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Villas Miserias
''Villa miseria'' (), ''villa de emergencia'' or simply ''villa'', is the informal term used in Argentina for shanty town slums. Name The term is a noun phrase made up of the Spanish words ''villa'' (''village'', ''small town'') and ''miseria'' (''misery'', ''destitution''). The concept was first articulated in an October 1933 article titled "La VILLA de la MISERIA dentro de la CIUDAD MARAVILLOSA" (the ''villa'' of misery in the marvellous city) by Carlos Sibellino, and picked up in the title of Bernardo Verbitsky's 1957 novel ''Villa Miseria también es América'' ("Villa Miseria is also [a part of] Americas, America"). Other terms used are ''asentamiento'' ("settlement") and ''villa de emergencia'' ("emergency village"), the latter being the original name. These names are not popular with residents; shanty towns have come to be called, euphemism, euphemistically, ''barrios populares'' ("popular neighbourhoods"). In most parts of Argentina, the non-modified word ''villa'' usually ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Villa Miseria 1
A villa is a type of house that was originally an Ancient Rome, ancient Roman upper class country house that provided an escape from urban life. Since its origins in the Roman villa, the idea and function of a villa have evolved considerably. After the fall of the Roman Republic, villas became small farming compounds, which were increasingly fortified in Late Antiquity, sometimes transferred to the Church for reuse as a monastery. They gradually re-evolved through the Middle Ages into elegant upper-class country homes. In the early modern period, any comfortable detached house with a garden near a city or town was likely to be described as a villa; most surviving villas have now been engulfed by suburbia. In modern parlance, "villa" can refer to various types and sizes of residences, ranging from the suburban semi-detached double villa to, in some countries, especially around the Mediterranean, residences of above average size in the countryside. Roman Roman villas include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirty War
The Dirty War () is the name used by the military junta or National Reorganization Process, civic-military dictatorship of Argentina () for its period of state terrorism in Argentina from 1974 to 1983. During this campaign, military and security forces and death squads in the form of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance (AAA, or Triple A) hunted down any political dissidents and anyone believed to be associated with socialism, left-wing Peronism, or the Montoneros movement.''Political Violence and Trauma in Argentina, '' Antonius C. G. M. Robben, p. 145, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007Marguerite Guzmán Bouvard, ''Revolutionizing Motherhood: The Mothers of the Plaza De Mayo,'' p. 22, Rowman & Littlefield, 1994 It is estimated that between 22,000 and 30,000 people were killed or disappeared, many of whom were impossible to formally document due to the nature of state terrorism; however, Argentine military intelligence at the time estimated that 22,000 people had been mu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Favela
Favela () is an umbrella name for several types of impoverished neighborhoods in Brazil. The term, which means slum or ghetto, was first used in the Slum of Providência in the center of Rio de Janeiro in the late 19th century, which was built by soldiers who had lived under the favela trees in Bahia and had nowhere to live following the Canudos War. Some of the last settlements were called ''bairros africanos'' (African neighborhoods). Over the years, many former enslaved Africans moved in. Even before the first favela came into being, poor citizens were pushed away from the city and forced to live in the far suburbs. Most modern favelas appeared in the 1970s due to rural exodus, when many people left rural areas of Brazil and moved to cities. Unable to find places to live, many people found themselves in favelas. Census data released in December 2011 by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) showed that in 2010, about 6 percent of the Brazilian pop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Squatting In Argentina
Squatting in Argentina is the occupation of derelict buildings or unused land without the permission of the owner. Shanty towns emerged on the periphery of Buenos Aires from the 1930s onwards and are known as villa miseria. After the 1998–2002 Argentine great depression, 311 worker cooperatives set up across the country as people squatted and re-opened businesses. History Buenos Aires began to industrialize from the 1930s onwards and areas such as Villa Paraíso were squatted becoming shanty towns. Villa Paraíso still exists and experiences violence both from local drug-dealers and police raids. It has also received state aid programs such as Plan Vida (Life Plan). In the greater metropolitan area there are squatted informal settlements such as Barrio San Jorge. This had 630 homes and almost 3,000 inhabitants in 1990. Around 5,000 squatters occupied Parque Indoamericano in Buenos Aires in 2010 as a housing protest. The events quickly became a political scandal. As of 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Francis
Pope Francis (born Jorge Mario Bergoglio; 17 December 1936 – 21 April 2025) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 13 March 2013 until Death and funeral of Pope Francis, his death in 2025. He was the first Jesuit pope, the first Latin American, and the first born or raised outside Europe since the 8th-century Syrian pope Pope Gregory III, Gregory III. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, to a family of Italian Argentines, Italian origin, Bergoglio was inspired to join the Jesuits in 1958 after recovering from a severe illness. He was Ordination#Catholic, Orthodox, Lutheran and Anglican churches, ordained a Catholic priest in 1969, and from 1973 to 1979 he was the Jesuit provincial superior in Argentina. He became the archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was created a Cardinal (Catholic Church), cardinal in 2001 by Pope John Paul II. Following resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI, the 2013 pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cumbia Villera
Cumbia villera () (roughly translated as "slum cumbia", "ghetto cumbia", or " shantytown cumbia", from '' villa miseria'', "slum") is a subgenre of cumbia music originating in Argentina in the late 1990s and popularized all over Latin America and Latin communities abroad. Lyrically, cumbia villera uses the vocabulary of the marginal and lower classes, like the Argentine ''lunfardo'' and ''lenguaje tumbero'' ("gangster language" or "thug language"), and deals with themes such as the everyday life in the ''villas miseria'' (slums), poverty and misery, the use of hard drugs, promiscuity and/or prostitution, nights out at ''boliches'' (discos and clubs) that play cumbia and other tropical music genres (such as the emblematic ''Tropitango'' venue in Pacheco), the football culture of the barras bravas, delinquency and clashes with the police and other forms of authority, antipathy towards politicians, and authenticity in being true ''villeros'' (inhabitants of the ''villas''). Music ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
