Parliamentary elections were held in

East Timor East Timor (), also known as Timor-Leste (), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste, is an island country in Southeast Asia. It comprises the eastern half of the island of Timor, the exclave of Oecusse on the island's north-w ...

on 7 July 2012.Election Profile
IFES The

United Nations The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmoni ...

stated that it would withdraw its 1,300 troops if the elections passed off peacefully. The

National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction The National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction ( pt, Congresso Nacional de Reconstrução de Timor, CNRT) is a political party in East Timor founded by former President Xanana Gusmão in March 2007 in preparation for the 2007 parliamentar ...

, led by Prime Minister

Xanana Gusmão José Alexandre "Xanana" Gusmão (; born 20 June 1946) is an East Timorese politician. A former rebel, he was the third President of the independent East Timor, serving from 2002 to 2007. He then became its fourth prime minister, serving from ...

, won the election with 30 seats, three seats short of a majority in National Parliament.

Background

After the severe unrest of 2006, the Australian-led International Stabilization Force (ISF) and the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT) had restored peace and order in the country. An assassination attempt on February 11, 2008, against

President President most commonly refers to: *President (corporate title) * President (education), a leader of a college or university * President (government title) President may also refer to: Automobiles * Nissan President, a 1966–2010 Japanese ...

José Ramos-Horta José Manuel Ramos-Horta (; born 26 December 1949) is an East Timorese politician currently serving as president of East Timor since May 2022. He previously served as president from 20 May 2007 to 20 May 2012. Previously he was Ministry of Fore ...

and

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

resulted in the death of rebel leader

Alfredo Reinado Alfredo Alves Reinado (11 November 1968 in Dili – 11 February 2008), sometimes spelled Reinhado, was a major in the military of Timor-Leste, the Timor Leste Defence Force (F-FDTL). He deserted on 4 May 2006 to join approximately 600 forme ...

. The rebel movement subsequently collapsed. Those of its members who had been convicted of involvement in the assassination were pardoned by President Ramos-Horta in 2010. In March 2011, the East Timor National Police (PNTL) resumed full responsibility for security in the country. ISF and UNMIT plan to leave in 2012 after presidential and parliamentary elections have been held. The country had largely stabilized, but there were sporadic clashes between various martial arts groups and youth gangs, during which houses were also burned down, most recently in Comoro and in 2011 in

Zumalai Zumalai is a city and subdistrict (former ''Mape-Zumalai'') in East Timor. The subdistrict has been part of Cova Lima District since 2003. Before that, it was part of Ainaro District. The Zumalai subdistrict has six main villages: Fatuleto, Ra ...

and Luro. In addition, the veterans' organization CPD-RDTL caused unrest through ongoing protests. The

local elections In many parts of the world, local elections take place to select office-holders in local government, such as mayors and councillors. Elections to positions within a city or town are often known as "municipal elections". Their form and conduct v ...

on October 9, 2009, passed off without major incidents.

Fretilin The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor ( pt, Frente Revolucionária de Timor-Leste Independente, abbreviated as Fretilin) is a centre-left political party in East Timor. They presently hold 23 of 65 seats in the National Parliam ...

, the country's largest party, was in opposition to the five-party government coalition

Aliança da Maioria Parlamentar Aliança (''Alliance'') is a city located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, 82 kilometres from Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. Aliança has an estimated population of 38,397 inhabitants ( IBGE 2020). Geography * State - Pernambuc ...

(AMP), which included Congresso Nacional da Reconstrução Timorense (CNRT), Partido Democrático (PD), Associação Social-Democrata de Timor (ASDT),

Partido Social Democrata ''Partido Social Democrata'' or ''Partido Social Demócrata'' may refer to: * Social Democratic Party (Bolivia) * Social Democratic Party (East Timor) * Social Democratic Party (El Salvador) * Social Democratic Party (Nicaragua) * Social Democratic ...

(PSD) and UNDERTIM. Because Fretilin, the largest parliamentary group, did not participate in the government, it accused the government of unconstitutionality throughout the legislative period. In addition, several members of the government were suspected of corruption, but this could not be confirmed in any case. On June 8, however, Justice Minister

Lúcia Lobato Lúcia Maria Brandão Freitas Lobato (born 7 November 1965
(Portuguese).) ...

