The Schutzstaffel
Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes; German pronunciation: [ˈʃʊtsˌʃtafl̩] ( listen); literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party
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Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe
German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the Saal-Schutz ("Hall Security") made up of NSDAP
NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925 Heinrich Himmler
Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45) it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany
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The Society of Jesus
Society of Jesus (SJ – from Latin: Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church
Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain. The members are called Jesuits.[2] The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents. Jesuits
Jesuits work in education (founding schools, colleges, universities, and seminaries), intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits
Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. Ignatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees
Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona
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German-occupied Europe
Europe refers to the sovereign countries of Europe which were occupied by the military forces of Nazi Germany
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Nazi Germany at various times between 1939 and 1945 and administered by the Nazi regimes.[1]Contents1 Background 2 Occupied countries2.1 Governments in exile2.1.1 Allied governments in exile 2.1.2 Axis governments in exile 2.1.3 Neutral governments in exile3 See also 4 References 5 Bibliography 6 External linksBackground[edit] Several German occupied countries entered World War II
World War II as Allies of the United Kingdom[2] or the Soviet Union.[3] Some were forced to surrender before outbreak of the war such as Czechoslovakia;[4] others like Poland
Poland (invaded on 1 September 1939)[1] were conquered in battle and then occupied
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Gau (Dutch: gouw, Frisian: gea or goa) is a Germanic term for a region within a country, often a former or actual province. It was used in medieval times, when it can be seen as roughly corresponding to an English shire. The administrative use of the term was revived as a subdivision during the period of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany in 1933–1945. It still appears today in regional names, such as the Rheingau
Rheingau or Allgäu.Contents1 Middle Ages1.1 Etymology 1.2 Conceptual history2 Nazi period2.1 Reichsgaue3 Legacy in topography 4 References 5 External linksMiddle Ages[edit] Etymology[edit] The Germanic word is reflected in Gothic gawi (neuter; genitive gaujis) and early Old High German
Old High German gewi, gowi (neuter) and in some compound names still -gawi as in Gothic (e.g
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The following list of Gauleiters enumerates those who have held the Nazi party rank of Gauleiter, a type of regional party leader germane only within Adolf Hitler's system. Of the 44 former Gauleiter
Gauleiter of the NSDAP thirteen committed suicide when Nazi Germany
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German Revolution of 1918–19 First Silesian Uprising Kapp PutschCommandersCommander Hermann EhrhardtThe Marinebrigade Ehrhardt
Marinebrigade Ehrhardt was a Free Corps (Freikorps) group of around 6,000 men formed by Captain (Korvettenkapitän) Hermann Ehrhardt in the aftermath of World War I, also known as II Marine Brigade or the Ehrhardt Brigade. It took part in the fighting for the cities of central Germany
Germany and the northwestern ports, in addition to participating in the Kapp Putsch. The Brigade was formed from former Naval personnel in the area of Generalkommando des Garde-Korps (Berlin)
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Munich
Munich (/ˈmjuːnɪk/; German: München, pronounced [ˈmʏnçn̩] ( listen),[2] Austro-Bavarian: Minga [ˈmɪŋ(ː)ɐ]) is the capital and the most populated city in the German state of Bavaria, on the banks of the River Isar
Isar north of the Bavarian Alps
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Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population. The first prosecution for crimes against humanity took place at the Nuremberg trials. Crimes against humanity
Crimes against humanity have since been prosecuted by other international courts (for example, the International Court of Justice
Justice and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Court) as well as in domestic prosecutions. The law of crimes against humanity has primarily developed through the evolution of customary international law
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A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.[1] Examples of war crimes include intentionally killing civilians or prisoners, torture, destroying civilian property, taking hostages, perfidy, rape, using child soldiers, pillaging, declaring that no quarter will be given, and serious violations of the principles of distinction and proportionality, such as strategic bombing of civilian populations.[2] The concept of war crimes emerged at the turn of the twentieth century when the body of customary international law applicable to warfare between sovereign states was codified. Such codification occurred at the national level, such as with the publication of the Lieber Code in the United States, and at the international level with the adoption of the treaties during the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907