César Aira
César Aira (Argentine Spanish: ; born 23 February 1949 in Coronel Pringles, Buenos Aires Province) is an Argentine writer and translator, and an exponent of contemporary Argentine literature. Aira has published over a hundred short books of stories, novels and essays. In fact, at least since 1993, a hallmark of his work is a truly frenetic level of writing and publication—two to five novella-length books each year. He has lectured at the University of Buenos Aires, on Copi and Arthur Rimbaud, and at the University of Rosario on Constructivism and Stéphane Mallarmé, and has translated and edited books from France, England, Italy, Brazil, Spain, Mexico, and Venezuela. Work Besides his fiction, and the translation work he does for a living, Aira also writes literary criticism, including monographic studies of Copi, the poet Alejandra Pizarnik, and the nineteenth-century British limerick and nonsense writer Edward Lear. He wrote a short book, ''Las tres fechas'' (''The Thre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antonio Berni
Delesio Antonio Berni (14 May 1905 – 13 October 1981) was an Argentine figurative artist. He is associated with the movement known as ''Nuevo Realismo'' ("New Realism"), an Argentine extension of social realism. His work, including a series of ''Juanito Laguna'' collages depicting poverty and the effects of industrialization in Buenos Aires, has been exhibited around the world. Biography Early life Berni was born in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe, Rosario on 14 May 1905. His mother, Margarita Picco, was the Argentine daughter of Italians. His father Napoleon, an immigration, immigrant tailor from Italy, died in the World War I, first World War. In 1914 Berni became the apprentice of Catalonia, Catalan craftsman N. Bruxadera at the ''Buxadera and Co.'' stained glass company. He later studied painting at the ''Rosario Catalá'' Center, where he was described as a child prodigy. In 1920 seventeen of his oil paintings were exhibited at the Salon Mari. On 4 November 1923, his Impre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inter-American Development Bank
The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB or IADB) is an international development finance institution headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States of America. It serves as one of the leading sources of development financing for the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. Established in 1959, the IDB supports Latin American and Caribbean economic, social, and institutional development and regional integration by lending to governments and sub-national agencies, developing new financial tools, creating enabling conditions for private-sector-led growth, convening and aligning countries around common interests, and bridging the region with the rest of the world. The IDB also provides extensive technical assistance to its borrowing member countries. It works across a range of sectors, including infrastructure, health, education, energy, citizen security, environmental sustainability, trade, transportation, housing, and small businesses. It works in conjunction with IDB ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and Grant (money), grants to the governments of Least developed countries, low- and Developing country, middle-income countries for the purposes of economic development. The World Bank is the collective name for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and International Development Association (IDA), two of five international organizations owned by the World Bank Group. It was established along with the International Monetary Fund at the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference. After a slow start, its first loan was to France in 1947. In its early years, it primarily focused on rebuilding Europe. Over time, it focused on providing loans to developing world countries. In the 1970s, the World Bank re-conceptualized its mission of facilitating development as being oriented around poverty reduction. For the last 30 years, it has included NGOs and environmental groups in its loan portfolio. Its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retiro Railway Station
Retiro is a railway station complex in Buenos Aires, Argentina, that includes three main terminal train stations ( Retiro-Mitre, Retiro-Belgrano and Retiro-San Martín) and two terminal subway stations ( Retiro of Line C and Retiro of Line E). The complex is named after the neighborhood where it is located, Retiro. It is close to Retiro Bus Terminal Station, the country´s biggest bus terminal. Overview The stations are very close to the Retiro bus station (''Terminal de Omnibus''), the principal long-distance bus terminal in Buenos Aires. The complex is also accessible by the C line of the Buenos Aires Metro system and by numerous local public bus services. The stations will also be accessible by both Line E and Line H of the metro once their extensions are complete. Three stations are located opposite Plaza San Martín, a large park. Services Commuter rail Retiro is the largest railway complex in Buenos Aires and more commuter trains arrive and depart from h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Retiro, Buenos Aires
Retiro is a ''barrio'' or neighborhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Located in the northeast end of the city, Retiro is bordered on the south by the Puerto Madero and San Nicolás, Buenos Aires, San Nicolás, and on the west by the Recoleta, Buenos Aires, Recoleta. History Towards the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th was installed in the area, an asiento of slaves belonging to the :fr:Compagnie de Guinée, Compagnie de Guinée and South Sea Company, that operated until 1739. In 1800 began the construction of Plaza de Toros del Retiro, a stadium of bullfighting built by the architect Francisco Cañete, that worked until 1819. In the Plaza de Toros took place the battles between the troops of Santiago de Liniers and the British army, occurred during the British invasions of the River Plate, English invasions of 1806 and 1807. In 1821 was installed the first dissident cemetery of Buenos Aires, located in the vicinity of Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Socorro (Retiro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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