(PSD) was sentenced to five years in prison for mismanagement of funds. Several parties had to cope with splits and internal factional struggles. The reform wing of Fretilin, led by Deputy Prime Minister

José Luís Guterres José Luís Guterres (born 1954 Uato-Lari, Portuguese Timor) is an East Timorese politician and diplomat. Education Guterres studied at the University of Cambridge, the University of the Western Cape in South Africa, the Malaysian Institute of ...

, split off as

Frenti-Mudança The Front for National Reconstruction of Timor-Leste – Change (, Frenti–Mudança) is a political party in East Timor led by Vice-Prime minister José Luís Guterres.KOTA, UNDERTIM was internally divided, and a deputy from the Partido Unidade Nacional (PUN) resigned and now sat in Parliament as an independent deputy. The ASDT deputies fell out with their base. While the party signed a declaration of alliance with Fretilin, ASDT parliamentarians threatened that they would continue to work with Prime Minister Gusmão if the party left the governing coalition. The previous ASDT president

Francisco Xavier do Amaral Francisco Xavier do Amaral (3 December 1937 – 6 March 2012) was an East Timorese politician. A founder of the ''Frente Revolucionária de Timor Leste Independente'' (Fretilin), Amaral was sworn in as the first President of East Timor w ...

had health problems and saw his office threatened by Tourism Minister Gil da Costa Alves, who was elected executive president in August 2011. However, his election was reversed by East Timor's Supreme Court. On March 5, 2012, Amaral succumbed to cancer in Dili. The dispute continued to simmer between the faction around Alves, who is close to the coalition partner CNRT, and the former Amaral supporters around João Correia, whose faction supported José Ramos-Horta in the March 17, 2012 presidential election and wants to make him honorary chairman of the ASDT.Michael Leach: ''Timor-Leste: the parliamentary campaign begins'', Inside Story, 8. June 2012
retrieved on 18 December 2022 There was a dispute in the PD over the formation of the government. MPs from the western part of the country ( Loro Munu) felt that regional proportional representation was not guaranteed and that PD politicians from the east ( Loro Sae) were favoured in the formation of the cabinet. The dispute was settled with the appointment of Adriano do Nascimento as Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. In exchange, the western-born PD MP

Lucas da Costa Lucas or LUCAS may refer to: People * Lucas (surname) * Lucas (given name) Arts and entertainment * Luca Family Singers, also known as "lucas ligner en torsk" * ''Lucas'' (album) (2007), an album by Skeletons and the Kings of All Cities * ''L ...

stood in the 2012 presidential elections, in which his eastern-born party leader Fernando de Araújo also contested. Araújo eventually came fourth with 17.30%, while Costa received only 0.83% of the vote. Both were thus eliminated in the first round of the presidential elections, as was the incumbent President Ramos-Horta with 17.48%.CNE: ''Rezultadu definitivo primeira eleisaun presidencial'', 26 March 2012
/ref> After the presidential election, Ramos-Horta, who, unlike the previous time, had not received the support of the CNRT in the elections, announced that he would work with the PD in the parliamentary elections. Later, he also pledged his support to the ASDT. If the votes of La Sama and Ramos-Horta in the presidential elections were added together, one could expect a 35% share of the vote in the general elections for the PD, which would make it the strongest force in the new parliament, ahead of Fretilin and CNRT. However, this was not certain, as La Sama had also received more votes in the last elections than his party would later. It was also unclear whether the PD would again form a coalition with the CNRT or, in contrast to its previous negative stance, with Fretilin. In the case of a coalition government with PD participation, there was speculation about a Prime Minister position for Ramos-Horta. However, Ramos-Horta ruled out taking up any political office at the end of the election campaign. His political career was over, he declared. According to the

Constitution of East Timor The Constitution of East Timor entered into force on 20 May 2002, and was the country's first constitution after it gained independence from Portugal in 1975 and from Indonesia, which invaded East Timor on 7 December 1975 and left in 1999 followi ...

