The 1st Army Corps was an army corps of the

Soviet Armed Forces The Soviet Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union and as the Red Army (, Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза), were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991), and t ...

. It was formed in 1957 and finally deactivated in 1991. It draws its history from the 1st Rifle Corps, formed in 1922. Troops of the 1st Rifle Corps participated in the

Winter War The Winter War,, sv, Vinterkriget, rus, Зи́мняя война́, r=Zimnyaya voyna. The names Soviet–Finnish War 1939–1940 (russian: link=no, Сове́тско-финская война́ 1939–1940) and Soviet–Finland War 1 ...

(November 1939 - March 1940) and

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the World War II by country, vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great power ...

First Formation

The corps was formed in June, 1922 in

Petrograd Saint Petersburg ( rus, links=no, Санкт-Петербург, a=Ru-Sankt Peterburg Leningrad Petrograd Piter.ogg, r=Sankt-Peterburg, p=ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk), formerly known as Petrograd (1914–1924) and later Leningrad (1924–1991), i ...

(currently Saint-Petersburg) as the 1st Army Corps (1 ak). Creation of the corps was based on a Directive of the Commander number 195060/69, of 15 May 1922, Order Petrograd VO No.1416/383, 6 June 1922. In July 1922 it was named the 1st Rifle Corps. In 1926 corps headquarters was moved to

Novgorod Veliky Novgorod ( rus, links=no, Великий Новгород, t=Great Newtown, p=vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj ˈnovɡərət), also known as just Novgorod (), is the largest city and administrative centre of Novgorod Oblast, Russia. It is one of the ...

, and in 1938 to

Pskov Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...

. On May 15, 1939, the

75th Rifle Division 75th may refer to: *75th Academy Awards honored the best films of 2002, held on March 23, 2003 * 75th Avenue–61st Street Historic District, a national historic district in Ridgewood, Queens, New York * 75th Grey Cup, the 1987 Canadian Football Le ...

(75th RD) was transferred from the

14th Rifle Corps 14 (fourteen) is a natural number following 13 and preceding 15. In relation to the word "four" ( 4), 14 is spelled "fourteen". In mathematics * 14 is a composite number. * 14 is a square pyramidal number. * 14 is a stella octangula number ...

(

Kharkov Military District The Kharkov Military District () was a military district of the Russian Empire, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and the Soviet Union. Throughout its history, the district headquarters was located in the city of Kharkov in northeast ...

) and arrived in the

Leningrad Military District The Leningrad Military District was a military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In 2010 it was merged with the Moscow Military District, the Northern Fleet and the Baltic Fleet to form the new Western Military District ...

. In September 1939, the 75th Rifle Division concentrated in the 1st Rifle Corps 8th Army on the border with

Estonia Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, an ...

. In November 1939 the 75th Rifle Division arrived in Schlusselburg (LenVO) where on vehicles it was transferred to Karelia, as part of the 1st Rifle Corps, 8th Army, LenVO. That same month corps headquarters was moved to

Petrozavodsk Petrozavodsk (russian: Петрозаводск, p=pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk; Karelian, Vepsian and fi, Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some . The population ...

(November 1939 - April 1940). Corps Headquarters was located at: *

(April - June 1940); *

Tartu Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after the Northern European country's political and financial capital, Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 91,407 (as of 2021). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of ...

(June - July 1940); *

Białystok Białystok is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. It is the tenth-largest city in Poland, second in terms of population density, and thirteenth in area. Białystok is located in the Białystok U ...

( from July 1940). The corps was a part of the: * Petrograd Military District (1922-1924); *

(1924-1939); * 8th Army

(November 1939 - July 1940 ); * 10th Army

Western Special Military District Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US *Western, New York, a town in the US * Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that i ...

(July 1940). The corps participated in the Soviet-Finnish War (1939-1940) (November 1939 - March 1940). On June 22, 1941, at the beginning of

Operation Barbarossa Operation Barbarossa (german: link=no, Unternehmen Barbarossa; ) was the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and many of its Axis allies, starting on Sunday, 22 June 1941, during the Second World War. The operation, code-named afte ...

, the corps comprised the: * Corps Headquarters ( Bialystok) Location parts of the Western Special Military District at 30.05.1941
/ref> * 2nd Rifle Division ( Osovets) *

8th Rifle Division 8th Rifle Division can refer to: * 8th Guards Motor Rifle Division * 8th Motor Rifle Division NKVD * 8th Rifle Division (Soviet Union) * 8th Siberian Rifle Division {{mil-unit-dis ...

(

Stavisky ''Stavisky...'' is a 1974 French biographical drama film based on the life of the financier and embezzler Alexandre Stavisky and the circumstances leading to his mysterious death in 1934. This gave rise to a political scandal known as the Stavisk ...

) * 130th Corps Artillery Regiment (

Łomża Łomża (), in English known as Lomza, is a city in north-eastern Poland, approximately 150 kilometers (90 miles) to the north-east of Warsaw and west of Białystok. It is situated alongside the Narew river as part of the Podlaskie Voivodeship ...

