The Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, also referred to as the 2010 Chinese Census, was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of November 1, 2010.^[1]

Census procedure

Census procedure was governed by the Regulations on National Population Census and the Circular of the State Council on the Conduct of the 6th National Population Census.^[1] The census cost 700 million RMB.^[2]

Results

Total population

Some of the forms used to collect census data

It found the total population of Mainland China to be 1,339,724,852 persons, an increase of 73,899,804 persons from the previous census conducted in 2000.^[3] This represented a growth rate of 5.84% over the decade, and an average annual growth rate of 0.57%. The population undercount rate of the census was estimated at 0.12%. The census also listed the population of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region as 7,097,600 persons, the population of Macau Special Administrative Region as 552,300 persons, and the population of Taiwan as 23,162,123 persons.^[1][4]

Population composition and demographics

The census found a total of 401,517,330 family households in Mainland China, with an average of 3.10 persons per household, a decrease of 0.34 persons from the 2000 census. 51.27% of the population is male, and 48.73% is female, giving a male to female ratio of 105.20 men for every 100 women, a decrease from the 2000 figure of 106.74. 49.68% of the population resided in urban areas, and 50.32% resided in rural areas, an increase of 13.46% in the proportion of the urban population. 261,386,075 people had lived in a place different from their household registration for at least six months, with 221,426,652 of these living in a different city from their registration.^[1]

16.60% of the population was aged 0–14, 70.14% was aged 15–59, and 13.26% were aged 60 or over. This represented a decrease of 6.29% in the share of the population in the youngest age group, and increases of 3.36% and 2.93% for the 15-59 and 60+ shares, respectively. 91.51% of the population was of the Han Chinese nationality, and 8.49% was of other ethnic groups. The Han population increased by 5.74%, and the population of other groups increased by a combined 6.92%.^[1]

Educational attainment

The census found that, in Mainland China, 119,636,790 people had completed higher education, 187,985,979 had completed only senior secondary education, 519,656,445 had completed only junior secondary education, 358,764,003 had completed only primary education, and 54,656,573 were illiterate. Since 2000, out of every 100,000 people, the number with higher education has increased from 3,611 to 8,930, the number with senior secondary education has increased from 11,146 to 14,032, the number with junior secondary education increased from 33,961 to 38,788, and the number of people with only primary education decreased from 35,701 to 26,779. The illiteracy rate declined from 6.72% to 4.08%.^[1]

Population distribution

Map displaying provinces whose population as a proportion of Mainland China's total population increased (green) and decreased (red)

Rank	Administrative region	Population as of 2000 Census [5]	Population as of 2010 Census[6]	Numerical change	Proportion 2000 Census[6]	Proportion 2010 Census[6]
1	Guangdong	85,225,007	104,303,132	19,078,125	6.83%	7.79%
2	Shandong	89,971,789	95,793,065	5,821,276	7.17%	7.15%
3	Henan	91,236,854	94,023,567	2,786,713	7.31%	7.02%
4	Sichuan	82,348,296	80,418,200	1,930,096	6.58%	6.00%
5	Jiangsu	73,043,577	78,659,903	5,616,326	5.88%	5.87%
6	Hebei	66,684,419	71,854,202	5,169,783	5.33%	5.36%
7	Hunan	63,274,173	65,683,722	2,409,549	5.09%	4.90%
8	Anhui	58,999,948	59,500,510	500,562	4.73%	4.44%
9	Hubei	59,508,870	57,237,740	2,271,130	4.76%	4.27%
10	Zhejiang	45,930,651	54,426,891	8,496,240	3.69%	4.06%
11	Guangxi	43,854,538	46,026,629	2,172,091	3.55%	3.44%
12	Yunnan	42,360,089	45,966,239	3,606,150	3.39%	3.43%
13	Jiangxi	40,397,598	44,567,475	4,169,877	3.27%	3.33%
14	Liaoning	41,824,412	43,746,323	1,921,911	3.35%	3.27%
15	Heilongjiang	36,237,576	38,312,224	2,074,648	2.91%	2.86%
16	Shaanxi	35,365,072	37,327,378	1,962,306	2.85%	2.79%
17	Fujian	34,097,947	36,894,216	2,796,269	2.74%	2.75%
18	Shanxi	32,471,242	35,712,111	3,240,869	2.60%	2.67%
19	Guizhou	35,247,695	34,746,468	501,227	2.78%	2.59%
20	Chongqing	30,512,763	28,846,170	1,666,593	2.44%	2.15%
21	Jilin	26,802,191	27,462,297	660,106	2.16%	2.05%
22	Gansu	25,124,282	25,575,254	450,972	2.02%	1.91%
23	Inner Mongolia	23,323,347	24,706,321	1,382,974	1.88%	1.84%
24	Shanghai	16,407,734	23,019,148	6,611,414	1.32%	1.72%
25	Xinjiang	18,459,511	21,813,334	3,353,823	1.52%	1.63%
26	Beijing	13,569,194	19,612,368	6,043,174	1.09%	1.46%
27	Tianjin	9,848,731	12,938,224	3,089,493	0.79%	0.97%
28	Hainan	7,559,035	8,671,518	1,112,483	0.62%	0.65%
29	Ningxia	5,486,393	6,301,350	814,957	0.44%	0.47%
30	Qinghai	4,822,963	5,626,722	803,759	0.41%	0.42%
31	Tibet	2,616,329	3,002,166	385,837	0.21%	0.22%
—	Military	2,498,600	2,300,000	198,600	—	—
—	Residence Difficult to Determine	—	4,649,985	—	—	—
—	National total (excluding below)	1,245,110,826	1,339,724,852	94,614,026	100%	100%
*	Hong Kong S.A.R.	6,708,389	7,061,200	352,811	—	—
*	Macau S.A.R.	431,500	552,300	120,800	—	—
*	Taiwan Area	22,276,672	23,162,123	885,451	—	—

Foreign nationals and residents of Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan

A breakdown of foreign nationals in Mainland China at the time of the census.^[7]

The census also recorded 593,832 foreign nationals, 234,829 residents of Hong Kong SAR, 21,201 residents of Macau SAR, and 170,283 residents of Taiwan residing in Mainland China, a total of 1,020,145 additional persons. 605,821 of these were male, and 414,324 were female. Of the foreign nationals, 120,750 were from the Republic of Korea, 71,493 were from the United States, 66,159 were from Japan, 39,776 were from Myanmar, 36,205 were from Vietnam, 19,990 were from Canada, 15,087 were from France, 15,051 were from India, 14,446 were from Germany, and 13,286 were from Australia. The remaining 181,589 were from other countries.^[7]

Naturalisation

According to The Economist, China had only 1,448 naturalised Chinese in total at the 2010 census.^[8]

References