, even if coalition negotiations failed, a minority government under the strongest party would be possible if the president entrusted it with forming a government. But experts warn that in this case critics of the parliamentary system could intervene in the military. Xanana Gusmão and leading members of the PSD have been at loggerheads in recent years, with party leader

Zacarias da Costa Zacarias Albano da Costa (born 16 January 1964, in Remexio) is an East Timorese politician and diplomat. On 8 August 2007, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs following the 2007 parliamentary election. Before being appointed as Minister for F ...

even threatening to resign as foreign minister by text message in 2010. Gusmão, for his part, insulted the Foreign Minister at a televised meeting of the Council of Ministers, exposing him. (PDF; 1,4 MB) Analysts could therefore also imagine an alliance between the PSD and Fretilin after the election. Frenti-Mudança was expected to form a coalition with the CNRT if necessary. Another potential coalition partner of the CNRT could be the new Partido do Desenvolvimento Nacional (PDN), whose party leader Fernando Dias Gusmão comes from the PSD. The former PSD secretary-general had lost the 2008 election to party leader Zacarias da Costa and subsequently founded the PDN.

Parties and Candidate Lists

On 12 May, the CNE drew lots for the order of parties and candidate lists on the ballot paper. The nationalist, pro-Indonesian Partido Nasionalista Timorense (PNT) and the traditional monarchist Partido do Povo de Timor (PPT) did not submit their lists of candidates to the authorities by the deadline on 11 May and were therefore not admitted to the election. Even the major parties Fretilin, CNRT and PD and five other parties submitted their list only on the last day. The PSD placed Lúcia Lobato second on its list before her conviction, which brought the party public criticism from its former leader

Mário Viegas Carrascalão Mário Viegas Carrascalão (May 12, 1937 – May 19, 2017) was an East Timorese politician and diplomat. Carrascalão, a founder of the Timorese Democratic Union (UDT) in 1974 and the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 2000, served as the governor ...

. The latter did not stand for re-election due to his state of health. The internal division of the ASDT led to the party even submitting two electoral lists to the CNE. One by Tourism Minister Alves and one by João Correia. The

East Timor Supreme Court of Justice The East Timor Supreme Court of Justice ( tet, Tribunal de Recurso de Timor-Leste), also known as the Court of Appeal of East Timor, is the highest court of East Timor. It was established by the Constitution of East Timor with ultimate jurisdi ...

, East Timor's Court of Appeal, ruled that only Correira's list met the required regularity of clearance by a party congress. As a result, none of the previous ASDT MP's and government members are on the list. The dispute was more complicated in the UNDERTIM, from which two electoral lists were also submitted by different party wings. The CNE again set an ultimatum, but the groups around party leader Cornelio Gama and General Secretary ''Reis Kadalak'' could not agree on a common list, which led to the exclusion of UNDERTIM from the elections on 1 June. However, this was again withdrawn by the Court of Appeal on 4 June after the two UNDERTIM wings were able to agree on a common list. A prominent UNDERTIM candidate is Angelita Pires, former presidential candidate and lover of the dead rebel leader

. In the last election in 2007, seven parties failed to clear the three-percent hurdle. Six of them joined forces after the election to form the Liga Democrática Progressiva (LDP) for better visibility. The result of this cooperation, however, was hardly registerable. This time, too, it was expected that the numerous newly formed parties would mostly not win a seat in parliament. The best chances were still given to Frenti-Mudança, PDN and the

Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan Kmanek Haburas Unidade Nasional Timor Oan (, KHUNTO) is a political party in East Timor. History KHUNTO was officially registered on 22 June 2011 and is affiliated with the martial arts group ''Korka''. In the 2012 parliamentary elections it re ...

(KHUNTO). KHUNTO had close ties to a martial arts group and its stronghold in

Ainaro Ainaro is a town in East Timor, the capital of the Ainaro suco, the Ainaro administrative post and the Ainaro Municipality, and is located in the southwest part of the country. The town of Ainaro is located 78 km south of Dili, the nati ...

. Despite the lack of polls, analysts assumed that either Fretilin or CNRT would lead a coalition government after the election, even though both parties had set themselves the goal of an absolute majority. The PD or PSD were expected to provide the majority, but they had lost considerable strength since the last elections.

Electoral system

thumbnail, EU Election Observation Mission to East Timor 2012 Each of the 645,624 eligible voters has one vote, which they can give to a party list. People are eligible to vote from the age of 17. Several parties can also run as a coalition with a joint list. A three-percent hurdle applies, which would mean about 18,000 votes in a 100% turnout. The election is held with closed lists. According to the share of the total votes, parties and coalitions receive seats in parliament, which are filled according to the order on the electoral list. Only registered parties and electoral alliances may draw up lists of candidates, but persons on the list need not belong to the party, which meant that independent candidates could also enter parliament. A total of 90 people must be on a party list, and the final 25 candidates are replacements for any retiring deputies. (PDF; 812 kB) and (Portuguese; PDF; 173 kB), Retrieved on 18 December 2022 Registered parties receive state financial support from the National Electoral Commission (CNE) based on the proportion of seats won by the party in the national parliament. In 2011, for the first time, the total amount of funding for all parties in parliament was three million U.S. dollars, up from one million U.S. dollars annually. Parties that are not represented in parliament but are registered for the 2012 parliamentary elections will receive $30,000 from the CNE, and party coalitions will receive $45,000. (english) All 65 members of the National Parliament were elected from a single nationwide constituency by

party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a subset of proportional representation electoral systems in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through their position on an electoral list. They can also be u ...

