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Upper House
An upper house is one of two Legislative chamber, chambers of a bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house. The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameralism, unicameral. History While the Roman Senate, senate of the ancient roman kingdom 755 BC was the first assembly of aristocrats counseling the king, the first upper house of a bicameral legislature was the medieval House of Lords consisting of the archbishops, bishops, abbots and nobility, which emerged during the reign of King Edward III around 1341 when the Parliament clearly separated into two distinct Debating chamber, chambers, the House of Commons of England, House of Commons, consisting of the shire and borough representatives, and the House of Lords. 1808 Spain adopted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Keys To The Kingdom
''The Keys to the Kingdom'' is a fantasy-adventure book series written by Garth Nix, comprising seven books published between 2003 and 2010. The series chronicles the adventures of a boy named Arthur, who becomes involved with a magical world called the 'House'; he is on a quest to take back the House from seven antagonistic 'Trustees'. Story Plot Arthur, a young boy, has a severe asthma attack one day as two mysterious people, one of which is called Monday, give him a 'Key', a magical artifact that saves his life, against Monday's intentions. He discovers there exists a world called the 'House', which is split into seven parts, each ruled by a 'Trustee', of which Monday is one. A divine being known as the 'Architect' has disappeared and left behind a 'Will', leaving the House and the seven Keys to her seven Trustees, but the Trustees have split up the Will and hidden the parts, intent on not letting the Will be fulfilled. The first part of the Will has managed to break fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Spain
The Senate () is the upper house of the , which along with the Congress of Deputies – the lower chamber – comprises the Parliament of the Kingdom of Spain. The Senate meets in the Palace of the Senate in Madrid. The presiding officer of the Senate is the president of the Senate, who is elected by the members at the first sitting after each national election. The composition of the Senate is established in Part III of the Spanish Constitution. Each senator represents a province, an autonomous city or an autonomous community. Each mainland province, regardless of its population size, is equally represented by four senators; in the insular provinces, the larger islands are represented by three senators and the minor islands are represented by a single senator. Likewise, the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla elect two senators each. This direct election results in the election of 208 senators by the citizens. In addition, the regional legislatures also designate their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussian House Of Representatives
The Prussian House of Representatives () was the lower chamber of the Landtag of Prussia (), the parliament of Kingdom of Prussia, Prussia from 1850 to 1918. Together with the upper house, the Prussian House of Lords, House of Lords (), it formed the Prussian Bicameralism, bicameral legislature. The Prussian House of Representatives was established by the Prussian constitution of 5 December 1848, with members elected according to the Prussian three-class franchise, three-class franchise. At first it was called simply the "Second Chamber," with the name "House of Representatives" (') introduced in 1855. Franchise From 1849, the election of representatives within the Kingdom of Prussia was performed according to the Prussian three-class franchise, three-class franchise system. The election was indirect election, indirect. In the primary election, those with the right to vote went to the ballot and, in three separate classes, chose electors, who, in turn, chose the representatives f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussian House Of Lords
The Prussian House of Lords () in Berlin was the upper house of the Landtag of Prussia (), the parliament of Prussia from 1850 to 1918. Together with the lower house, the House of Representatives (), it formed the Prussian bicameral legislature. The building is now used as the seat of the German Bundesrat. Kingdom of Prussia Modeled on the House of Lords of the United Kingdom, the ''Herrenhaus'' was created following the 1848 revolution with the adoption of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Prussia imposed by King Frederick William IV on 5 December 1848. A member of the House of Lords was known as a ''pair'' (see also pairie), or officially as a ''member of the Prussian House of Lords'' (''Mitglied des preußischen Herrenhauses'', or MdH). The House consisted of hereditary peers, life peers appointed by the King of Prussia, peers by virtue of position, representatives of cities and universities, etc. The majority of members were nobles, although the House also had comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landtag Of Prussia
The Landtag of Prussia () was the representative assembly of the Kingdom of Prussia implemented in 1849, a bicameralism, bicameral legislature consisting of the upper Prussian House of Lords, House of Lords (''Herrenhaus'') and the lower Prussian House of Representatives, House of Representatives (''Abgeordnetenhaus''). After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–19 the ''Landtag'' diet continued as the parliament of the Free State of Prussia between 1921 and 1934, when it was abolished by the Nazi regime. History Kingdom of Prussia In the course of the Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, 1848 Revolution, King Frederick William IV of Prussia and his Minister President Gottfried Ludolf Camphausen had agreed to call for the general election of a national assembly in all Provinces of Prussia, Prussian provinces. The Prussian National Assembly however was dismissed by royal decree of 5 December 1848 and the King imposed the Constitution of Prussia (1848), 1848 Constit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Belgium
