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(, "practice", , "dress or "clothes"), also known as or , is a traditional uniform worn for training in Japanese martial arts and their derivatives. Emerging in the late 19th century, the was developed by judo founder Kanō Jigorō.

Origin

Japanese martial arts historian Dave Lowry speculates that Kanō derived the uniform's design from the uniforms of Japanese firefighters' heavy hemp jackets, . By 1920, the as it exists today was worn by Kanō's students for judo practice; a photo displayed in the Kodokan (judo headquarters) taken in 1920 shows Kanō himself wearing a modern .

Until the 1920s, Okinawan karate practice was usually performed in everyday clothes. Given the social climate between the Japanese and Okinawans during this time, karate was seen as brutish compared to Japanese martial arts, which had their roots in samurai culture, such as jujutsu. To help market karate to the Japanese, Gichin Funakoshi – the founder of Shotokan karate and the instructor responsible for importing karate to mainland Japan – adopted a uniform style similar to Kanō's design.

Construction

Over time, karate practitioners modified the for karate by lightening the weave of the fabric, and adding strings to the inside of the jacket, tied to keep the jacket closed. The jacket is also held closed by a belt or .

The top part of the is called the . The trousers of the are called , or .

In modern times, white, black, blue and indigo are the most common colours of . In competitive judo, one contestant wears a white uniform, and their opponent wears a blue one. However, traditionally, the was white in all instances.

Commonly used include:

* , aikido uniform)
* Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu gi/kimono (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu uniform)
* , Korean martial arts uniform
* , judo uniform
* , jujutsu uniform
* , karate uniform
* kendo uniform, consisting of an and a
* Sambo uniform
* , Vietnamese martial arts uniform

can also be replaced by , meaning "the way", referring to both the martial art and the lifestyle of the martial artist. In this, it is similar to the term for Korean martial arts uniforms, .

materials

* Single weave: A lighter material, cooler for use in the summer.
* Double weave: A very thick material, not as cool as other weaves.
* Gold weave: Between a single and double weave thickness; gold weave was initially required by the International Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Federation in order to standardize for competitions.
* Platinum weave: Lighter than gold weave, cooler for use in the summer.

Notes

References

See also

*
*

External links

{{Japanese clothing

1920s fashion
Japanese martial arts terminology
Martial arts uniforms
Uniforms
Japanese words and phrases