voting. A party had to cross the

electoral threshold The electoral threshold, or election threshold, is the minimum share of the primary vote that a candidate or political party requires to achieve before they become entitled to representation or additional seats in a legislature. This limit can ...

of 3% to enter parliament and seats were distributed according to the

d'Hondt method The D'Hondt method, also called the Jefferson method or the greatest divisors method, is a method for allocating seats in parliaments among federal states, or in party-list proportional representation systems. It belongs to the class of highes ...

. Parties were required to submit lists with 65 candidates and at least 25 replacements. According to the electoral law, every fourth member on a party's list has to be a woman. The ballots were printed in

Kupang Kupang ( id, Kota Kupang, ), formerly known as Koepang, is the capital of the Indonesian province of East Nusa Tenggara. At the 2020 C ensus, it had a population of 442,758; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 455,850. It is the largest ci ...

, Indonesia, in

West Timor West Timor ( id, Timor Barat) is an area covering the western part of the island of Timor, except for the district of Oecussi-Ambeno (an East Timorese exclave). Administratively, West Timor is part of East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The ...

and brought to East Timor by land. The reception at the

border Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders ca ...

was greatly celebrated. Voting took place in 880 polling stations and 640 polling centers. The polling stations were open between 7 a.m. and 3 p.m. The

European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of ...

sent 70 election observers and analysts to East Timor. Five parliamentarians are coming from

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island coun ...

as observers. These include representatives from other countries and many

non-governmental organizations A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in ...

. A total of 586 foreign and 2,618 national election observers were registered. In addition, there were 106 foreign and 112 local journalists.

Campaign

In total, 21 political parties registered for the election. The campaign was focused on economic issues, particularly the country's $10.5 billion oil fund. Alongside the two main parties, CNRT and

FRETILIN The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor ( pt, Frente Revolucionária de Timor-Leste Independente, abbreviated as Fretilin) is a centre-left political party in East Timor. They presently hold 23 of 65 seats in the National Parliam ...

, a further 19 parties and lists registered for the elections. The election campaign was focused on economic issues, particularly the question of what should be done with the country's oil fund, worth $10.5 billion. Other focuses in the election campaign were the fight against corruption, the development of infrastructure and ensuring peace and stability in the country. The CNRT campaign pledged to increase the amount of money the fund contributed to the state budget beyond the existing 3% limit and to attract foreign loans for infrastructure improvement projects,Polls close in East Timor elections
Al Jazeera, 7 July 2012 promising long-term investment in roads and electricity and water supplies. FRETILIN opposed CNRT's policies on foreign loans and changes to the oil fund spending, but ran a campaign focused on raising levels of income and education. FRETILIN general secretary

Mari Alkatiri Mari bin Amude Alkatiri, GCIH ( ar, مرعي بن عمودة الكثيري '; born 26 November 1949) is a Timorese politician. He was Prime Minister of East Timor from May 2002 until his resignation on 26 June 2006 following weeks of politic ...

promised to reduce corruption if elected. In the election campaign, Fretilin promised at least 150 hours of paid work on government projects for every unemployed Timorese annually (unemployment is between 50 and 60%) and financial support for women in training. The PD, given its mainly young constituency, promised scholarships for students, while the CNRT relied on its charismatic leader Gusmão and his merits in the freedom struggle and in his last years as prime minister. Besides, they pointed to the government's existing development plans. Frenti-Mudança did not organise large events. Instead, they paid 100 to 200 US dollars to small groups who would then advertise the party in their hometowns. In this way, the relatively small party was able to reach even remote regions of the country.

