Petar Šimun "Šime" Budinić Zadranin ( lat, Piersimeone Budineo) (1535 – 13 December 1600) was a 16th-century

Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetian and the like may also refer to: * Venetian language, a Romance language s ...

- Croatian

Catholic The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics worldwide . It is among the world's oldest and largest international institutions, and has played a ...

priest and writer from

Zadar Zadar ( , ; historically known as Zara (from Venetian and Italian: ); see also other names), is the oldest continuously inhabited Croatian city. It is situated on the Adriatic Sea, at the northwestern part of Ravni Kotari region. Zadar ser ...

Venetian Dalmatia Venetian Dalmatia ( la, Dalmatia Veneta) refers to parts of Dalmatia under the rule of the Republic of Venice, mainly from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Dalmatia was first sold to Venice in 1409 but Venetian Dalmatia was not fully consolidated ...

(today

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = " Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capi ...

). He was a translator of psalms and catechetical texts, promoter of post- Tridentine Catholicism, and a poet.

Early life

Budinić was born in

in the period between 1530 and 1535 in a family that originated from the Zadar hinterland. His father was a goldsmith whose name was Mihovil and his mother Klara was from the De Sanctis family. He was most likely educated by the

Franciscan , image = FrancescoCoA PioM.svg , image_size = 200px , caption = A cross, Christ's arm and Saint Francis's arm, a universal symbol of the Franciscans , abbreviation = OFM , predecessor = , ...

s from Zadar, and knew both the

Glagolitic The Glagolitic script (, , ''glagolitsa'') is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed to have been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byzan ...

and

Cyrillic The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking co ...

scripts well. It is assumed that he completed elementary and humanist education in Zadar, and higher education in

Padua Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of the ...

. Budinić became a Catholic priest in Zadar and advanced to the position of

canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the conceptual material accepted as official in a fictional universe by its fan base * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western ca ...

in 1560. Scholars disagree whether or not Budinić attended the

Council of Trent The Council of Trent ( la, Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento), now in northern Italy, was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it has been described a ...

. For many years Budinić was a notary in Zadar and

chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...

in the

Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zadar The Archdiocese of Zadar ( hr, Zadarska nadbiskupija; la, Archidioecesis Iadrensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic church in Croatia.dodecasyllable, seven of them still preserved, some of them in honor of Pelegrinović's ''Jeđupka''. At that time he also authored one short Latin

satire Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming o ...

on the subject of cheated husbands. Budinić was a light-headed young priest who was even temporary expelled from Catholicism because of his misconduct, after he was reported for beating one of his fellow priests who swore his parents. Thanks to the influence of his family, this excommunication was abolished without endangering the advance in his career. In 1570 Budinić was appointed as chaplain of the Chapel of

Saint Lucia Saint Lucia ( acf, Sent Lisi, french: Sainte-Lucie) is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean. The island was previously called Iouanalao and later Hewanorra, names given by the native Arawaks and Caribs, two Ameri ...

on the island Pag and in 1577 he became chief vicar of the Archdiocese of Zadar.

Chakavian period

In June 1581, Budinić travelled to

Rome , established_title = Founded , established_date = 753 BC , founder = King Romulus ( legendary) , image_map = Map of comune of Rome (metropolitan city of Capital Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg , map_caption ...

at the invitation of the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of R ...

to promote

counter-reformation The Counter-Reformation (), also called the Catholic Reformation () or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) a ...

policy. According to one 1626 letter,

Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII ( la, Gregorius XIII; it, Gregorio XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in April 1585. He is best known for ...

invited Budinić to Rome to translate the Catichesis of

Peter Canisius Peter Canisius ( nl, Pieter Kanis; 8 May 1521 – 21 December 1597) was a Dutch Jesuit Catholic priest. He became known for his strong support for the Catholic faith during the Protestant Reformation in Germany, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Swit ...

into Illyrian using Illyrian characters. Pope Gregory XIII ordered Budinić to prepare the Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian and its characters. It is unclear if Pope ordered any particular script. Although it is confirmed by many contemporary documents that Pope indeed ordered Budinić to prepare the Roman Catholic Catechism using Illyrian and its characters it remain unclear if Pope ordered any particular script. When Budinić arrived to Rome he became a confessor in

Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome The Pontifical Croatian College of St. Jerome ( hr, Papinski hrvatski zavod svetog Jeronima; it, Pontificio Collegio Croato Di San Girolamo a Roma; la, Pontificium Collegium Croaticum Sancti Hieronymi) is a Catholic college, church and a society ...

where he worked on improvement of the Glagolitic missals and breviaries. During his stay in Rome Budinić wrote his first two books on the pure Croatian of the

Chakavian dialect Chakavian or Čakavian (, , , sh-Latn, čakavski proper name: or own name: ''čokovski, čakavski, čekavski'') is a South Slavic regiolect or language spoken primarily by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Da ...

