An Établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (also called EHPAD) is the most widespread type of

French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Franc ...

Residential care Residential care refers to long-term care given to adults or children who stay in a residential setting rather than in their own home or family home. There are various residential care options available, depending on the needs of the individual. P ...

for senior citizens.

History

After

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...

, residential care for senior citizens were called

hospice Hospice care is a type of health care that focuses on the palliation of a terminally ill patient's pain and symptoms and attending to their emotional and spiritual needs at the end of life. Hospice care prioritizes comfort and quality of life by ...

. A French law of 3 June 1975, changed the designation for ''Maison de retraite'' (

Retirement home A retirement home – sometimes called an old people's home or old age home, although ''old people's home'' can also refer to a nursing home – is a multi-residence housing facility intended for the elderly. Typically, each person or couple i ...

), partly because the old terminology had become derogatory. Another reform in 1999 created the new ''Établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes'' (EHPAD) terminology.

Operation

EHPADs can be public or privately owned. In 2017, from a total of 7000 in France, 40% were public, 30% belonged to non-commercial organizations and 30% to the private sector. The largest private groups managing EHPAD in France in 2020 were: *

Korian Korian is a French company specialized in Nursing home care for the elderly, named EHPAD (Établissement d'hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes) in France. Korian has nursing homes in six European countries (France, Germany, Belgium, ...

with approximately 25,000 beds * Orpea with approximately 20,000 beds * DomusVi with approximately 17,000 beds

Residents

The level of dependency of seniors in EHPADs is high: in 2011, more than 40% of residents had

Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegeneration, neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in short-term me ...

, and three quarters had a

Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. CVD includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). Other CVDs include stroke, h ...

Dependency levels

A normalized scale determines the level of dependency of a resident. This scale called GIR (groupe iso-ressources) has the following values: * GIR 1 : Total mental and physical dependency * GIR 2 : High mental and physical dependency * GIR 3 : Physical dependency * GIR 4 : Partial physical dependency * GIR 5 : Moderate dependency * GIR 6 : No dependency

Costs

The cost for the family of a resident can be high. According to a 2010

KPMG KPMG International Limited (or simply KPMG) is a multinational professional services network, and one of the Big Four accounting organizations. Headquartered in Amstelveen, Netherlands, although incorporated in London, England, KPMG is a net ...

study, the mean cost for one day for an EHPAD place is 49 € for accommodation, and 24 € for care.

References

{{Reflist Caregiving Geriatrics Housing