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SKY Italia
Sky Italia S.r.l. is an Italian satellite television platform owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast. Sky Italia also broadcasts three national free-to-air television channels: TV8, Cielo and Sky TG24. As of 2018, following an agreement with Mediaset, Sky Italia also operates a series of subscription-based terrestrial channels offering sports, entertainment, and movies. Sky Italia is also the major sports broadcaster in Italy. Pay TV services on Sky Italia satellite platform are encrypted in NDS VideoGuard. History Sky Italia was founded on 31 July 2003 by the merger of TELE+ and Stream TV. Sky Italia uses the Hot Bird 13B satellite at 13.0°E. On 28 June 2010, Sky Italia changed its brands and logos, making them identical to the BSkyB ones. On 1 October 2010, Sky activated its first 3D channel, Sky Sport 3D, available without any extra cost to the Sport pack subscribers. The very first event Sky Sport 3D aired was the 2010 Ryder Cup. On 25 December 2010, ...
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Società A Responsabilità Limitata
''Società a responsabilità limitata'' (S.r.l. or srl) is a kind of legal corporate entity in Italy, which literally means (but is not entirely equal to) limited liability company. It has a similar form to ''società sportiva dilettantistica a responsabilità limitata'' (S.s.d a r.l.) for amateur sports-related companies and their corresponding regulations: article 90 of the Italian Law №289 of 2002. Differing from ''società per azioni'' (S.p.A.), S.r.l. may not issue shares that have par value, but only the quota ( it, quote) or units of the share capital. Moreover, the articles of association of S.r.l. allowed different allocations of profits and assets, which was more comparable to a limited partnership. A fourth form of corporate entity, "''società cooperativa a responsabilità limitata''" (S.c.r.l. or S.c. a r.l.), was seen in the cooperative A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntaril ...
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Cielo (TV Channel)
Cielo (; stylised as cielo) is an Italian free-to-air television channel owned by Sky Italia aimed towards young audiences, and is available on digital terrestrial television and on Sky satellite television platform. Originally planned to be launched on 1 December 2009, it was delayed to 16 December 2009. While the concept is very similar to Sky UK's counterpart Pick (where it shows reruns of programs already shown on Sky's UK channels), it also simulcasts Sky TG24 Sky TG24 is Italy's second all-news channel, owned by Sky Italia. Launched on 31 July 2003, it provides non-stop rolling news, weather forecasts and sports stories with half-hourly updates. Overview Part of Sky TG24's programming is available ... for news bulletins. Sky Italia has broadcast the coverage of the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi (in which Sky owned broadcasting rights for Italy) free-to-air on the channel. References External links * * Italian-language television stations Sky Italia ...
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News Corporation (1980–2013)
News Corporation (abbreviated News Corp.), also variously known as News Corporation Limited, was an American multinational mass media corporation controlled by media mogul Rupert Murdoch and headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas in New York City. Prior to its split in 2013, it was the world's largest media company in terms of total assets and the world's fourth largest media group in terms of revenue, and News Corporation had become a media powerhouse since its inception, dominating the news, television, film, and print industries. News Corporation was a publicly traded company listed on NASDAQ. Formerly incorporated in Adelaide, South Australia, the company was re-incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law after a majority of shareholders approved the move on November 12, 2004. News Corporation was headquartered at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, in the newer 1960s–1970s corridor of the Rockefeller Center complex. On June 28, 2012, after concerns ...
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News UK
News Corp UK & Ireland Limited (trading as News UK, formerly News International and NI Group) is a British newspaper publisher, and a wholly owned subsidiary of the American mass media conglomerate News Corp. It is the current publisher of ''The Times'', '' The Sunday Times'', and '' The Sun'' newspapers; its former publications include the '' Today'', '' News of the World'', and '' The London Paper'' newspapers. Until June 2002, it was called News International plc.The Times Online Style Guide
– see entry for News International for change from plc to Ltd
On 31 May 2011, the company name was changed from News International Limited to NI Group Limited, and on 26 June 2013 to News UK.


History

Between 1987 and 1995, News International owned, through its subsidiary News (UK) Ltd, ''
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Rebekah Brooks
Rebekah Mary Brooks (; born 27 May 1968) is a British media executive and former journalist and newspaper editor. She has been chief executive officer of News UK since 2015. She was previously CEO of News International from 2009 to 2011 and was the youngest editor of a British national newspaper at ''News of the World'', from 2000 to 2003, and the first female editor of '' The Sun'', from 2003 to 2009. Brooks married actor Ross Kemp in 2002. They divorced in 2009 and she married former racehorse trainer and author Charlie Brooks. Brooks was a prominent figure in the News International phone hacking scandal, having been the editor of ''News of the World'' from 2000 to 2003 when one of the stories which involved illegal phone hacking was published by the newspaper. Following a criminal trial in 2014 she was found not guilty of conspiracy to hack voicemails, two counts of conspiracy to pay public officials and two counts of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice by a jur ...
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Tom Mockridge
Thomas Mockridge (born July 1955 in New Zealand) was the chief executive of Virgin Media until June 2019. Career Mockridge began his career in his native New Zealand; starting in 1977 as a reporter for the New Plymouth-based Taranaki Daily News in the small central North Island town of Taumarunui. He moved to Australia in 1980, working first for the ''Sydney Morning Herald'' as economics correspondent, then as an adviser for the Australian Treasurer Paul Keating. He also worked for ''The Australian''. He joined News Limited in January 1991, where he was assistant CEO to Ken Cowley until 1996. He then became CEO of Foxtel, a post which he held for three years. Mockridge then moved to Hong Kong. Appointed managing director of Independent Newspapers in 2001, New Zealand's largest newspaper publisher and a subsidiary of News Corporation, he was also appointed Chairman of pay TV group Sky New Zealand. In 2002, Mockridge led the merger between Stream TV and Tele+, which resulted ...