. According to one 1581 Vatican document, Budinić was preparing a translation into the Serbian ( lat, nella lingua serviana), which at that time in the Vatican and Dubrovnik was a term used for

Cyrillic script The Cyrillic script ( ), Slavonic script or the Slavic script, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia. It is the designated national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking c ...

, the preferred language for Vatican documents to be published regarding Slavic language.

Shtokavian period and orthographic reform

Budinić's intention was, from reasons of propaganda, to employ language and orthography that could penetrate and be understood in all of what was then the southern reaches of the Slavic people. Budinić attempted a daring orthographic reform and authored a version of the

Latin script The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae, in southern ...

based on the Cyrillic and Glagolitic scripts, using

diacritics A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph. The term derives from the Ancient Greek (, "distinguishing"), from (, "to distinguish"). The word ''diacriti ...

(namely č and ž) from the

Czech orthography Czech orthography is a system of rules for proper formal writing (orthography) in Czech. The earliest form of separate Latin script specifically designed to suit Czech was devised by Czech theologian and church reformist Jan Hus, the namesake of ...

Jan Hus Jan Hus (; ; 1370 – 6 July 1415), sometimes anglicized as John Hus or John Huss, and referred to in historical texts as ''Iohannes Hus'' or ''Johannes Huss'', was a Czech theologian and philosopher who became a Church reformer and the insp ...

in his 1582 work. Some authors believed that Budinić, being promoter of

Counter-Reformation The Counter-Reformation (), also called the Catholic Reformation () or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence that was initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. It began with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) a ...

, would never use orthography of Jan Hus who was a key predecessor to the

Protestant Reformation The Reformation (alternatively named the Protestant Reformation or the European Reformation) was a major movement within Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the Catholic Church and i ...

. Under the influence of

Jesuit , image = Ihs-logo.svg , image_size = 175px , caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits , abbreviation = SJ , nickname = Jesuits , formation = , founders ...

priest

, Budinić abandoned the language he had been using in his 1582 work, and instead used a mixture of

Shtokavian Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. It ...

Serbo-Croatian,

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, and Polish. Budinić referred to the language of his work as Slavonic. Budinić then published translations of Canisius' work in 1583 (''Summa nauk Kristjanski'') in two versions, Cyrillic and Latin, and created a complex script based on Ijekavian Shtokavian pronunciation. The Latin script edition was published for clergy while Cyrillic script edition was published for population. Budinić published Cyrillic script edition with intention to spread this kind of book among South Slavs who were adherents of the

Eastern Orthodox Church The Eastern Orthodox Church, also called the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 220 million baptized members. It operates as a communion of autocephalous churches, each governed by its bishops via ...

.: "Knjigama nabožno-poučnoga karaktera B. se uključuje u tokove protureformacije, a svojim ćiriličkim izdanjem Summe nastoji takvu knjigu prenijeti i na južne Slavene istočnog obreda."

Legacy

Budinić died in Zadar on 13 December 1600, around the age of 65. The elementary school in Zadar bears Budinić's name. A square in Zadar was named ''Šime Budinić´s Square'' ( hr, Poljana Šime Budinića).

Bibliography

Bibliography of Budinić's works include: # His own works: ## Love songs written in dodecasyllable, seven of them still preserved, including verses in honor of Pelegrinović's ''Jeđupka'', Zadar, 1559-1561 ## Short

which subject were cheated husbands,

Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through ...

, Zadar, 1559-1561 # Translations: ## Katekizam rimski (The Roman Catechism). Authored in Zadar before 1580, published in Rome, between 1582-1585 on

Glagolitic script The Glagolitic script (, , ''glagolitsa'') is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. It is generally agreed to have been created in the 9th century by Saint Cyril, a monk from Thessalonica. He and his brother Saint Methodius were sent by the Byza ...

. ## Translation of David's pentitential and many other psalms (''Pochorni i mnozii inii pslami Davidovi sloxeni v slovignschi iazich na cisto i miru po Scymunu Budineu popu Zadraninu''), Rome 1582, Printing House of Fr. Zanetti, second edition published in Rijeka 1861 - It is possible that this translation was authored by someone who referred to himself as Simeone (Dalmata) who might be different person from Šime Budinić. ## Translation of ''Directions for priests confessors and for penitents'' ( lat, Directorium Sacerdotum) (''Ispravnik za erei ispovidnici i za pokornici''), Rome, 1582, 1635., Venice 1709. ## Translation of the ''Summary of the Christian doctrine'' (''Svmma navka christianskoga, sloxena častnim včitegliem Petrom Kanisiem, tvmačena iz latinskog iazika u slovignsky i vtisstena po zapoviedi presuetoga Otca Pape Gregoria trinadestoga''). Rome 1583, author

. Published in both Latin and Cyrillic scripts.

References

Sources

* * * * * * * *

External links

Biography of Budinić at Hrvatski Biografski Leksikon website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Budinic, Sime 1535 births 1600 deaths Venetian Slavs Counter-Reformation