The Constitution of Belgium (; ; ) dates back to 1831. Since then Belgium has been a parliamentary monarchy that applies the principles of ministerial responsibility for the government policy and the separation of powers. The most recent major change to the constitution was the introduction of the Court of Arbitration of Belgium, Court of Arbitration, whose competencies were expanded by a special law of 2003, to include Title II (Articles 8 to 32), and the Articles 170, 172 and 191 of the Constitution. The Court developed into a constitutional court; in May 2007 it was formally redesignated as the Constitutional Court of Belgium, Constitutional Court. This court has the authority to examine whether a law or a decree is in compliance with Title II and Articles 170, 172 and 191. Historical aspects Origins and adoption The Belgian Constitution of 1831 was created in the aftermath of the secession of Belgium from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, United Netherlands in the Bel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of Portugal (1911)
The Constitution of Portugal of 1911 (, literally "Political Constitution of the Portuguese Republic") was the fourth constitution of Portugal and the first Republican constitution of the Country. On 11 March 1911 the Provisional Government of the Portuguese Republic published a new electoral law (replacing the 1895 Law). The elections to the National Constituent Assembly took place on 28 May 1911. This electoral law greatly restricted the right to vote, compared to its predecessor. 226 Members of the Assembly were elected, most of whom were assigned to the Portuguese Republican Party, the protagonist of the Republican Revolution. The Assembly began its work on 19 June 1911. The President of the Assembly was Anselmo Braamcamp Freire. During the inaugural session, the Assembly declared the Monarchy abolished and reiterated the proscription of the Bragança family and recognizes all political acts of the Provisional Government, and thereafter elected a Commission to prepare a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate (Portugal)
The Senate () was the upper house of the Parliament of Portugal during the periods of validity of the Constitution of 1838 (1838-1842) and of the Constitution of 1911 (1911-1933). First Senate (1838–1842) The Chamber of Senators (''Câmara dos Senadores'') or Senate was the upper house of the ''Cortes Gerais'' - the legislature of the Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy -, during the period in which the Constitution of 1838 was in force. It replaced the previous Chamber of the Peers, which was the upper house during the period of the Constitutional Charter of 1826. When the Constitutional Charter was restored in 1842, the Chamber of Peers was also restored and the Senate disbanded. Second Senate (1911–1933) The Senate of the Republic (''Senado da República'') was the upper house of the Congress of the Republic, the legislature of the First Portuguese Republic. The Senate was elected for a six-year term, but the terms of senators of the Republic were staggered to allow e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Portugal (1834–1910)
The Kingdom of Portugal under the House of Braganza was a constitutional monarchy from the end of the Liberal Civil War in 1834 to the Republican Revolution of 1910. The initial turmoil of '' coups d'état'' perpetrated by the victorious generals of the Civil War was followed by an unstable parliamentary system of governmental "rotation" marked by the growth of the Portuguese Republican Party. This was caused mainly by the inefficiency of the Portuguese monarchy as well as their lack of interest in governing the country and acceptance of the 1890 British Ultimatum, which forced the abandonment of the colonialist Pink Map attempt to unite the colonies of Angola and Mozambique. The situation culminated in a dictatorship-like government imposed by King Carlos I, in the person of João Franco, followed by the king's assassination in the Lisbon regicide of 1908 and the revolution of 1910. Devourism The post-Civil War period of the constitutional monarchy saw the rise of competin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Portuguese Monarchs
This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portugal, Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution. Through the nearly 800 years in which Portugal was a monarchy, the kings held various other Style of the Portuguese sovereign, titles and pretensions. Two kings of Portugal, Ferdinand I of Portugal, Ferdinand I and Afonso V of Portugal, Afonso V, claimed the crown of Castile and waged wars in order to enforce their respective claims. Ferdinand I managed to be recognized as Kingdom of Galicia, King of Galiza in 1369, although his dominance of the region was short-lived. When the House of Habsburg came into power, the kings of Spain, kings of Naples, Naples, and kings of Sicily, Sicily also became kings of Portugal. The House of Braganza brought numerous titles to the Portuguese Crown some honorary, such as the attribution of the title of ''Rex F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortes Gerais
The Cortes Gerais ( pre-1911 spelling: Cortes Geraes,https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:574055/PDF/ meaning ''General Courts'' in Portuguese) were the parliament of the Kingdom of Portugal during the Constitutional Monarchy period. The Cortes were established by provision of the Portuguese Constitution of 1822 as a unicameral parliament. However, the Constitutional Charter of 1826 reformed the Cortes as a bicameral legislature, with the Chamber of Most Worthy Peers of the Kingdom as its upper house and the Chamber of Gentlemen Deputies of the Portuguese Nation as its lower house. During the brief period in which the Constitution of 1838 was in force (1838-1842), the Chamber of Peers was abolished and replaced by the Chamber of the Senators or Senate. With the restoration of the Constitutional Charter in 1842, the Chamber of Peers was also restored as the upper chamber of the Cortes. The name of the legislature originates from the traditional Portugues ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Most Worthy Peers
The Chamber of Peers of Portugal, alternatively translatable as the House of Lords and formally styled the Chamber of the Most Worthy Peers of the Realm (Portuguese: ''Câmara dos Pares'' or ''Câmara dos Digníssimos Pares do Reino''), was the upper house of the ''Cortes Gerais'', the legislature of the Kingdom of Portugal during most of the constitutional monarchy period. Members of the Chamber were Peers of the Realm, appointed directly at the pleasure of the Portuguese monarch. History It was established before the Liberal Wars. It was composed of 90 peers who did not have a hereditary right to sit by descent, but were nominated by the monarch. The Chamber existed from 1826-1838 and again from 1842-1910, when it was known as the Chamber of Peers of the Realm (''Câmara dos Pares do Reino''). One of the members was The 1st Duke of Albuquerque (1815-1890). The Chamber met at the São Bento Palace. The successor of the Chamber was the Senate A senate is a deliber ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