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Koppa or qoppa (Ϙ, ϙ; as a modern numeral sign: ) is a letter that was used in early forms of the Greek alphabet, derived from Phoenician qoph . It was originally used to denote the /k/ sound, but dropped out of use as an alphabetic character in favor of Kappa
Kappa (Κ). It has remained in use as a numeral symbol (90) in the system of Greek numerals, although with a modified shape. Koppa is the source of Latin Q, as well as the Cyrillic numeral sign of the same name (Koppa).Contents1 Alphabetic 2 Numeric 3 Typography 4 Computer encoding 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksAlphabeticCorinthian stater. Obverse: Pegasus
Pegasus with koppa beneath, for Corinth. Reverse: Athena
Athena wearing a Corinthian helmet.Corinthian hemiobol
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.jpg/440px-SWAT_team_prepared_(4132135578).jpg "Go To List2 -> Paramilitary")
A paramilitary is a semi-militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not included as part of a state's formal armed forces.[1]Contents1 Legality 2 Types2.1 Examples of paramilitary units3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading 6 External linksLegality[edit] Under the law of war, a state may incorporate a paramilitary organization or armed agency (such as a national police, a private volunteer militia) into its combatant armed forces. The other parties to a conflict have to be notified thereof.[2] Though a paramilitary is not a military force, it is usually equivalent to a military's light infantry force in terms of intensity, firepower, and organizational structure
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Berlin
Berlin (/bɜːrˈlɪn/, German: [bɛɐ̯ˈliːn] ( listen)) is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states. With a steadily growing population of approximately 3.7 million,[4] Berlin
Berlin is the second most populous city proper in the European Union
European Union behind London
London and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union.[5] Located in northeastern Germany
Germany on the banks of the rivers Spree
Spree and Havel, it is the centre of the Berlin- Brandenburg
Brandenburg Metropolitan Region, which has roughly 6 million residents from more than 180 nations.[6][7][8][9] Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin
Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate
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SS is an abbreviation for Schutzstaffel, a former paramilitary organisation in Nazi Germany. SS, Ss, or similar may refer to:Contents1 Places 2 Arts, entertainment, and media2.1 Computing3 Language 4 Science and technology4.1 Biology and medicine5 Sports 6 Transportation6.1 Ships 6.2 Vehicles7 Other uses 8 See alsoPlaces[edit]Guangdong Experimental High School (Sheng Shi or Sang Sat), China Province of Sassari, Italy (vehicle plate code) South Sudan (ISO 3166-1 code SS) SS postcode area, UK, around SouthendArts, entertainment, and media[edit]SS (band), an early Japanese hardcore punk band SS (manga), a Japanese comic produced between 2000 and 2003 S.S., for Sosthenes Smith, pseudonym of H. G
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Coordinates: 52°30′26″N 13°22′57″E / 52.50722°N 13.38250°E / 52.50722; 13.38250A preserved section of the Berlin Wall in 2014 (top); same location showing Reich Main Security Office, Prinz-Albrecht-Straße No.8 in 1933 (below).Niederkirchnerstraße (German: [ˈniːdɐkɪʁçnɐˌʃtʁaːsə]) is a street in Berlin, Germany. The thoroughfare was known as Prinz-Albrecht-Straße until 1951 but the name was changed by the post-war German government due to its connotation with Nazi Germany. The street was the location of the SS Reich Main Security Office, the headquarters of the Sicherheitspolizei, SD, Einsatzgruppen and Gestapo
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The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem[2] (official names: Latin: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, German: Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order
Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Teutonic Order
Teutonic Order was formed to aid Christians
Christians on their pilgrimages to the Holy Land
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Holy Land and to establish hospitals
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The Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Yiddish: אױפֿשטאַנד אין װאַרשעװער געטאָ; Polish: powstanie w getcie warszawskim; German: Aufstand im Warschauer Ghetto) was the 1943 act of Jewish resistance that arose within the Warsaw Ghetto
Warsaw Ghetto in German-occupied Poland during World War II, and which opposed Nazi Germany's final effort to transport the remaining Ghetto population to Treblinka. The uprising started on 19 April when the Ghetto refused to surrender to the police commander SS-Brigadeführer
SS-Brigadeführer Jürgen Stroop, who then ordered the burning of the Ghetto, block by block, ending on 16 May. A total of 13,000 Jews died, about half of them burnt alive or suffocated. German casualties are not known, but were not more than 300
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