1994 Mindoro earthquake
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The 1994 Mindoro earthquake occurred at near
Mindoro Mindoro is the seventh largest and eighth-most populous island in the Philippines. With a total land area of 10,571 km2 ( 4,082 sq.mi ) and has a population of 1,408,454 as of 2020 census. It is located off the southwestern coast of Luz ...
,
Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...
. It had a
moment magnitude The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted explicitly with or Mw, and generally implied with use of a single M for magnitude) is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment. It was defined in a 1979 pape ...
of 7.1 and a maximum Rossi–Forel of VII (''Very strong tremor''). It is associated with a
ground rupture In seismology, surface rupture (or ground rupture, or ground displacement) is the visible offset of the ground surface when an earthquake rupture along a fault affects the Earth's surface. Surface rupture is opposed by buried rupture, where the ...
, called the Aglubang River fault.Rimando, R.E., Punongbayan, R.S., Geronimo-Catane, S.G., Mirabueno, H.S., Rasdas, A.S., 1995. Ground rupture of the November 15, 1994, Oriental Mindoro (Philippines) earthquake. XXI General Assembly of IUGG, Abstracts, p. A422. Seventy eight people were reported dead, and 7,566 houses were damaged. The earthquake generated a tsunami and landslides on the Verde Island.


Earthquake

The epicenter of this earthquake was located in the Verde Island Passage, a strait separating
Luzon Luzon (; ) is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as ...
and Mindoro. The focal mechanism showed predominantly right-lateral strike-slip faulting. The released
seismic moment Seismic moment is a quantity used by seismologists to measure the size of an earthquake. The scalar seismic moment M_0 is defined by the equation M_0=\mu AD, where *\mu is the shear modulus of the rocks involved in the earthquake (in pascals (Pa), ...
was about 5.12×1019 Nm.


Surface faulting

The Aglubang River fault, which shows a right-lateral strike-slip sense of movement, extends from Malaylay Island in the north of Oriental Mindoro to Alcate, Victoria in the south. Measurements along the rupture reveal a maximum horizontal displacement of and a maximum vertical displacement of .


Tsunami

The earthquake generated a tsunami, which affected Mindoro, the Verde Island, the Baco Islands, and Luzon. Some concrete structures also suffered moderate damage in the tsunami. In Baco Islands, the vertical run-up reached . The tsunami was also recorded in Lobo. The tsunami was larger than expected considering the strike-slip movement of the earthquake.


See also

* List of earthquakes in 1994 * List of earthquakes in the Philippines


References


Further reading

*


External links

* {{Earthquakes in the Philippines 1994 disasters in the Philippines Earthquakes in the Philippines 1994 earthquakes 1994 tsunamis History of Occidental Mindoro History of Oriental Mindoro