Édouard Marie Herriot (; 5 July 1872 – 26 March 1957) was a French

Radical Radical may refer to: Politics and ideology Politics * Radical politics, the political intent of fundamental societal change *Radicalism (historical), the Radical Movement that began in late 18th century Britain and spread to continental Europe an ...

politician of the Third Republic who served three times as

Prime Minister A prime minister, premier or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. Under those systems, a prime minister is ...

(1924–1925; 1926; 1932) and twice as President of the

Chamber of Deputies The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon R ...

. He led the first Cartel des Gauches. Under the Fourth Republic, he served as President of the

National Assembly In politics, a national assembly is either a unicameral legislature, the lower house of a bicameral legislature, or both houses of a bicameral legislature together. In the English language it generally means "an assembly composed of the r ...

until 1954. An historian by occupation, Herriot was elected to the

Académie Française An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary or tertiary higher learning (and generally also research or honorary membership). The name traces back to Plato's school of philosop ...

's eighth seat in 1946.

Life

Hérriot was born at

Troyes Troyes () is a commune and the capital of the department of Aube in the Grand Est region of north-central France. It is located on the Seine river about south-east of Paris. Troyes is situated within the Champagne wine region and is near ...

, France on 5 July 1872. He served as

Mayor In many countries, a mayor is the highest-ranking official in a municipal government such as that of a city or a town. Worldwide, there is a wide variance in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well ...

Lyon Lyon,, ; Occitan: ''Lion'', hist. ''Lionés'' also spelled in English as Lyons, is the third-largest city and second-largest metropolitan area of France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of ...

from 1905 until his death, except for a brief period from 1940 to 1945, when he was exiled to Germany for opposing the Vichy regime. As mayor, Herriot improved relations between municipal government and local unions, increased public assistance funds, and began an urban renewal programme, amongst other measures. He died in

on 26 March 1957. He is buried at the

Loyasse Cemetery Loyasse Cemetery (french: Cimetière de Loyasse) is a cemetery in the city of Lyon, France. The cemetery is located on the Fourvière hill in the western part of the city, not far away from the Metallic tower of Fourvière and Notre-Dame de ...

Herriot's First Ministry, 14 June 1924 – 17 April 1925

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs * Charles Nollet - Minister of War *

Camille Chautemps Camille Chautemps (1 February 1885 – 1 July 1963) was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister). He was the father-in-law of U.S. politician and statesman Howard J ...

- Minister of the Interior * Étienne Clémentel - Minister of Finance *

Justin Godart Justin Godart (26 November 1871 – 12 December 1956) was a French lawyer and politician who served as the Minister for Health from 3 June 1932 to 18 December 1932.René Renoult - Minister of Justice * Jacques-Louis Dumesnil - Minister of Marine *

François Albert François Albert (4 April 1877 – 23 November 1933) was a French journalist and politician. He was violently anti-clerical. Albert was Minister of Education in 1924–25, and Minister of Labor in 1933. As education minister he promoted secular s ...

- Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts * Édouard Amédée Bovier-Lapierre - Minister of Pensions *

Henri Queuille Henri Queuille (; 31 March 1884 – 15 June 1970) was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister. Governments First ministry (11 September 1948 – 28 O ...

- Minister of Agriculture *

Édouard Daladier Édouard Daladier (; 18 June 1884 – 10 October 1970) was a French Radical-Socialist (centre-left) politician, and the Prime Minister of France who signed the Munich Agreement before the outbreak of World War II. Daladier was born in Carpe ...

- Minister of Colonies * Victor Peytral - Minister of Public Works * Eugène Raynaldy - Minister of Commerce and Industry * Victor Dalbiez - Minister of Liberated Regions Changes *3 April 1925 - Anatole de Monzie succeeds Clémentel as Minister of Finance.

Herriot's Second Ministry, 19–23 July 1926

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs *

Paul Painlevé Paul Painlevé (; 5 December 1863 – 29 October 1933) was a French mathematician and statesman. He served twice as Prime Minister of the Third Republic: 12 September – 13 November 1917 and 17 April – 22 November 1925. His entry into politic ...

- Minister of War *

- Minister of the Interior * Anatole de Monzie - Minister of Finance * Louis Pasquet - Minister of Labour, Hygiene, Welfare Work, and Social Security Provisions * Maurice Colrat - Minister of Justice * René Renoult - Minister of Marine *

- Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts *

Georges Bonnet Georges-Étienne Bonnet (22/23 July 1889 – 18 June 1973) was a French politician who served as foreign minister in 1938 and 1939 and was a leading figure in the Radical Party. Early life Bonnet was born in Bassillac, Dordogne, the son of ...

