Đồng Khánh (, vi-hantu, 同慶, lit. "collective celebration"; 19 February 1864 – 28 January 1889), born Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ (阮福膺祺) or Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Đường (阮福膺禟), also known as Chánh Mông (正蒙), was the ninth

emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...

of the Nguyễn Dynasty of

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

. He reigned three years between 1885 and 1889. His royal temple name was Cảnh Tông (景宗).

Biography

Đồng Khánh was born on 19 December 1864 at

Imperial City of Huế The Imperial City ( vi, Hoàng thành; Chữ Hán: 皇城) is a walled enclosure within the citadel (''Kinh thành''; Chữ Hán: 京城) of the city of Huế, the former imperial capital of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty. It contains the pa ...

. He got the childhood name Chánh Mông when he was brought up in Chánh Mông palace. Đồng Khánh was the eldest son of Prince

Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Cai Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Cai (阮福洪侅, 13 December 1845 – 15 May 1876) was a prince of Nguyễn dynasty, Vietnam. He was the father of three emperors: Kiến Phúc, Đồng Khánh and Hàm Nghi. Hồng Cai was the twenty-sixth son of Thi� ...

(son of emperor

Thiệu Trị Thiệu Trị (, vi-hantu, 紹治, lit. "inheritance of prosperity"; 6 June 1807 – 4 November 1847), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Miên Tông or Nguyễn Phúc Tuyền, was the third emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty. He was the eldest son of Em ...

) and Concubine Bùi Thị Thanh. As his uncle, Emperor

Tự Đức Tự Đức (, vi-hantu, 嗣德, lit. "inheritance of virtues", 22 September 1829 – 19 July 1883) (personal name: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Nhậm , also Nguyễn Phúc Thì) was the fourth emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty of Vietnam; he ruled ...

, had no children, Đồng Khánh was adopted and given the title Kiên Giang quận công (Duke of Kiên Giang).

Rule

After the French armies captured the city of

Huế Huế () is the capital of Thừa Thiên Huế province in central Vietnam and was the capital of Đàng Trong from 1738 to 1775 and of Vietnam during the Nguyễn dynasty from 1802 to 1945. The city served as the old Imperial City and admi ...

and the Purple Forbidden City fell to the French, the court regents

Nguyễn Văn Tường Nguyễn Văn Tường ( vi-hantu, , 1824–1886) was a mandarin of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam. He is known for installing and dethroning three emperors in 1883–84: Dục Đức, Hiệp Hoà, and Kiến Phúc. Biography Tườ ...

and

Tôn Thất Thuyết Tôn Thất Thuyết ( 尊室説; 12 May 1839 in Huế – 1913 in Longzhou) was the leading mandarin of Emperor Tự Đức of Vietnam's Nguyễn dynasty. Thuyết later led the Cần Vương movement which aimed to restore Vietnamese i ...

took the young Emperor

Hàm Nghi Emperor Hàm Nghi (, vi-hantu, lit. "entirely right", ar, هام نغي; 3 August 1872 – 4 January 1943), personal name Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Lịch, also Nguyễn Phúc Minh, was the eighth emperor of the Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty. He reign ...

and escaped from the Purple Forbidden City of Huế, and took him to the mountains as the figurehead of a revolutionary movement against the French. To take away the legitimacy of Hàm Nghi, general de Courcy and résident de Champeaux of

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

asked the empress dowager Nghi Thiên to enthrone prince Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ (Hàm Nghi's elder half brother). On 19 September 1885, Prince Nguyễn Phúc Ưng Kỷ had to go to the governor of Annam to attend his coronation; he became the ninth emperor of Đại Nam with the

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of ...

of Đồng Khánh. The emperor showed himself as a Pro-French ruler and this was also mentioned in the diary of

Trần Trọng Kim Trần Trọng Kim (Chữ Nôm: ; 1883 – December 2, 1953), courtesy name Lệ Thần, was a Vietnamese scholar and politician who served as the Prime Minister of the short-lived Empire of Vietnam, a state established with the support of Impe ...

Death

On 28 January 1889, Đồng Khánh died at aged 24 after reigning for three years. He was granted the posthumous name Hoằng Liệt Thông Thiết Mẫn Huệ Thuần Hoàng Đế (弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝), with the temple name Cảnh Tông (景宗). In 1916, his son (Emperor

Khải Định Khải Định (; chữ Hán: 啓定; born Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Đảo; 8 October 1885 – 6 November 1925) was the 12th emperor of the Nguyễn dynasty in Vietnam, reigning from 1916 to 1925. His name at birth was Prince Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Đ� ...

) granted him the name Phối Thiên Minh Vận Hiếu Đức Nhân Vũ Vĩ Công Hoằng Liệt Thông Thiết Mẫn Huệ Thuần Hoàng Đế (配天明運孝德仁武偉功弘烈聰哲敏惠純皇帝). He was buried in Tư Lăng mausoleum (思陵), which is located at Dương Xuân Thượng village, Hương Thuỷm commune, Thừa Thiên Province. File:Dong Khanh.jpg, Portrait of Emperor Đồng Khánh. File:Intronisation du roi Dong Khanh.jpg, Emperor Đồng Khánh on his throne. File:Hựu Thiên Thuần Hoàng Hậu.jpg, Empress Hựu Thiên, wife of Đồng Khánh File:Phụ Thiên Thuần Hoàng hậu.jpg, Empress Phụ Thiên, wife of Đồng Khánh, mom of future emperor

Relatives

Madame Nhu Trần Lệ Xuân (22 August 1924 – 24 April 2011), more popularly known in English as Madame Nhu, was the ''de facto'' First Lady of South Vietnam from 1955 to 1963. She was the wife of Ngô Đình Nhu, who was the brother and chief advisor ...

, the First Lady of South Vietnam from 1955–63, was a great-granddaughter of Đồng Khánh.Christian Culas, François Robinne Inter-Ethnic Dynamics in Asia: Considering the Other 2009 "EMPEROR ĐồNG KHÁNH'S DESCRIPTIVE GEOGRAPHY (1888) Another important source written in characters on the ethnic populations of northern Vietnam is the Emperor Đồng Khánh's Descriptive Geography (Ngô Duc Tho, Nguyên Văn . *Father: Nguyễn Phúc Hồng Cai (阮福洪侅), title Thuần Nghị Kiên Thái Vương (純毅堅太王). *Mother: Bùi Thị Thanh (裴氏清), title Thuần Nghị Kiên Thái Vương Phi (純毅堅太王妃). *Wife and Concubine: *Successors: *Princes: #Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Đảo (阮福寶嶹): emperor

#An Hóa Quận vương (Duke of An Hóa) Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Tung (安化郡王阮福寶𡾼) #Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Nguy (阮福宝巍). #Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Nga (阮福寶峨). #Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Cát (阮福寶嶱). #Nguyễn Phúc Bửu Quyền (阮福寶巏). *Princess: #Ngọc Lâm princess "Nguyễn Phúc Hỷ Duyệt" (玉林公主阮福喜悦). #Ngọc Sơn princess "Nguyễn Phúc Hỷ Hỷ" (玉山公主阮福喜喜). #Princess Nguyễn Phúc Hân Hân.

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Dong Khanh Nguyen dynasty emperors 19th-century Vietnamese monarchs 1864 births 1889 deaths Vietnamese monarchs