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Umar
ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ( ar, عمر بن الخطاب, also spelled Omar, ) was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () as the second caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate on 23 August 634. Umar was a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He was also an expert Muslim jurist known for his pious and just nature, which earned him the epithet ''al-Fārūq'' ("the one who distinguishes (between right and wrong)"). Umar initially opposed Muhammad, his distant Qurayshite kinsman and later son-in-law. Following his conversion to Islam in 616, he became the first Muslim to openly pray at the Kaaba. Umar participated in almost all battles and expeditions under Muhammad, who bestowed the title ''al-Fārūq'' ('the Distinguisher') upon Umar, for his judgements. After Muhammad's death in June 632, Umar pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr () as the first caliph and served as the closest advis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate ( ar, اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ, al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs of Muhammad after his death in 632 CE (11 AH). During its existence, the empire was the most powerful economic, cultural, and military force in West Asia. The caliphate arose following Muhammad’s passing in June 632 and the subsequent debate over the succession to his leadership. Muhammad's childhood friend and close companion Abu Bakr (), of the Banu Taym clan, was elected the first caliph in Medina and he began the conquest of the Arabian Peninsula. His brief reign ended in August 634 when he died and was succeeded by Umar (), his appointed successor from the Banu Adi clan. Under Umar, the caliphate expanded at an unprecedented rate, ruling more than two-thirds of the Byzantine Empire and nearly the entire Sasanian Empire. Umar was assassinated in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr Abdallah ibn Uthman Abi Quhafa (; – 23 August 634) was the senior companion and was, through his daughter Aisha, a father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the first caliph of Islam. He is known with the honorific title al-Siddiq by Sunni Muslims. Abu Bakr became one of the first converts to Islam and extensively contributed his wealth in support of Muhammad's work. He was among Muhammad's closest companions, accompanying him on his migration to Medina and being present at a number of his military conflicts, such as the battles of Badr and Uhud. Following Muhammad's death in 632, Abu Bakr succeeded the leadership of the Muslim community as the first Rashidun Caliph. During his reign, he overcame a number of uprisings, collectively known as the Ridda Wars, as a result of which he was able to consolidate and expand the rule of the Muslim state over the entire Arabian Peninsula. He also commanded the initial incursions into the neighbouring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asim Ibn Umar
ʿĀṣim ibn ʿUmar ( ar, عاصم بن عمر; c. 628 – c. 689) was the son of Jamila bint Thabit and Umar, the second Rashidun caliph. Asim was also the famous Hadith scholar. Biography Asim was the son of Umar ibn al-Khattab the senior Sahaba of the prophet Muhammad, his mother was also prophet's companion. His father, Umar was born in Mecca to the Banu Adi clan, which was responsible for arbitration among the tribes. His mother, Jamila was the daughter of Thabit ibn Abi al-Aflah and Al-Shamus bint Abi Amir, who were both from the 'Amr ibn Awf clan of the Aws tribe in Medina. Her brother Asim was among those who fought at Badr. His mother, Jamila was one of Medina's first converts to Islam. She and her mother were among the first ten women to pledge allegiance to Muhammad in 622. On hearing that her name was Asiya ("disobedient"), Muhammad renamed her: "No, you are Jamila" ("beautiful"). She married Umar about five years later, between May 627 and May 628. They had one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abd Allah Ibn Umar Ibn Al-Khattab
ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb ( ar, عبد الله بن عمر ابن الخطاب; 610693) was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a son of the second Caliph Umar. He was a prominent authority in ''hadith'' and law. He remained neutral during the events of the first Fitna (656–661).Ibn Qutayba al-Dīnawarī, ''al-Imāma wa al-Sīyāsa'', vol. 1, p. 73. Muhammad's era — 610 to 632 Abd Allah ibn Umar ( kunya Abu Abd al-RahmanAhmad b. Ali ibn Hajar. ''Al Isaba fi tamyiz al sahaba'' vol. 4. Edited by Adil Ahmad ʿAbd al-Mawjud & Ali Muhammad Muʿawwad. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya.1415 AH ) was born in 610 in Mecca,Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. three years after the beginning of Muhammad's message. He was the son of Umar ibn al-Khattab and Zaynab bint Maz'un. His full siblings were Hafsa and Abd al-Rahman. His paternal brothers, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan ( ar, عثمان بن عفان, ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān; – 17 June 656), also spelled by Colloquial Arabic, Turkish and Persian rendering Osman, was a second cousin, son-in-law and notable companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, as well as the third of the '' Rāshidun'', or "Rightly Guided Caliphs". Born into a prominent Meccan clan, Banu Umayya of the Quraysh tribe, he played a major role in early Islamic history, and is known for having ordered the compilation of the standard version of the Quran. When Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab died in office aged 60/61 years, Uthman, aged 68–71 years, succeeded him and was the oldest to rule as Caliph. Under Uthman's leadership, the Islamic empire expanded into Fars (present-day Iran) in 650, and some areas of Khorāsān (present-day Afghanistan) in 651. The conquest of Armenia had begun by the 640s. His reign also saw widespread protests and unrest that eventually led to armed revolt and his assassinati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zaynab Bint Maz'un
Zaynab bint Maẓʿūn (Arabic: زينب بنت مظعون) was the first wife of Umar. Biography She was the daughter of Maz'un ibn Habib of the Jumah clan of the Quraysh in Mecca;Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. hence she was a sister of Uthman ibn Maz'un. She was dark-skinned, a trait that she passed on to her son Abd Allah. She married Umar before 605Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. and bore him three children: Hafsa, Abd Allah and Abd al-Rahman. Later Umar added two more wives to his household: Umm Kulthum bint Jarwal, who bore him two sons, and Qurayba bint Abi Umayya, a cousin from the powerful Makhzum clan, who was childless.Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford Universi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zayd Ibn Umar
