The years before 1890 featured the pre-1890 North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons. Each season was an event in the annual cycle of

tropical cyclone A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depend ...

formation. The North Indian tropical cyclone season has no bounds, but they tend to form between April and December, peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or ~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east. To the south it is bounded by th ...

. Below are the most significant cyclones in the time period. Because much of the North Indian coastline is near sea level and prone to flooding, these cyclones can easily kill many with

storm surge A storm surge, storm flood, tidal surge, or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones. It is measured as the rise in water level above the n ...

and flooding. These cyclones are among the deadliest on earth in terms of numbers killed.

Before 18th century

*1000 - A Cyclone with Hurricane force Winds struck

North Cinque Island North Cinque Island or ''Gue-a-lue''US Hydrographic Office (1916Bay of Bengal Pilot page 288. H.O. pub. 160, Government Printing Office. is an uninhabited island of the Andaman Islands. It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, p ...

Andaman Islands The Andaman Islands () are an archipelago in the northeastern Indian Ocean about southwest off the coasts of Myanmar's Ayeyarwady Region. Together with the Nicobar Islands to their south, the Andamans serve as a maritime boundary between th ...

. *1480 - A cyclone deepened the channels of

Adam's Bridge Adam's Bridge, '; ta, ஆதாம் பாலம் ' also known as Rama's Bridge or ''Rama Setu'', '; ta, ராமர் பாலம் '; sa, रामसेतु ' is a chain of natural limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, a ...

, making it no longer possible to walk from India to Sri Lanka. *1484 - A Cyclone struck Chittagong Coast of Bangladesh with Hurricane force winds, killing 200000 people. *1582 – A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal which killed 200,000 people. According to Banglapedia, a five-hour hurricane and thunderstorm destroyed houses and boats in the coast near Bakerganj (presently in

Barisal Barisal ( or ; bn, বরিশাল, ), officially known as Barishal, is a major city that lies on the banks of the Kirtankhola river in south-central Bangladesh. It is the largest city and the administrative headquarter of both Barisal Dist ...

and Patuakhali). Only Hindu temples with a strong foundation were spared. *1584 – A tropical cyclone impacted Bangladesh and killed 200,000 people. *15 May 1618- A tropical cyclone impacted

Bombay Mumbai (, ; also known as Bombay — the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the ''de facto'' financial centre of India. According to the United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai is the second- ...

and was described as "Disastrous" *1688 – A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal. *September 1698- A Tropical cyclone struck Bombay *1699 – A tropical cyclone impacted Kolkata and killed 60,000 people.

18th century

*30 November 1702- A Tropical cyclone struck Bombay and destroyed all the small boats of the island, and the mango, jack and palm trees were blown down. The wind destroyed almost the whole produce of the island and wrecked the greater part of the shipping, The Cyclone was preceded with a plaque outbreak *November 13–14, 1721 – A tropical cyclone impacted Madras. *October 7–12, 1737 – A tropical cyclone impacted the Sundarbans and West Bengal and killed 3,000–300,000 people. *November 9, 1740- A tropical cyclone impacted Bombay *September 11, 1742- A tropical cyclone struck Bombay ,the storm would force all the ships in the harbour from their anchors. Royal ships called Somerset and Salisbury, were damaged from the Tempest. The storm bought great devastation and was described as "The Records state that the gale was so excessive, ’as has not been exceeded in the memory of any one now on the spot" *March 7, 1762- A Tropical cyclone struck Bombay *December 1789 – A tropical cyclone impacted Coringa, India and killed 20,000. *November 1799- A tropical cyclone passed over Bombay

Early 19th century

*1807 – A tropical cyclone impacted West Bengal and killed 90,000 people. *1822 - A cyclone struck Bangladesh and killed 40,000 people. *1831 – An intense tropical cyclone impacted Odisha. *1833 – A tropical cyclone impacted West Bengal and killed around 50,000 people, with a record low of 891 milibar in North Indian Ocean, lowest over Indian Ocean. *June 15, 1837- A cyclone struck Mumbai that destroyed 400 houses *1847 – A tropical cyclone impacted Bengal where it caused 75,000 deaths and 6000 cattle. *1854- A Tropical cyclone struck Bombay causing Considerable damage

1839 India cyclone

A tropical cyclone impacted

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...

, India on November 25, 1839 and killed around 300,000 people.

