2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Samuel Alito

{{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=02 , case=Locke v. Karass , type=concurrence , volume=555 , page=207 , year=2009 , issues=

First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and reco ...

{{* public employee union fees imposed on nonmembers , joined=Roberts, Scalia , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Locke v. Karass , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=03 , case=Pearson v. Callahan , type=majority , volume=555 , page=223 , year=2009 , issues=

qualified immunity In the United States, qualified immunity is a legal principle that grants government officials performing discretionary (optional) functions immunity from civil suits unless the plaintiff shows that the official violated "clearly established statu ...

{{* Fourth Amendment {{* consent-once-removed doctrine , joined=Unanimous , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=04 , case=Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Comm. , type=majority , volume=555 , page=246 , year=2009 , issues= Fourteenth Amendment {{* Equal Protection Clause {{*

sex discrimination Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primari ...

{{*

Title IX Title IX is the most commonly used name for the federal civil rights law in the United States that was enacted as part (Title IX) of the Education Amendments of 1972. It prohibits sex-based discrimination in any school or any other educat ...

{{*

section 1983 The Enforcement Act of 1871 (), also known as the Ku Klux Klan Act, Third Enforcement Act, Third Ku Klux Klan Act, Civil Rights Act of 1871, or Force Act of 1871, is an Act of the United States Congress which empowered the President to suspend ...

, joined=Unanimous , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=05 , case=Crawford v. Nashville , type=concurrence , volume=555 , page=271 , year=2009 , issues=

Title VII The Civil Rights Act of 1964 () is a landmark civil rights and labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin. It prohibits unequal application of voter registration requi ...

{{* antiretaliation provision , joined=Thomas , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Souter , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of David Souter#Crawford v. Nashville , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=06 , case=Pleasant Grove City v. Summum , type=majority , volume=555 , page=460 , year=2009 , issues=

{{*

free speech Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or legal sanction. The right to freedom of expression has been recog ...

{{* government speech {{* public forums , joined=Roberts, Stevens, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas, Ginsburg, Breyer , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1author=Stevens , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Pleasant Grove City v. Summum , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Pleasant Grove City v. Summum , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3author=Souter , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of David Souter#Pleasant Grove City v. Summum , otheropinion4type=concurrence , , otheropinion4author=Breyer , , otheropinion4link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Pleasant Grove City v. Summum , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=07 , case=Wyeth v. Levine , type=dissent , volume=555 , page=555 , year=2009 , issues=

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C) is a set of laws passed by the United States Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of f ...

{{* FDA-approved pharmaceutical labeling {{*

federal preemption In the law of the United States, federal preemption is the invalidation of a U.S. state law that conflicts with federal law. Constitutional basis According to the Supremacy Clause (Article VI, clause 2) of the United States Constitution, This ...

{{*

failure-to-warn A duty to warn is a concept that arises in the law of torts in a number of circumstances, indicating that a party will be held liable for injuries caused to another, where the party had the opportunity to warn the other of a hazard and failed to ...

of risks , joined=Roberts, Scalia , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Stevens , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Wyeth v. Levine , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Thomas , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Wyeth v. Levine , otheropinion3type=concurrence , , otheropinion3author=Breyer , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Wyeth v. Levine , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=08 , case=Kansas v. Colorado , type=majority , volume=556 , page=98 , year=2009 , issues=

original jurisdiction In common law legal systems original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision. India In India, the S ...

{{* award of

expert witness An expert witness, particularly in common law countries such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States, is a person whose opinion by virtue of education, training, certification, skills or experience, is accepted by the judge as ...

attendance fees {{* Arkansas River Compact , joined=Unanimous , otheropinion1type=concurrence , , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Kansas v. Colorado , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=09 , case=Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs , type=majority , volume=556 , page=163 , year=2009 , issues=

Hawaii Admission Act The Admission Act, formally An Act to Provide for the Admission of the State of Hawaii into the Union () is a statute enacted by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower which dissolved the Territory of Ha ...

{{*

Apology Resolution United States Public Law 103-150, informally known as the Apology Resolution, is a Joint Resolution of the U.S. Congress adopted in 1993 that "acknowledges that the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii occurred with the active participation of age ...

{{* disposition of land ceded to State upon admission to Union , joined=Unanimous , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=10 , case=Corley v. United States , type=dissent , volume=556 , page=303 , year=2009 , issues=confession after unreasonable delay {{*

Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure The Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure are the procedural rules that govern how federal criminal prosecutions are conducted in United States district courts and the general trial courts of the U.S. government. They are the companion to the Federa ...

{{* voluntariness of confession , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Thomas , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Souter , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of David Souter#Corley v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=11 , case=Arizona v. Gant , type=dissent , volume=556 , page=332 , year=2009 , issues= Fourth Amendment {{* search incident to arrest {{* vehicle search , joined=Roberts, Kennedy; Breyer (in part) , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Stevens , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Arizona v. Gant , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Arizona v. Gant , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3author=Breyer , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Arizona v. Gant , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=12 , case=Nken v. Holder , type=dissent , volume=556 , page=418 , year=2009 , issues= immigration law {{*

Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA or IIRAIRA), Division C of , made major changes to the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). IIRIRA's changes became effective on April 1, 1997. Former United Stat ...

{{* stay of removal order , joined=Thomas , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Nken v. Holder , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Kennedy , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Nken v. Holder , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=13 , case=Cone v. Bell , type=concurrencedissent , volume=556 , page=449 , year=2009 , issues= Fourteenth Amendment {{* Due Process Clause {{* state suppression of mitigating evidence {{*

adequate and independent state ground The adequate and independent state ground doctrine is a doctrine of United States law governing the power of the U.S. Supreme Court to review judgments entered by state courts. Introduction It is part of the basic framework of the American l ...