- Minister of Pensions *

- Minister of Agriculture *

Adrien Dariac Adrien is a given name and surname, and the French spelling for the name Adrian. It is also the masculine form of the feminine name Adrienne. It may refer to: People Given name * Adrien Auzout (1622–1691), French astronomer * Adrien Baillet ( ...

- Minister of Colonies * Orly André-Hesse - Minister of Public Works *

Louis Loucheur Louis Loucheur (12 August 1872 in Roubaix, Nord – 22 November 1931 in Paris) was a French politician in the Third Republic, at first a member of the conservative Republican Federation, then of the Democratic Republican Alliance and of the Ind ...

- Minister of Commerce and Industry

Herriot's Third Ministry, 3 June – 18 December 1932

*Édouard Herriot - President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs *

Joseph Paul-Boncour Augustin Alfred Joseph Paul-Boncour (; 4 August 1873 – 28 March 1972) was a French politician and diplomat of the Third Republic. He was a member of the Republican-Socialist Party (PRS) and served as Prime Minister of France from December 19 ...

- Minister of War *

- Minister of the Interior *

Louis Germain-Martin Louis Germain-Martin (7 November 1872, Le Puy-en-Velay, Haute-Loire – 4 October 1948, Paris) was an Independent Radical French politician. He was Minister of Post and Telecommunications in the government of André Tardieu André Pierre Gabriel ...

- Minister of Finance * Maurice Palmade - Minister of Budget *

Albert Dalimier Albert François Marie Dalimier (20 February 1875 – 6 May 1936) was a French politician. Between 1932 and 1934 he was Minister of Labor, Minister of the Colonies (twice) and Minister of Justice in four of the short-lived cabinets of that perio ...

- Minister of Labour and Social Security Provisions * René Renoult - Minister of Justice *

Georges Leygues Georges Leygues (; 29 October 1856 – 2 September 1933) was a French politician of the Third Republic. During his time as Minister of Marine he worked with the navy's chief of staff Henri Salaun in unsuccessful attempts to gain naval re-arm ...

- Minister of Marine * Léon Meyer - Minister of Merchant Marine *

- Minister of Air * Anatole de Monzie - Minister of National Education * Aimé Berthod - Minister of Pensions *

Abel Gardey Abel Gardey (21 November 1882, Margouët-Meymes, Gers Gers (; oc, Gers or , ) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southwestern France. Named after the Gers River, its inhabitants are called the ''Gersois'' and ''Gersoises'' in Fre ...

- Minister of Agriculture *

Albert Sarraut Albert-Pierre Sarraut (; 28 July 1872 – 26 November 1962) was a French Radical politician, twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic. Biography Sarraut was born on 28 July 1872 in Bordeaux, Gironde, France. On 14 March 1907 Sarraut, ...

- Minister of Colonies *

- Minister of Public Works *

Justin Godart Justin Godart (26 November 1871 – 12 December 1956) was a French lawyer and politician who served as the Minister for Health from 3 June 1932 to 18 December 1932.Henri Queuille Henri Queuille (; 31 March 1884 – 15 June 1970) was a French Radical politician prominent in the Third and Fourth Republics. After World War II, he served three times as Prime Minister. Governments First ministry (11 September 1948 – 28 O ...

- Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones * Julien Durand - Minister of Commerce and Industry

Denial of the Holodomor

The height of denial of the

Holodomor The Holodomor ( uk, Голодомо́р, Holodomor, ; derived from uk, морити голодом, lit=to kill by starvation, translit=moryty holodom, label=none), also known as the Terror-Famine or the Great Famine, was a man-made famin ...

was reached during a visit to Ukraine carried out between 26 August and 9 September 1933 by Herriot, who had recently left the French Prime Ministry. Herriot denied accounts of the famine and said that Soviet Ukraine was "like a garden in full bloom".Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, ''The

Black Book of Communism ''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression'' is a 1997 book by Stéphane Courtois, Andrzej Paczkowski, Nicolas Werth, Jean-Louis Margolin, and several other European academics documenting a history of political repression by commun ...

: Crimes, Terror, Repression'',

Harvard University Press Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing. It is a member of the Association of American University Presses. After the retir ...

, 1999, , pages 159–160 Furthermore, he announced to the press that there was no famine in Ukraine, that he did not see any trace of hunger, and that the allegations of starving millions were being spread by adversaries of the Soviet Union. "When one believes that the Ukraine is devastated by famine, allow me to shrug my shoulders", he declared. The 13 September 1933 issue of ''

Pravda ''Pravda'' ( rus, Правда, p=ˈpravdə, a=Ru-правда.ogg, "Truth") is a Russian broadsheet newspaper, and was the official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, when it was one of the most influential papers in the ...

