Çörek

Tsoureki ( el, τσουρέκι) also known as ''Šurēk'' (, Arabic), ''choreg'' or "chorek" ( Armenian չորեկ, կաթնահունց), ''çörək'' (Azerbaijani), ''çyrek'' (Albanian), ''kozunak'' (Bulgarian козунак), ''cozonac'' (Romanian) or ''paskalya çöreği'' (Turkish) is a sweet holiday bread made with flour, milk, butter, eggs, and sugar and commonly seasoned with orange zest, mastic resin, or ''mahlab''. ''Lampropsomo,'' a variation of tsoureki commonly called "Greek Easter bread," is made by Greek communities during Easter, not only in Greece, but also in other countries with Greek communities. It is also sometimes called Armenian Easter bread.

Etymology

The Greek word ''tsoureki'' is borrowed from Turkish ''çörek''. Some dictionaries claim that this is derived from the Old Turkish root ''çevir-'' 'turn';
others say it is Persian or Armenian.

Greek tradition

There are different variations of the Greek ''tsoureki'' holiday breads including a round Christmas loaf with a cross decoration called ''Christopsomo'', a braided easter bread with whole dyed eggs pressed into the dough called ''lampropsomo'', and a loaf with a coin hidden inside for good luck called ''vasilopita'' that is baked for St. Basil's Day (New Year's Day).

Easter bread

''Tsoureki'' is a Greek holiday bread that is made by Greeks during Easter, not only in Greece, but also in other countries with Greek communities. It is made from a sweet yeast dough of flour, sugar, eggs, butter and milk, with dyed red Easter eggs pressed into the dough. The dough is brushed with egg wash before baking, and sometimes flavored with ''mahlep'', mastic resin or orange zest. Other flavorings might include almond extract, cinnamon, sultanas or fennel seed.

This bread is sometimes called "Armenian Easter bread". - Զատիկի չորեկ - Zadigi choreg - "Զատիկ Zadig Easter". The ancient Armenian name was "bsatir - պսադիր" ("bsag պսակ" - "crown" and "tir դիր", is the root of "tnel դնել" verb: "to put").This Armenian name is in allusion to Christ’s crown of thorns. The bsatir or choreg is a type of bread the braided structure of which recalls the woven crown of thorns, the sesame seeds with which it is sprinkled symbolising the thorns themselves. Before baking the choreg, the surface is painted with egg yolk, when exposed to the heat of the oven, it browns until it acquires a reddish-brown tone that represents the blood of Christ. Traditional Armenian ''choreg'' omits the dyed Easter eggs.

The Turkish language name for this bread is ''paskalya çöreği'' (''paskalya'' is the Turkish word for Easter). The Turkish variant features egg incorporated into the dough, rather than unbroken eggs pressed into the dough by way of decoration. Some recipes substitute a neutral-flavored oil, such as sunflower oil, and margarine in place of milk and butter. The dough may be seasoned with orange zest, vanilla, mahlep and slivered almonds.

Sometime tsoureki is used as a gift for special occasion, for instance, it can be given as an Easter gift from children to their godparents.

Christmas bread

Christopsomo (Χριστόψωμο), which translates as "Christ's bread", is a traditional Greek holiday bread that is sometimes decorated with whole walnuts, sesame seeds and slivered almonds. Also called Christmas fruit bread, the ''tsoureki'' dough may include a combination of raisins, dried apricots, dried figs, orange zest, cinnamon, allspice, cloves, cardamom, Mastic (plant resin) and '' mahleb''. (Some recipes suggest marinating the raisins and dried figs overnight in wines like '' retsina'' or '' mavrodaphne''). Some of the dough is set aside for the loaf's cross-shaped decoration.

The bread may be glazed with a syrup made from honey, orange juice and slivered almonds.

See also

* Cozonac, the Romanian and Bulgarian variant
* Challah
* Cardamom bread
* Pulla
* Zopf
* Vánočka
* Nut roll
* Brioche
* Kulich

References

{{Armenian cuisine

Sweet breads
Easter bread
Greek breads
Cypriot cuisine
Turkish Cypriot cuisine
Western Armenian cuisine
Azerbaijani cuisine
Turkish breads
Armenian breads
Christmas food