which comprises an aerially accessible open space including at least one operationally active surface ...
were identified as "the big problem" by the tournament's organizing committee, and experts said that Brazil's airports needed considerable renovation and expansion to accommodate those arriving for the World Cup. An estimated 600,000 people flew to the tournament, and three million traveled by air between matches. Legislation was introduced to enable Infraero, Brazil's airport operator, to facilitate airport improvements. The government had problems implementing infrastructure legislation, and forecast in 2011 that 10 of the 13 terminals scheduled for upgrading were unlikely to be completed by 2014. President Dilma Rousseff said that the government would make "a strong intervention" to ensure that the airports were ready, however, including private investment; management of three airports was transferred to the private sector in 2013 for $10.8 billion. Major infrastructure projects were implemented across the country on roads, light rail and
bus rapid transit Bus rapid transit (BRT), also called a busway or transitway, is a bus-based public transport system designed to have much more capacity, reliability and other quality features than a conventional bus system. Typically, a BRT system includes ...
lines connecting Brazil's airports to its city centres and stadiums; an estimated of highways were improved. To host the increased number of tourists, the
Brazilian Development Bank The National Bank for Economic and Social Development ( pt, Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social, abbreviated: BNDES) is a development bank structured as a federal public company associated with the Ministry of the Economy of Bra ...
(BNDES) provided a budget of R$2 billion to modernise and increase the country's hotel network. In Rio de Janeiro, the improvements also anticipated the
2016 Summer Olympics The 2016 Summer Olympics ( pt, Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( pt, Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada) and also known as Rio 2016, was an international multi-sport event held from 5 to 21 August 20 ...
. Planned projects such as monorail systems in Manaus and São Paulo and a subway system in Belo Horizonte were cancelled, and others were not expected to be finished before the World Cup; other projects were downsized. In May 2014, it was reported that 36 of the planned 93 major projects were completed. FIFA secretary-general Jérôme Valcke defended the progress, saying that "it was clear from the beginning not all the projects would be ready ... these projects were part of a government plan that goes far beyond the World Cup", and the organization pledged to spend at least $20 million on "legacy projects" in Brazil after the tournament. The government's failure to complete all the originally-planned projects was criticised by some Brazilians, who also opposed its investment in the World Cup. An opinion poll by
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two months before the start of the tournament indicated that 48 percent of respondents supported the tournament, a decline from 79 percent in 2008; 55 percent of respondents said that the event would be a net negative for Brazil. According to FIFA President Sepp Blatter, "Brazilians are a bit discontented because they were promised a lot". Footballer-turned-politician
Romário Romário de Souza Faria Figueiredo (born 29 January 1966), known simply as Romário (), is a Brazilian politician and a former professional footballer. A prolific striker renowned for his clinical finishing, he scored over 750 goals and was ...
criticised his country's handling of the preparations and said that "FIFA's requirements were excessive".
Ronaldo Ronaldo is a Portuguese given name equivalent to the English Ronald. It became a common name in all Portuguese-speaking countries, being also prevalent in Italy and Spanish-speaking countries. People Notable people known as Ronaldo include: As ...
, another former Brazilian player, said that he was "embarrassed" by the state of the country's infrastructure and that "a series of investments were promised that won't be delivered - only 30 percent will be delivered". According to a group of German economists, hosting a sports event of this magnitude by a
newly industrialized country The category of newly industrialized country (NIC), newly industrialized economy (NIE) or middle income country is a socioeconomic classification applied to several countries around the world by political scientists and economists. They represent ...
like Brazil or Russia was an economic luxury. They suggested two measures to make such events sustainable: building less and economic support from the organizing associations. Large stadiums and streets were unused after an event, negatively impacting the ratio of
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to assets. For this reason, the group feared that Olympic Games and football world championships would only be hosted in countries with authoritarian regimes.


Security

The Brazilian government pledged $900 million for security forces, and said that the World Cup would be "one of the most protected sports events in history". The government planned to have one police officer for every 50 people attending matches, and one for every 80 people at viewing events around the country. Investments in security measures such as facial recognition systems and unmanned security robots were made. An integrated security plan was developed which sought information about potential terrorists and troublemakers. A total of 150,000 public security professionals and military was planned to ensure security, along with 20,000 private security personnel. Security concerns increased after protests during Brazil's staging of the
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup The 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup was the ninth FIFA Confederations Cup, which was held in Brazil from 15 to 30 June 2013 as a prelude to the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The most recent winners of the six continental championships appeared in the tourna ...
, in which disturbances occurred outside stadiums. Protesters cited the amount of public money being invested by the Brazilian government in the World Cup at the expense of social services for its population.


Human cost

The projected financial cost to the Brazilian government was estimated at $14 billion. In May 2014 in Brasília, the nation's capital, indigenous protesters clashed with police on horseback during a protest of the World Cup; one policeman shot in the leg, and police fired tear gas into the crowd to disperse the protest. An indigenous population of 10 to 20 of Brazil's 300 ethnic groups was evicted from an abandoned museum next to
Maracanã Stadium Maracanã Stadium ( pt, Estádio do Maracanã, standard Brazilian Portuguese: , local pronunciation: ), officially named Estádio Jornalista Mário Filho (), is an association football stadium in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The stadium is part o ...
in Rio de Janeiro, reportedly for the construction of a parking lot.


FIFA investment

FIFA forecast that it would spend $2 billion to stage the 2014 World Cup Final.


Statistics


See also

*
Visa policy of Brazil Visitors to Brazil must obtain a visa from one of the Brazilian diplomatic missions, unless they come from one of the visa-exempt countries. Visa policy map Visa exemption Holders of ordinary passports of the following jurisdictions do not r ...
*
Economics of the FIFA World Cup The FIFA World Cup is said to have a significant impact on the host country's economy. Statistics Italy (1990) United States (1994) The World Cup in the United States was hosted in a number of cities. In Los Angeles, site of the final, th ...


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fifa World Cup, 2014
preparations ''Preparations'' is a studio album by Prefuse 73. It was released on Warp Records Warp Records (or simply Warp) is a British independent record label founded in Sheffield in 1989 by record store employees Steve Beckett and Rob Mitchell and r ...