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SOX12
SOX12 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOX12'' gene. Sox12 belongs to the SoxC group of Sox family of transcription factors, together with Sox4 Transcription factor SOX-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOX4'' gene. Function This intronless gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic dev ... and Sox11. Sox12-null knockout mice appear normal, unlike Sox4 or Sox11 knockout mice. This probably comes from functional redundancy with Sox4 and Sox11. Sox12 is a weaker activator than both Sox4 and Sox11 in mouse. Members of the SOX family of transcription factors are characterized by the presence of a DNA-binding high mobility group (HMG) domain, homologous to the HMG box of sex-determining region Y (SRY). Forming a subgroup of the HMG domain superfamily, SOX proteins have been implicated in cell fate decisions in a diverse range of developmental processes. SOX transcri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOX Genes
''SOX'' genes ('' SRY''-related HMG-box genes) encode a family of transcription factors that bind to the minor groove in DNA, and belong to a super-family of genes characterized by a homologous sequence called the HMG-box (for high mobility group). This HMG box is a DNA binding domain that is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic species. Homologues have been identified in insects, nematodes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and a range of mammals. However, HMG boxes can be very diverse in nature, with only a few amino acids being conserved between species. Sox genes are defined as containing the HMG box of a gene involved in sex determination called '' SRY'', which resides on the Y-chromosome. There are 20 SOX genes present in humans and mice, and 8 present in Drosophila. Almost all Sox genes show at least 50% amino acid similarity with the HMG box in Sry. The family is divided into subgroups according to homology within the HMG domain and other structural motifs, as well as a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SoxC Group
SoxC group is group C of Sry-related HMG box proteins transcription factors. SoxC genes play an important role in determining the cell fate of neuronal mesenchymal progenitor cells in many developmental processes.Huang, J. et al. The transcription factor sry-related HMG box-4 (SOX4) is required for normal renal development in vivo. ''Dev. Dynamics'' 2013, ''242,'' no p.n/ref> In ''Drosophila melanogaster'' (fly), '' Caenorhabditis elegans'' (worm), and other lower animals SoxC is made up of only one member, but humans, mice and most other vertebrates have three members of the SoxC group.Dy, P. et al. The three SoxC proteins–Sox4, Sox11 and Sox12–exhibit overlapping expression patterns and molecular properties. ''Nucleic Acids Research'' 2008, ''36'', 3101–311/ref> The three are Sox4, Sox11, and Sox12. These three are extremely similar to one another, more so than other proteins, but they are all highly distinct in the way that they bind DNA and active Transcription (genetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transcription Factor
In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence. The function of TFs is to regulate—turn on and off—genes in order to make sure that they are expressed in the desired cells at the right time and in the right amount throughout the life of the cell and the organism. Groups of TFs function in a coordinated fashion to direct cell division, cell growth, and cell death throughout life; cell migration and organization ( body plan) during embryonic development; and intermittently in response to signals from outside the cell, such as a hormone. There are up to 1600 TFs in the human genome. Transcription factors are members of the proteome as well as regulome. TFs work alone or with other proteins in a complex, by promoting (as an activator), or blocking (as a repressor) the recruitment of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOX4
Transcription factor SOX-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOX4'' gene. Function This intronless gene encodes a member of the SOX (SRY-related HMG-box) family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins, such as syndecan binding protein (syntenin). The protein may function in the apoptosis pathway leading to cell death as well as to tumorigenesis and may mediate downstream effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) in bone development. The solution structure has been resolved for the HMG-box of a similar mouse protein. Sox4 is expressed in lymphocytes (B and T) and is required for B lymphocyte development. Clinical significance A genomic region close to the ''SOX4'' gene has been associated with endometrial cancer development. Interactions SOX4 h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SOX11
Transcription factor SOX-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''SOX11'' gene. Function This intronless gene encodes a member of the group C SOX ( SRY-related HMG-box) transcription factor family involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of the cell fate. The encoded protein may act as a transcriptional regulator after forming a protein complex with other proteins. The protein may function in the developing nervous system and play a role in tumorigenesis and adult neurogenesis. Tuj1 and Tead2 are suggested as direct target of Sox11. Clinical aspect Lymphocyte staining for SOX11 immunohistochemistry indicates mantle cell lymphoma (cyclin D1 positive and negative) rather than other mature lymphoid neoplasms or normal lymphocytes. Mutations in SOX11 are associated with Coffin–Siris syndrome and mantle cell lymphoma. See also * SOX genes ''SOX'' genes ('' SRY''-related HMG-box genes) encode a family of transcription factors t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
