Sovereign Nation

picture info	Sovereign Nation A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area [...More...]
picture info	United Nations The United Nations United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization responsible for maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, achieving international cooperation, and being a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.[2] It is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world [...More...]
picture info	South Africa [Note 1]11 languagesAfrikaans Northern Sotho English Southern Ndebele Southern Sotho Swazi Tsonga Tswana Venda Xhosa ZuluEthnic groups (2014[3])80.2% Black 8.8% Coloured 8.4% White 2.5% AsianReligion See Religion in South AfricaDemonym South AfricanGovernment Unitary dominant-party parliamentary constitutional republic• PresidentCyril Ramaphosa• Deputy PresidentDavid Mabuza• Chairperson of the National Council of ProvincesThandi Modise• Speaker of the National AssemblyBaleka Mbete• Chief JusticeMogoeng MogoengLegislature Parliament• Upper houseNational Council• Lower houseNational AssemblyIndependence from the United Kingdom• Union31 May 1910• Self-governance11 December 1931• Republic31 May 1961• [...More...]
picture info	Final Act Of The Congress Of Vienna The Congress of Vienna Vienna (German: Wiener Kongress) was a meeting of ambassadors of European states chaired by Austrian statesman Klemens von Metternich, and held in Vienna Vienna from November 1814 to June 1815, though the delegates had arrived and were already negotiating by late September 1814. The objective of the Congress was to provide a long-term peace plan for Europe by settling critical issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. The goal was not simply to restore old boundaries but to resize the main powers so they could balance each other and remain at peace. The leaders were conservatives with little use for republicanism or revolution, both of which threatened to upset the status quo in Europe [...More...]
picture info	Great Power A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions. While some nations are widely considered to be great powers, there is no definitive list of them [...More...]
	L. F. L. Oppenheim Lassa Francis Lawrence Oppenheim (March 30, 1858 – October 7, 1919) was a renowned German jurist. He is regarded by many as the father of the modern discipline of international law, especially the hard legal positivist school of thought. He inspired Joseph Raz Joseph Raz and Prosper Weil.Contents1 Birth, life, and career in Germany 2 Life and career in the United Kingdom 3 Works3.1 Books and monographs 3.2 Other works 3.3 Edited by Oppenheim4 References 5 External linksBirth, life, and career in Germany[edit] Oppenheim was born in Windecken Windecken near the Free City of Frankfurt, German Confederation, the son of a Jewish horse trader,[1] and educated at the Universities of Berlin, Göttingen and Heidelberg. In 1881, he obtained his PhD of Law at the University of Göttingen. In 1883, he went to the University of Leipzig, where he became a disciple of the renowned Professor of Criminal Law Karl Binding [...More...]
picture info	Montevideo Convention The Montevideo Montevideo Convention on the Rights and Duties of States is a treaty signed at Montevideo, Uruguay, on December 26, 1933, during the Seventh International Conference of American States. The Convention codifies the declarative theory of statehood as accepted as part of customary international law.[2] At the conference, United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt and Secretary of State Cordell Hull declared the Good Neighbor Policy, which opposed U.S. armed intervention in inter-American affairs. The convention was signed by 19 states. The acceptance of three of the signatories was subject to minor reservations. Those states were Brazil, Peru Peru and the United States.[1] The convention became operative on December 26, 1934. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on January 8, 1936.[3] The conference is notable in U.S [...More...]
picture info	Public International Law International law International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.[1][2] It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations.[3] International law International law differs from state-based legal systems in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens. National law may become international law when treaties delegate national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights European Court of Human Rights or the International Criminal Court. Treaties Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may require national law to conform to respective parts. Much of international law is consent-based governance [...More...]
picture info	European Economic Community The European Economic Community European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organisation which aimed to bring about economic integration among its member states. It was created by the Treaty of Rome Treaty of Rome of 1957.[2] Upon the formation of the European Union European Union (EU) in 1993, the EEC was incorporated and renamed as the European Community (EC). In 2009 the EC's institutions were absorbed into the EU's wider framework and the community ceased to exist. The Community's initial aim was to bring about economic integration, including a common market and customs union, among its six founding members: Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands Netherlands and West Germany [...More...]