Late 19th century

1864 Calcutta cyclone

On October 5, a powerful cyclone hit near Calcutta, India, killing around 300,100 people. The anemometer in the city was blown away during the cyclone. Over 100 brick homes and tens of thousands of tiled and straw huts were leveled. Most ships in the harbor (172 out of 195) were either damaged or destroyed. The cyclone of 1864 destroyed the ports at

Khejuri Khejuri (also spelled Khajuri) is a village and gram panchayat, in Khejuri II CD Block in Contai subdivision of Purba Medinipur district in the state of West Bengal, India. History According to Binoy Ghosh, in an era when the Magh and Portug ...

and Hijli.

November 1867 Great Calcutta cyclone

The anemometer in the city was blown away during the cyclone. A lack of storm surge minimized the overall damage from this system.

October 1874 Bengal cyclone

This severe cyclone killed 80,000 people and caused significant damage.

October 1876 Backerganj cyclone

On October 31, a cyclone hit the Meghna River Delta area of India. The storm surge killed 100,000, and the disease after the storm killed another 100,000.

1877 season

1877 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary

1878 season

1878 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary

1879 season

1879 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary

1880 season

1880 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary

June 1885 Aden cyclone

A cyclone had formed near the

Laccadive Islands The Laccadive or Cannanore Islands are one of the three island subgroups in the Union Territory of Lakshadweep, India. It is the central subgroup of the Lakshadweep, separated from the Amindivi Islands subgroup roughly by the 11th parallel ...

on May 24, west of southern India. The SS ''Mergui'' encountered the cyclone off the Horn of Africa, east of

Socotra Socotra or Soqotra (; ar, سُقُطْرَىٰ ; so, Suqadara) is an island of the Republic of Yemen in the Indian Ocean, under the ''de facto'' control of the UAE-backed Southern Transitional Council, a secessionist participant in Yemen’s ...

on June 1 and reported it stronger than the tropical cyclone which struck Calcutta in 1864. Just before midnight on the night of June 1, the ''Diomed'' reported winds of hurricane force and a pressure of . The ship ''Peshawar'' reported a westerly hurricane at the east end of the Gulf of Aden towards midnight on the night of June 2. At noon on June 3, the Tantallon reported a pressure of near 12.5N 45.5E. On June 3, the German

corvette A corvette is a small warship. It is traditionally the smallest class of vessel considered to be a proper (or " rated") warship. The warship class above the corvette is that of the frigate, while the class below was historically that of the slo ...

Augusta, the French dispatch boat ''Renard'', and the British ship SS ''Speke Hall'' were lost in the storm in the

Gulf of Aden The Gulf of Aden ( ar, خليج عدن, so, Gacanka Cadmeed 𐒅𐒖𐒐𐒕𐒌 𐒋𐒖𐒆𐒗𐒒) is a deepwater gulf of the Indian Ocean between Yemen to the north, the Arabian Sea to the east, Djibouti to the west, and the Guardafui Channe ...

. The system continued westward and shrank in scale as it moved into the entrance of the

Red Sea The Red Sea ( ar, البحر الأحمر - بحر القلزم, translit=Modern: al-Baḥr al-ʾAḥmar, Medieval: Baḥr al-Qulzum; or ; Coptic: ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϩⲁϩ ''Phiom Enhah'' or ⲫⲓⲟⲙ ⲛ̀ϣⲁⲣⲓ ''Phiom ǹšari''; T ...

, crossing the coast of

Djibouti Djibouti, ar, جيبوتي ', french: link=no, Djibouti, so, Jabuuti officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a country in the Horn of Africa, bordered by Somalia to the south, Ethiopia to the southwest, Eritrea in the north, and the Red ...

. It became the first north indian ocean tropical cyclone in recorded history to transit the gulf of Aden with fully hurricane intensity and held the record of westernmost landfalling North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone ever.

1885 Odisha cyclone

An intense cyclone struck Odisha. It killed one person.

1888 Gujarat Cyclone

On November a violent cyclonic storm with hurricane-force winds struck Gujarat causing a ship sunk, killing 1300 people.

References

General references

External links

JTWC Archive
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pre-1890 North Indian Ocean Cyclone Seasons

1800 As of March 1 ( O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28 ( O.S. February 16), ...

Indian Ocean North,1800 India,1800