) * 262nd Corps Artillery Regiment * 23rd Separate Communications Battalion General Major F.D. Rubtsov was the corps commander. Last mention in the Boevoi sostav Sovetskoi armii (Combat composition of the Soviet Army, BSSA) was on 1 July 1941 with the corps directly subordinated to the

Western Front (Soviet Union) The Western Front was a front of the Red Army, one of the Red Army Fronts during World War II. The Western Front was created on 22 June 1941 from the Western Special Military District (which before July 1940 was known as Belorussian Special ...

Second formation

The corps reappeared in BSSA on 1 June 1942 directly subordinated to the

North Caucasian Front The North Caucasian Front or North Caucasus Front was a major formation of the Red Army during the Second World War. The North Caucasus Front describes either of two distinct organizations during the war. First Creation The first formation wa ...

, and made up of four rifle brigades. Thereafter, the last 1942 BSSA mention of the corps is on 1 August 1942.

Third formation and Cold War

The 1st Rifle Corps reappears in the BSSA on 1 September 1943 as part of the Northwestern Front. Final mention on 1 May 1945 subordinated to the 1st Shock Army,

Leningrad Front The Leningrad Front (russian: Ленинградский фронт) was formed during the 1941 German approach on Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg) by dividing the Northern Front into the Leningrad Front and Karelian Front on August 27, 1941. ...

, and in command of the 306th, 344th, and

357th Rifle Division 357th may refer to: *357th Air & Missile Defense Detachment, brigade level Air Defense unit of the United States Army * 357th Airlift Squadron (357 AS), part of the 908th Airlift Wing at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama * 357th Fighter Group, air co ...

s. The corps headquarters, as well as the 4th Shock Army, was moved to Central Asia after the end of the war and established at

Ashgabat Ashgabat or Asgabat ( tk, Aşgabat, ; fa, عشق‌آباد, translit='Ešqābād, formerly named Poltoratsk ( rus, Полтора́цк, p=pəltɐˈratsk) between 1919 and 1927), is the capital and the largest city of Turkmenistan. It lies ...

. On 25 June 1957 it was renamed the 1st Army Corps.Holm, http://www.ww2.dk/new/army/armies/32oa.htm, 2015. In April 1970, the corps headquarters was moved to

Semipalatinsk Semey ( kk, Семей, Semei, سەمەي; cyrl, Семей ), until 2007 known as Semipalatinsk (russian: Семипала́тинск) and in 1917–1920 as Alash-kala ( kk, Алаш-қала, ''Alaş-qala''), is a city in eastern Kazakhst ...

, where in September 1981 it was raised in status to become 32nd Army. A tank division may have moved to Semipalatinsk alongside the corps headquarters. 32nd Army was redesignated 1st Army Corps once again on 1 March 1988, but on 4 June 1991 the headquarters was again renamed to become

40th Army The 40th Army (, ''40-ya obshchevoyskovaya armiya'', "40th Combined Arms Army") of the Soviet Ground Forces was an army-level command that participated in World War II from 1941 to 1945 and was reformed specifically for the Soviet–Afghan War fr ...

Commanders

* Vasily Blyukher (1922-1924) * Mikhail Sangursky (August 1924 -May 1926) *

Vitaly Primakov Vitaliy Markovich Primakov ( rus, Виталий Маркович Примаков, Vitaliy Markovich Primakov; uk, Віталій Маркович Примаков) (3 December 1897 – 12 June 1937) was a Soviet revolutionary, military le ...

(May 1926 – 1927) * Mikhail Kalmykov (July 1927) * Eduard Lepin (July 1930) *

Yakov Sheko Yakov Vasilyevich Sheko (; 1 April 1893 – 5 June 1938) was a Red Army ''Komdiv''. He fought in the Imperial Russian Army during World War I, rising from private to officer, and joined the Red Army in 1918, fighting in the Russian Civil War and ...

(September 1930 - July 1931) * Leonty Ugryumov (July 1931 -February 1935) * Vladimir Kurdyumov (May 1935 - March 1937), * Mikhail Khozin (March 1937-July 1937), * Vasily Malofeev (August 1937-August 1938) * Valerian A. Frolov (January -October 1939) *

Roman Ivanovich Panin Roman Ivanovich Panin (; 28 September 1897 – 1 June 1949) was a Soviet major general from during World War II. An Imperial Russian Army junior officer in World War I, he joined the Red Army in 1919. Panin fought in the Russian Civil War and con ...

(October 21, 1939 -December 29, 1939), * Dmitry Timofeyevich Kozlov (December 1939 -April 1940) * Fyodor Dmitrijevich Rubtsov (April 27, 1940 -July 6, 1941) * Vasily Kotelnikov (September 3, 1943 - May 27, 1944) * Nikolai Vasilyev (May 28, 1944 - July 1945)

Notes

References

* {{Soviet Union corps 001 Military units and formations established in 1957 Military units and formations disestablished in 1991 ru:1-й стрелковый корпус (2-го формирования)