	Badinter Arbitration Committee The Arbitration Arbitration Commission of the Conference on Yugoslavia (commonly known as Badinter Arbitration Arbitration Committee) was a commission set up by the Council of Ministers of the European Economic Community European Economic Community on 27 August 1991 to provide the Conference on Yugoslavia with legal advice. Robert Badinter Robert Badinter was appointed to President of the five-member Commission consisting of presidents of Constitutional Courts in the EEC. The Arbitration Arbitration Commission has handed down fifteen opinions on "major legal questions" raised by the conflict between several republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY).[1]Contents1 Commission members 2 Opinions2.1 Opinion Opinion No [...More...]
picture info	List Of States With Limited Recognition A number of polities have declared independence and sought diplomatic recognition from the international community as de jure sovereign states, but have not been universally recognised as such. These entities often have de facto control of their territory. A number of such entities have existed in the past. There are two traditional doctrines that provide indicia of how a de jure sovereign state comes into being. The declarative theory defines a state as a person in international law if it meets the following criteria:a defined territory a permanent population a government, and a capacity to enter into relations with other states. According to the declarative theory, an entity's statehood is independent of its recognition by other states [...More...]
picture info	Rhodesia Rhodesia Rhodesia (/roʊˈdiːʒə/) was an unrecognised state in southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territorial terms to modern Zimbabwe. With its capital in Salisbury (now Harare), Rhodesia Rhodesia was considered a de facto successor state to the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia Southern Rhodesia (which had achieved responsible government in 1923) until 1970, when Rhodesia Rhodesia was proclaimed a republic without a monarch. During an effort to delay an immediate transition to black majority rule, Rhodesia's predominantly white government issued its own Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965 [...More...]
picture info	Northern Cyprus Northern Cyprus Cyprus (Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs), officially the Turkish Republic Republic of Northern Cyprus Cyprus (TRNC; Turkish: Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti), is a partially recognised state that comprises the northeastern portion of the island of Cyprus. Recognised only by Turkey, Northern Cyprus Cyprus is considered by the international community to be part of the Republic Republic of Cyprus. Northern Cyprus Cyprus extends from the tip of the Karpass Peninsula Karpass Peninsula in the northeast to Morphou Morphou Bay, Cape Kormakitis Cape Kormakitis and its westernmost point, the Kokkina Kokkina exclave in the west. Its southernmost point is the village of Louroujina [...More...]
picture info	Turkey Turkey Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye [ˈtyɾcije]), officially the Republic Republic of Turkey Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti] (listen)), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a small portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe [...More...]
picture info	Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia[1] (/ˌtʃɛkoʊsloʊˈvækiə, -kə-, -slə-, -ˈvɑː-/;[2][3] Czech and Slovak: Československo, Česko-Slovensko[4][5]), was a sovereign state in Central Europe Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the Czech Republic Czech Republic and Slovakia Slovakia on 1 January 1993. From 1939 to 1945, following its forced division and partial incorporation into Nazi Germany, the state did not de facto exist but its government-in-exile continued to operate. From 1948 to 1990, Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia was part of the Eastern Bloc Eastern Bloc with a command economy [...More...]
picture info	Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration Of Independence Second Phase (1972-1979)Altena Farm Whistlefield Farm Hurricane St Alberts School Masoso Overload Victoria Falls Cashel Long John Eland Kanyemba Hill 31 Matetsi Bridge Bangala Aztec Woolworths bombing Odzanu Junction Farm Dingo Grand Reef Usher Institute Sanyati Mission Internal Settlement Elim Mission Flight 825Snoopy GatlingFlight 827VanityChicory Placid Motel Uric Miracle Lancaster House QuartzNhari RebellionRhodesiaThis article is part of a series on the politics and government of RhodesiaConstitutional history— Overview 1890–1923 BSA Company rule 1923–1980 Southern Rhodesia 1953–1963 Rhodesia– Nyasaland [...More...]