1599

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Events

January–June

* January 8 – The Jesuit educational plan, known as the '' Ratio Studiorum'', is issued.
* March 12 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, by Queen Elizabeth I of England.
* April 23 – The Earl of Essex arrives in Dublin at the head of 16,000 troops, the largest army ever seen in Ireland.
* May 16 – The Kalmar Bloodbath takes place in Kalmar, Sweden.
* May 29 – Essex takes Cahir Castle, supposedly the strongest in Ireland, after a short siege.
* June 20 – The Synod of Diamper is convened.

July–December

* July – Second Dutch Expedition to Indonesia: A Dutch fleet returns to Amsterdam, carrying 600,000 pounds of pepper and 250,000 pounds of cloves and nutmeg.
* July 24 – Swedish King Sigismund III Vasa is dethroned by his uncle Duke Charles, who takes over as regent of the realm until 1604, when he becomes King Charles IX.
* August 15 – First Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces defeat the English.
* September 21 – The first reported performance at the Globe Theatre in London (erected over Spring/Summer), a presentation of Shakespeare's ''Julius Caesar'' (probably new to that year), is recorded by Swiss traveller Thomas Platter the Younger.
* September 28 – The Earl of Essex arrives back in England, disobeying the Queen's strict orders.
* October 18 – Battle of Sellenberk: Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, defeats the army of Andrew Báthory near Șelimbăr, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanians.
* November 10 – The Åbo Bloodbath takes place in Åbo, Swedish Finland.
* November – Persian embassy to Europe (1599–1602): A Persian embassy arrives in Moscow.
* December 19 – The forces of Minye Thihathu II of Toungoo and his ally Min Razagyi of the Kingdom of Mrauk U end the First Toungoo Empire by capturing Pegu (modern-day Bago, Myanmar).

Date unknown

* The first Capuchin friar is entombed in the Catacombe dei Cappuccini in Palermo (Sicily).

Births

January–March

* January 22 – Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre, English baron (d. 1638)
* January 31 – Juraj V Zrinski, Ban of Croatia (d. 1626)
* February 12
** Duke Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, third son of Duke Friedrich Wilhelm I of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1625)
** Thomas Whitmore, English lawyer and politician who sat in the House of Commons (d. 1677)
* February 13 – Pope Alexander VII (d. 1667)
* March 1 – John Mennes, English Royal Navy admiral (d. 1671)
* March 3 – Juan Alfonso Enríquez de Cabrera, Viceroy of Sicily and Viceroy of Naples (d. 1647)
* March 13 – John Berchmans, Belgian Jesuit scholastic and saint (d. 1621)
* March 22 – Anthony van Dyck, Flemish painter (d. 1641)
* March 23 – Thomas Selle, German baroque composer (d. 1663)
* March 28 – Witte de With, famous Dutch naval officer of the 17th century (d. 1658)

April–June

* April 9 – Sir Thomas Mauleverer, 1st Baronet (d. 1655)
* April 17 – Patrick Fleming, Irish Franciscan friar and scholar (murdered) (d. 1631)
* April 25 – Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (d. 1658)
* May 16 – Nicolaes Olycan, Dutch businessman (d. 1639)
* May 30 – Samuel Bochart, French Protestant biblical scholar (d. 1667)
* June 1 – Elizabeth Lucretia, Duchess of Cieszyn, Duchess ''suo jure'' of Cieszyn (d. 1653)
* June 6 – Diego Velázquez, Spanish painter (d. 1660)

July–September

* July 23 – Stephanius, Danish historian (d. 1650)
* July 27 – Albert IV, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach (1640–1644) (d. 1644)
* August 11 – Christian II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg (1630–1656) (d. 1656)
* August 13 – Johannes Buxtorf II, Swiss theologian (d. 1664)
* August 14 – Méric Casaubon, English classicist (d. 1671)
* August 16 – Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona, Spanish noble (d. 1653)
* August 22 – Agatha Marie of Hanau, German noblewoman (d. 1636)
* September 7 – Jacob Westerbaen, Dutch poet (d. 1670)
* September 20 – Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German Protestant military leader (d. 1626)
* September 24 – Adam Olearius, German scholar (d. 1671)
* September 25 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss sculptor and architect (d. 1667)
* September 30 – Frances Seymour, Duchess of Somerset (d. 1674)