'' was able to write that Herriot "categorically contradicted the lies of the bourgeoisie press in connection with a famine in the USSR."

Political career

Governmental functions Président of the Council of Ministers : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932. Minister of Transport, Public Works and Supply : 1916–1917. Minister of Education and Fine Arts : 1926–1928. Minister of Foreign Affairs : 1924–1925 / 19–21 July 1926 / June–December 1932. Minister of State : 1934–1936. Electoral mandates ''National Assembly of France'' President of the National Assembly of France : 1947–1954. Member of the

National Assembly of France The National Assembly (french: link=no, italics=set, Assemblée nationale; ) is the lower house of the bicameral French Parliament under the Fifth Republic, the upper house being the Senate (). The National Assembly's legislators are know ...

for

Rhône (department) Rhône (; frp, Rôno) is a department of east-central France, in the central-southeastern Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region. Named after the river Rhône, its prefecture is Lyon. Its sole subprefecture is Villefranche-sur-Saône. In 2019, it h ...

: 1946–1957 (He died in 1957). Elected in 1946, reelected in 1951, 1956. ''Constitutional Assembly'' Member of the Constitutional Assembly for

: 1945–1946. Elected in 1945, reelected in June 1946. ''Chamber of Deputies of France'' President of the Chamber of Deputies of France : 1925–1926 / 1936–1940. Member of the

Chamber of Deputies of France Chamber of Deputies (french: Chambre des députés) was a parliamentary body in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: * 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of ...

for

: 1919–1942 (Dissolution of Parliament by Philippe Petain in 1942). Elected in 1919, reelected in 1924, 1928, 1932, 1936. ''Senate of France'' Senator of

Rhône The Rhône ( , ; wae, Rotten ; frp, Rôno ; oc, Ròse ) is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and southeastern France before discharging into the Mediterranean Sea. At Ar ...

: 1912–1919. Elected in 1911. ''General council'' General councillor of

: 1945–1951. ''

Municipal Council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, rural counc ...

: 1905–1940 (Deposition by

Vichy regime Vichy France (french: Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State ('), was the fascist French state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II. Officially independent, but with half of its ter ...

in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953. Municipal councillor of

: 1904–1940 (Deposition by the Vichy regime in 1940) / 1945–1957 (He died in 1957). Reelected in 1908, 1912, 1919, 1925, 1929, 1935, 1945, 1947, 1953. Political functions President of the

Radical Party (France) The Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party (french: Parti républicain, radical et radical-socialiste) is a liberal and formerly social-liberal political party in France. It is also often referred to simply as the Radical Party (frenc ...

: 1919–1926 / 1931–1936 / 1948–1953 / 1955–1957.

Legacy

Herriot was declared an honorary citizen of the city of Veliki Bečkerek (today

Zrenjanin Zrenjanin ( sr-Cyrl, Зрењанин, ; hu, Nagybecskerek; ro, Becicherecu Mare; sk, Zreňanin; german: Großbetschkerek) is a city and the administrative center of the Central Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbi ...

) in 1933. There is also a street with his name in Zrenjanin. His visit to a church in

Kyiv Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the seventh-most populous city in Europe. Ky ...

, where a fake religious service was organized for the occasion, is described in "The Mechanical Lions", one of the stories in ''

A Tomb for Boris Davidovich ''A Tomb for Boris Davidovich'' ( Serbo-Croatian: ''Grobnica za Borisa Davidoviča / Гробница за Бориса Давидовича'') is a collection of seven short stories by Danilo Kiš written in 1976 (translated into English by Dusk ...

'' by

Danilo Kiš Danilo Kiš (; born Dániel Kiss; 22 February 1935 – 15 October 1989) was a Yugoslav novelist, short story writer, essayist and translator. His best known works include ''Hourglass'', ''A Tomb for Boris Davidovich'' and '' The Encyclopedia of ...

Notes

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Herriot, Edouard 1872 births 1957 deaths People from Troyes Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Radical Party (France) politicians Prime Ministers of France Transport ministers of France Government ministers of France French Senators of the Third Republic Senators of Rhône (department) Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (France) Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 13th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945) Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946) Presidents of the National Assembly (France) Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic Mayors of Lyon Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni École Normale Supérieure alumni Members of the Académie Française Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland) Holodomor deniers

Life

Herriot's First Ministry, 14 June 1924 – 17 April 1925

Herriot's Second Ministry, 19–23 July 1926

Herriot's Third Ministry, 3 June – 18 December 1932

Denial of the Holodomor

Political career

Legacy

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links