Zayd ibn ʿUmar ( ar, زيد بن عمر), was a son of the second caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab and his wife Umm Kulthum bint Ali, a granddaughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Biography He was the son of Umar and Umm Kulthum bint Ali.Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr'', p. 204. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. He was killed while trying to bring peace to his clan of Banu Adi. He left no descendants. Umar and Umm Kulthum's marriage Ali wanted his daughters to marry his brother Ja'far's sons, but Umm Kulthum's hand in marriage was requested by the Caliph, who promised, "No man on the face of the earth will treat her better than I will."Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' Volume 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. Ali protested that she had not yet reached puberty, but Umar commanded that she be presented to him. Ali gave his daughter a stri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubayd Allah Ibn Umar
Ubayd Allah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab ( ar, عبيد الله بن عمر بن الخطاب, ʿUbayd Allāh ibn ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb; died summer 657) was a son of Caliph Umar (). His killing of Hormuzan, whom he suspected of involvement in his father's assassination in 644, and his pardon by Caliph Uthman () was opposed by Ali, the cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. When Ali became caliph in 656, he refused Ubayd Allah's appeal to uphold Uthman's pardon, prompting Ubayd Allah to defect to Ali's principal enemy, the governor of Syria Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan. The latter made Ubayd Allah a commander of his elite battalion at the Battle of Siffin, where he was slain. Life Early life and family Ubayd Allah was a son of Umar ibn al-Khattab, a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a member of the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca who ruled as caliph from 634 until his assassination in 644. Ubayd Allah's mother was a woman of the Khuza'a tribe who Umar la ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hantamah Bint Hisham
Ḥantamah bint Hishām ( ar, حنتمة بنت هشام) was the mother of Umar ibn al-Khattab and wife of Khattab ibn Nufayl. She lived during the 6th century and was a contemporary of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Her son Umar would become Muslim and is regarded as the second "Rightly guided Caliph" (Arabic "Rashidun") by Muslims (except Shiites). She was the ancestor of many Sahabas. Ancestry Hantamah was born in Mecca to Hisham ibn al-Mughirah. Hisham ibn al-Mughirah was the son of Mughirah ibn Abd-Allah, one of the leaders of the Quraish. One of his daughters was Hantamah, who was the mother of Umar. By his wife Asma bint Mukharraba, he was the father of Abu Jahl, the famous opponent of Muhammad. Biography Hantamah was the daughter of Hisham ibn al-Mughirah. She was born in Mecca. She belong to Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe. Hantamah married Khattab ibn Nufayl, this marriage was arranged by her father. Hantamah gave birth to her first child Umar around 5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atiqa Bint Zayd
Atika bint Zayd () was an Islamic scholar and poet. She was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. She was a wife of ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Caliph. She was a poet who is notable for having married Muslim men who died as ''shahid''. Early life She was the daughter of Zayd ibn Amr, a member of the Adi clan of the Quraysh in Mecca, and of Umm Kurz Safiya bint al-Hadrami.Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. ''Al-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba'' vol. 8 #11448. Sa'id ibn Zayd was her brother.Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' vol. 3. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). ''The Companions of Badr''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. Their father was murdered in 605.Muhammad ibn Ishaq. ''Sirat Rasul Allah''. Translated by Guillaume, A. (1955). ''The Life of Muhammad''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Atika was probably still a child when Muhammad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rashidun
, image = تخطيط كلمة الخلفاء الراشدون.png , caption = Calligraphic representation of Rashidun Caliphs , birth_place = Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia present-day Saudi Arabia , known_for = Companions of the Prophet , title = Ar-Rashidun , family = Quraysh The Rashidun Caliphs ( ar, الخلفاء الراشدون, translit=al-Khulafāʾ al-Rāshidūn, ), often simply called the Rashidun, are the first four caliphs (lit.: 'successors') who led the Muslim community following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad: Abu Bakr (), Umar (), Uthman (), and Ali (). The reign of these caliphs, called the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), is considered in Sunni Islam to have been 'rightly guided' (Arabic: ), meaning that it constitutes a model ( ) to be followed and emulated from a religious point of view. History The first four caliphs who succeeded Muhammad are known as the Rashidun (rightly-guided) Caliphs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umm Kulthum Bint Ali
Zaynab al-Ṣughrā ( ar, زَيْنَب ٱلصُّغْرَىٰ, lit=Zaynab the Younger), also known by her kunya Umm Kulthūm bint ʿAlī ( ar, أُمّ كُلْثُوم بِنْت عَلِيّ, link=no), was the granddaughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the daughter of Ali. Whether or not she was married to the Rashidun caliph Umar is a disputed topic between the Sunni and Shia. She is given the epithet 'the Younger' to distinguish her from her older sister, Zaynab the Elder (Zaynab al-Kubra). Family She was born around 6 AH as the fourth child of Ali and of Muhammad's daughter, Fatima. Her siblings were Hasan, Husayn and Zaynab al-Kubra.Muhammad ibn Saad. ''Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir'' Volume 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). ''The Women of Madina''. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. Muhammad gave her the kunya 'Umm Kulthum' because she closely resembled his daughter, Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad, Zaynab's maternal aunt. First marriage Sunni belief Ali wanted his da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