, joined= , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Stevens , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Cone v. Bell , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Cone v. Bell , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3author=Thomas , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Cone v. Bell , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=14 , case=Flores-Figueroa v. United States , type=concurrence , volume=556 , page=646 , year=2009 , issues= federal criminal law {{*

identity theft Identity theft occurs when someone uses another person's personal identifying information, like their name, identifying number, or credit card number, without their permission, to commit fraud or other crimes. The term ''identity theft'' was c ...

{{* knowing use of another person's identification , joined= , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Flores-Figueroa v. United States , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Flores-Figueroa v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=15 , case=Montejo v. Louisiana , type=concurrence , volume=556 , page=778 , year=2009 , issues= Fifth Amendment {{*

right against self-incrimination The right to silence is a legal principle which guarantees any individual the right to refuse to answer questions from law enforcement officers or court officials. It is a legal right recognized, explicitly or by convention, in many of the worl ...

{{* police interrogation after invocation of right to counsel , joined=Kennedy , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Scalia , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Montejo v. Louisiana , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2author=Stevens , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Montejo v. Louisiana , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3author=Breyer , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Montejo v. Louisiana , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=16 , case=Boyle v. United States , type=majority , volume=556 , page=938 , year=2009 , issues=

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act is a United States federal law that provides for extended criminal penalties and a civil cause of action for acts performed as part of an ongoing criminal organization. RICO was en ...

{{* association-in-fact enterprise , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Souter, Thomas, Ginsburg , otheropinion1type=dissent , , otheropinion1author=Stevens , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Boyle v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=17 , case1=Megginson v. United States , type=dissent , volume=556 , page=1230 , year=2009 , issues= Fourth Amendment {{* search incident to arrest {{* vehicle search , joined= , summary=Alito dissented from the Court's summary vacatur and remand. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=18 , case1=Grooms v. United States , type=dissent , volume=556 , page=1231 , year=2009 , issues= Fourth Amendment {{* search incident to arrest {{* vehicle search , joined= , summary=Alito dissented from the Court's summary vacatur and remand. {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=19 , case=Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez , type=concurrence , volume=557 , page=1 , year=2009 , issues= Tonnage Clause {{* local property tax on vessels , joined= , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Roberts , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3author=Stevens , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Polar Tankers, Inc. v. City of Valdez , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=20 , case=District Attorney's Office for Third Judicial Dist. v. Osborne , type=concurrence , volume=557 , page=52 , year=2009 , issues= Due Process Clause {{* postconviction access to state evidence for

DNA testing Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, o ...

{{*

substantive due process Substantive due process is a principle in United States constitutional law that allows courts to establish and protect certain fundamental rights from government interference, even if only procedural protections are present or the rights are unen ...

, joined=Kennedy; Thomas (in part) , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Roberts , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Roberts#District Attorney's Office for Third Judicial Dist. v. Osborne , otheropinion2type=dissent , , otheropinion2author=Stevens , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#District Attorney's Office for Third Judicial Dist. v. Osborne , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3author=Souter , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of David Souter#District Attorney's Office for Third Judicial Dist. v. Osborne , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=21 , case=Yeager v. United States , type=dissent , volume=557 , page=110 , year=2009 , issues= Double Jeopardy Clause {{* issue preclusion {{* inconsistency between acquittal and

hung jury A hung jury, also called a deadlocked jury, is a judicial jury that cannot agree upon a verdict after extended deliberation and is unable to reach the required unanimity or supermajority. Hung jury usually results in the case being tried again. T ...

, joined=Scalia, Thomas , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Stevens , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of John Paul Stevens#Yeager v. United States , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Kennedy , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Yeager v. United States , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3author=Scalia , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Yeager v. United States , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=22 , case=Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend , type=dissent , volume=557 , page=404 , year=2009 , issues= maritime law {{* Jones Act {{*

punitive damages Punitive damages, or exemplary damages, are damages assessed in order to punish the defendant for outrageous conduct and/or to reform or deter the defendant and others from engaging in conduct similar to that which formed the basis of the lawsuit. ...

, joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Thomas , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Clarence Thomas#Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=23 , case=Horne v. Flores , type=majority , volume=557 , page=433 , year=2009 , issues=

Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 The Equal Educational Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974 is a federal law of the United States of America. It prohibits discrimination against faculty, staff, and students, including racial segregation of students, and requires school districts ...

{{* state funding of English language instruction {{* Article III {{*

standing Standing, also referred to as orthostasis, is a position in which the body is held in an ''erect'' ("orthostatic") position and supported only by the feet. Although seemingly static, the body rocks slightly back and forth from the ankle in the s ...

{{* Federal Rules of Civil Procedure {{* relief from judgment based on changed circumstances {{* No Child Left Behind Act , joined=Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas , otheropinion1type=dissent , , otheropinion1author=Breyer , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Stephen Breyer#Horne v. Flores , summary= {{SCOTUS-justice-listentry , #=24 , case=Ricci v. DeStefano , type=concurrence , volume=557 , page=557 , year=2009 , issues=

{{* disparate impact {{* exams used for employee promotions , joined=Scalia, Thomas , otheropinion1type=majority , , otheropinion1author=Kennedy , , otheropinion1link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Anthony Kennedy#Ricci v. DeStefano , otheropinion2type=concurrence , , otheropinion2author=Scalia , , otheropinion2link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Antonin Scalia#Ricci v. DeStefano , otheropinion3type=dissent , , otheropinion3author=Ginsburg , , otheropinion3link=2008 term United States Supreme Court opinions of Ruth Bader Ginsburg#Ricci v. DeStefano , summary=