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2010 Ryder Cup
The 38th Ryder Cup was held 1–4 October 2010 at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales. It was the 17th time the Ryder Cup had been staged in Britain, but the first time in Wales. It was played on the newly constructed ''Twenty Ten'' course, specifically designed for the event. The team captains were Colin Montgomerie for Europe and Corey Pavin for the United States. With the U.S. as the defending champion, Europe won by a score of 14 to 13 and regained the Cup. It was Europe's sixth victory in the last eight contests and their fourth consecutive home win. The event was plagued by bad weather with play having to be suspended twice. Having taken a 3-point lead into the singles matches Europe faced a U.S. fightback and the conclusion of the Ryder Cup 2010 went right down to the anchor match between Graeme McDowell and Hunter Mahan. Eventually McDowell defeated Mahan 3 & 1 to regain the Cup for Europe. The competition was officially opened by Carwyn Jones, First Minister for ...
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3D Television
3D television (3DTV) is television that conveys depth perception to the viewer by employing techniques such as stereoscopic display, multi-view display, 2D-plus-depth, or any other form of 3D display. Most modern 3D television sets use an active shutter 3D system or a polarized 3D system, and some are autostereoscopic without the need of glasses. As of 2017, most 3D TV sets and services are no longer available from manufacturers. History The stereoscope was first invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1838.Contributions to the Physiology of Vision.—Part the First. On some remarkable, and hitherto unobserved, Phenomena of Binocular Vision. By CHARLES WHEATSTONE, F.R.S., Professor of Experimental Philosophy in King's College, LondonStereoscopy.com It showed that when two pictures are viewed stereoscopically, they are combined by the brain to produce 3D depth perception. The stereoscope was improved by Louis Jules Duboscq, and a famous picture of Queen Victoria was di ...
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Hot Bird 13B
Hot Bird 13B, known as Hot Bird 8 prior to 2012, is a geostationary communications satellite. Operated by Eutelsat, it provides direct-to-home (DTH) broadcasting services from geostationary orbit as part of Eutelsat's Hot Bird constellation at a longitude of 13° East. Satellite description Eutelsat and EADS Astrium announced in September 2003 the signature of a contract for the construction the Hot Bird 8 broadcast satellite. Hot Bird 8 was constructed by EADS Astrium, and is based on the Eurostar-3000 satellite bus. It has a mass of and is expected to operate for 15 years. The spacecraft has 64 Ku-band transponders, broadcasting satellite television and radio to Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. Launch Hot Bird 8, as it was then named, was launched by a Proton-M launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage. The launch took place from Site 200/39 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome, at 21:48:00 UTC on 4 August 2006 with spacecraft separation occurring at 06:59:20 UTC on 5 ...
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Stream TV
Stream TV was an Italian digital satellite television pay TV company launched in 1993 and closed in 2003, due to the merge with TELE+ into Sky Italia. History Stream S.P.A. was the service provider, a television company owned by STET. It was founded in 1993 by Miro Allione, a STET managing director. Stream TV started broadcasting as a digital pay TV company and later included satellite television. The company had conflicts with TELE+ for several years, especially for the broadcasting rights of Italian football league Serie A. In 1999 part of the company was sold by Telecom Italia to News Corporation. In March 2003 TELE+ and Stream merged into Sky Italia Sky Italia S.r.l. is an Italian satellite television platform owned by the American media conglomerate Comcast. Sky Italia also broadcasts three national free-to-air television channels: TV8, Cielo and Sky TG24. As of 2018, following an agr .... References Sky Italia Italian-language television networks Te ...
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VideoGuard
VideoGuard (sometimes referred to simply as ''NDS''), produced by NDS, is a digital encryption system for use with conditional access television broadcasting. It is used on digital satellite television systems - some of which are operated by News Corporation, which owned about half (49%) of NDS until its sale to Cisco in 2012 (becoming Cisco Videoscape division). Since 2018 VideoGuard is improved and maintained by Synamedia (Cisco's spun-off company based on its former Videoscape division). Its two most widely used implementations are Sky in the United Kingdom and Ireland and DirecTV in the United States, the former of which launched the digital version of the system in 1998. History Since the majority of content provided by companies like BSkyB requires subscription, VideoGuard protects that content by encrypting both standard subscription channels and pay-per-view movies and events. Access flags can be downloaded to the subscriber's card either over the air (via 'hidden' data st ...
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Cisco Videoscape
Cisco Videoscape (formerly NDS Group and currently known as Synamedia) was a majority owned subsidiary of News Corp, which develops software for the pay TV industry (including cable, satellite and others). NDS Group was established in 1988 as an Israeli start up company. It was acquired by Cisco in 2012 before being sold back to the private equity company Permira in 2018 for US$1 billion. The company is currently headquartered in Staines, United Kingdom. Filling The Executive Chairman and CEO roles at NDS is Abe Peled with former CEO Dave Habiger having left in 2012. The company's major product is the VideoGuard conditional access system, which is used by more than 85 leading pay TV operators around the world. NDS technology includes end to end connections for satellite, broadband IPTV, Hybrid, OTT, and EPGs. It has launched VideoGuard Connect, the DRM for Pay-TV, designed to help TV operators to seamlessly extend their pay-TV services to connected media devices, enabling se ...
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