Conduct

In June 2011, CNRT supporters burned Fretilin flags. The party leaders therefore met immediately and the CNRT party leadership condemned the provocations. In general, the leaders of both parties are trying not to escalate the mood in the country. For example, Fretilin leader Francisco ''Lu-Olo'' Guterres visited the CNRT party congress and demonstratively embraced Xanana Gusmão. They wished each other all the best. The following 12 May, UNDERTIM politician ''Reis Kadalak'' threatened to burn down the CNE's office after a CNE training session. He accused the CNE of manipulating the budget allocated to the parties for the election campaign. On 18 May, the Global Organisation of Parliamentarians against Corruption (GOPAC) made allegations against the CNRT's campaign financing. Companies that had paid several hundred thousand US dollars to the party were said to have received lucrative contracts from the government. Party leader and Prime Minister Gusmão rejected the accusations. He said that it was normal party financing, as it is handled worldwide. Moreover, they have only received pledges of donations so far, but not money. If the donations come in the name of companies and not from individuals, they will not be accepted according to the law. The allegations are also controversial because they were made by Fernanda Borges, the PUN party leader, and are seen as electioneering. The public prosecutor's office and the Anti-Corruption Commission (CAC) are investigating the circumstances. According to the electoral law, official campaigning began on 5 June and ran until 4 July. The government gave 6 July, the day before election day, off to state employees. Administration, offices and public schools remain closed. This is to allow employees and civil servants to travel to their home towns to cast their votes. KHUNTO Campaign Dili 2012

The election campaign period was largely peaceful. On 23 June, two men were arrested by the police for throwing stones at cars belonging to a Fretilin campaign group. According to police, the perpetrators were not supporters of another party, but members of a group known for causing trouble. As of 3 July, only 14 written complaints about violations during the election campaign had been filed with the CNE, mostly involving the destruction of campaign material such as party flags. Three complaints were forwarded to law enforcement agencies. The most serious incident was an arson attack on the CNRT office in Ossu (Viqueque municipality). On several occasions, the CNE criticised the unauthorised use of children at election campaign events. Shortly before the end of the regular election campaign, PD party leader Fernando de Aráujo warned at a campaign appearance in

Baucau Baucau ( pt, Baucau, tet, Baukau) is the second-largest city in East Timor, after Dili, the capital, which lies to its west. Baucau has about 16,000 inhabitants, and is the capital of Baucau municipality, located in the eastern part of th ...

that some of the major parties might try to buy votes for 20 to 50 US dollars. PUN leader Fernanda Borges also accused the big parties of buying many votes in the countryside. The CNRT in particular had thrown a lot of money around, the origin of which was not clear. The head of the EU observer mission ''Nuno Melo'' also reported cases of vote buying. Fretilin announced that instead of holding a demonstration march as a final event in Dili, they would distribute flowers to the people on the last day of the election campaign as a sign of peace. The ''Australia Timor-Leste Friendship Network'' confirmed free and fair elections in East Timor. There were only minor technical problems. The ''American International Republican Institute'' also attested to a peaceful election in East Timor, which remained without major incidents and generally met international standards. Only minor irregularities were registered, but these are said to have had no effect on the election results. For example, not every polling station was checked before casting the ballot to ensure that the voter did not already have an ink-stained finger, which would indicate that the vote had already been cast. In some polling stations, there were irritations regarding the positioning of voting booths, and election observers sporadically registered voters who had not yet reached the minimum age of 17. UN Secretary-General

Ban Ki-moon Ban Ki-moon (; ; born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who served as the eighth secretary-general of the United Nations between 2007 and 2016. Prior to his appointment as secretary-general, Ban was his country's Ministe ...

also congratulated East Timor for the peaceful conduct of the elections. Praise also came from the European Union and the

Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Portuguese: ''Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa''; abbreviated as the CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth (''Comunidade Lusófona''), is an international organization and poli ...

. The ''Friendship Observer Mission'' (FOM), which consisted of various East Timorese and foreign members, listed several problems and violations in its report. This concerned, in addition to the Frenti-Mudança's campaign with paid election workers, lack of checking for stained fingers of voters (the sign that they had already voted) and the appearance at election rallies of men in traditional dress wielding traditional weapons such as spears and

surik Surik ( fa, سوريك, also Romanized as Sūrīk; also known as Qezel Yīnīsh) is a village in Chaybasar-e Shomali Rural District, Bazargan District, Maku County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republi ...