October–December

* October 10
** Samuel Clarke, English writer and priest (d. 1683)
** Étienne Moulinié, French Baroque composer (d. 1676)
* October 11 – Abraham de Fabert, Marshal of France (d. 1662)
* October 15 – Cornelis de Graeff, Dutch mayor (d. 1664)
* October 28 – Marie of the Incarnation, French foundress of the Ursuline Monastery in Quebec (d. 1672)
* October 31 – Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English statesman and writer (d. 1680)
* November 5 – Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo, Italian prince-bishop (d. 1658)
* November 11
** Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, German princess and queen consort of Sweden (d. 1655)
** Ottavio Piccolomini, Austrian-Italian field marshal (d. 1656)
* November 13 – Otto Christoph von Sparr, German general (d. 1668)
* November 15 – Werner Rolfinck, German physician, chemist, botanist and philosopher (d. 1673)
* November 29 – Peter Heylin, English ecclesiastic and author of many polemical works (d. 1662)
* November 30 – Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter of High Baroque Classicism (d. 1661)
* December 2
** Thomas Bruce, 1st Earl of Elgin, Scottish nobleman (d. 1663)
** Alexander Daniell, sole proprietor of the Manor of Alverton, Cornwall (d. 1668)
* December 11 – Pieter Codde, Dutch painter (d. 1678)
* December 14 – Charles Berkeley, 2nd Viscount Fitzhardinge, English politician (d. 1668)
* December 16 – Jacques Vallée, Sieur Des Barreaux, French poet (d. 1673)
* December 20 – Niels Trolle, Governor General of Norway (d. 1667)
* December 29 – Gabriel Bucelin, German historian (d. 1681)

Date unknown

* John Alden, English settler of Plymouth Colony (d. 1687)
* Stefan Czarniecki, Polish military commander (d. 1665)
* Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, English courtier (d. 1660)
* Charlotte Stanley, Countess of Derby defender of Latham House (d. 1664)
* Jirgalang, Qing Dynasty prince (d. 1655)

Deaths

* January 13 – Edmund Spenser, English poet (b. 1552)
* January 22 – Cristofano Malvezzi, Italian composer (b. 1547)
* February 8 – Robert Rollock, Scottish Presbyterian, first principal of the university of Edinburgh (b. 1555)
* March 19 – Stanisław Radziwiłł, Grand Marshal of Lithuania (b. 1559)
* April 10 – Gabrielle d'Estrées, mistress of King Henry IV of France (b. 1573)
* April 14 – Henry Wallop, English statesman (b. c. 1540)
* April 22 – Lorenz Scholz von Rosenau, German botanist (b. 1552)
* April 27 – Maeda Toshiie, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1538)
* May 12 – Sultan Murad Mirza, Mughal prince (b. 1570)
* May 28 – Maria of Nassau, Dutch Countess (b. 1539)
* June 2 – Philipp V, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1541)
* June 14 – Kōriki Masanaga, Japanese military commander (b. 1558)
* June 29 – Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria, Austrian archduchess (b. 1576)
* July – Kwon Yul, Korean military commander (b. 1537)
* July 11 – Chōsokabe Motochika, Japanese Sengoku Period daimyō
* August 22 – Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (b. 1553)
* September 1 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (b. 1565)
* September 11 – Beatrice Cenci, Italian noblewoman (executed for patricide) (b. 1577)
* August 8 – Song Ik-pil, Korean scholar (b. 1534)
* October 18 – Daniel Adam z Veleslavína, Czech lexicographer (b. 1546)
* November 3 – Andrew Báthory, deposed Prince of Transylvania (decapitated) (b. c. 1563)
* November 7 – Gasparo Tagliacozzi, Italian surgeon (b. 1545)
* November 8 – Francisco Guerrero, Spanish composer (b. 1528)
* November 22 – Nanbu Nobunao, Japanese daimyō (b. 1546)
* December 13 – Enrico Caetani, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1550)
* December 14 – Joan Boyle, English noble, first spouse of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork (b. 1578)
* December 27 – Francisco Pérez de Valenzuela, Spanish noble (b. 1528)
* After December 18 – Minye Kyawswa II of Ava, Burmese defecting crown prince of the Toungoo Empire (killed by invading forces) (b. 1567)
* ''date unknown'' – Chand Bibi, Indian regent and warrior (b. 1550)

References

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