. While FOM recognises that these are part of the country's folklore, they see a fundamental problem with the appearance of armed people in election campaigns. The ''Chefe de Suco'' of Lelaufe announced at an election rally in Lifau that he would force all parties in his Suco to remove all banners and party flags that were not from the CNRT.Friendship Observer Mission: Preliminary Report Parliamentary Elections 2012 (updated)
(PDF-File) In the two polling stations in Lelaufe, the CNRT only received 32.63% and 44.20%. The non-governmental organisation ''Fundasaun Mahein'' recommended that the new government establish clear rules on party funding and party donations based on the experience of the elections.

Results

According to the preliminary final results, the CNRT is in the lead with 36.66% (30 seats), followed by Fretilin with 29.87% (25 seats). The PD obtained 10.31% (8 seats) and the Frenti-Mudança 3.11% (2 seats). The turnout was 74.78%. The other parties and alliances failed to clear the three-percent hurdle, including KHUNTO with a narrow 2.97%., abgerufen am 8. Juli 2012 The official final result was published by the CNE on 13 July. It confirmed the previously assumed distribution of seats.

Aftermath

PD Deputy Secretary General Samuel Mendonça stated on 10 July 2012 that the PD would go into opposition if independents were included in the cabinet. This would not correspond to the PD's criteria. Nevertheless, the new East Timorese cabinet also included independent members. CNRT General Secretary Babo Soares announced that after the party congress on 15 July, Fretilin and PD would be invited to coalition talks. Until then, informal talks would continue. The non-governmental organisation La'o Hamutuk spoke out against the idea of a government of national unity made up of CNRT and Fretilin. It would speak against the needs of a pluralist state. In contrast, the veterans' organization CPD-RDTL called for an agreement between CNRT and Fretilin, saying their leaders both came from the common front of the independence movement and could therefore form a joint government. The Timorese should not imitate the international concept of the opposition, said the CPD-RDTL spokesperson. On 15 July, the CNRT announced that it would form a coalition with the PD and Frenti-Mudança. Fretilin MP and former Prime Minister Estanislau da Silva was calm in the face of the CNRT party congress' decision. The new parliament convened for the first time on 30 July 2012. On the nights of 15–17 July, violent riots broke out in Dili's Comoro neighbourhood and other outskirts. In

Hera In ancient Greek religion, Hera (; grc-gre, Ἥρα, Hḗrā; grc, Ἥρη, Hḗrē, label=none in Ionic and Homeric Greek) is the goddess of marriage, women and family, and the protector of women during childbirth. In Greek mythology, she ...

, ''Armindo Pereira Alves'', a student and Fretilin supporter from

Uato-Lari Uato-LariJornal da Républica: Diploma Ministerial n.° 199/09 ...

, was shot dead by a police officer. The officer was then temporarily suspended. When Alves' body was returned to his home, there was an attack on the police station in Uato-Lari. Four PNTL and

UNPOL The United Nations Police (UNPOL) is an integral part of the United Nations peace operations. Currently, about 11 530 UN Police officers from over 90 countries are deployed in 11 UN peacekeeping operations and 6 Special PoliticaMissions Th ...

cars were destroyed. Uato-Lari has long been considered a region of unrest, with violent clashes occurring regularly. 15 other people, including four police officers, were injured in the riots in Dili. 60 cars and seven houses were destroyed. 16 people were arrested by the police when they damaged the An-Nur Mosque, East Timor's largest mosque. National police chief Longuinhos Monteiro denied a political motivation behind the violence and Fretilin denied any responsibility for the outbreak of violence. Fretilin General Secretary Marí Alkatiri, however, blamed members of the CNRT. He said that they had spoken disparagingly about Fretilin in a discussion broadcast live on television and had provoked the unrest. Alkatiri, however, said that the CNRT had the right to form a coalition without Fretilin and that they still wanted to work with the government. CNRT General Secretary, Babo Soares, apologised for the harsh words of his party colleagues. But the head of the Australian election observers

Damien Kingsbury Damien Kingsbury (born 30 August 1955, Footscray, Victoria, Australia), is an Australian academic specializing in political and security issues. Education Kingsbury studied Journalism and Politics at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. ...

also blamed the unrest on the disappointment of Fretilin supporters who had believed in the success of the campaign to return to government. The police brought the situation back under their control by morning. UNMIT did not consider the outbreak of violence as a "major security incident."

Background

Parties and Candidate Lists

Electoral system

Campaign

Conduct

Results

Aftermath

References

Notes

Further reading

External links