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Proceratiinae
Proceratiinae is a subfamily of ants in the poneromorph subfamilies group, with three extant genera, of which most are tropical or subtropical, although overall distribution is worldwide. Identification The ants are relatively small to medium in size, with colonies generally containing less than 100 individuals. They are similar to Ponerinae, except the promesonotal suture Suture, literally meaning "seam", may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Suture'' (album), a 2000 album by American Industrial rock band Chemlab * ''Suture'' (film), a 1993 film directed by Scott McGehee and David Siegel * Suture (ban ... is fused and the frontal lobes are elevated (rather than transverse) and frequently reduced. In addition, the antennal sockets are exposed in a full-face (frontal) view of the head, and in most species, abdominal tergite 4 is much enlarged and vaulted, with abdominal sternite 4 being correspondingly reduced in size. Systematics The subfamily was created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proceratiinae
Proceratiinae is a subfamily of ants in the poneromorph subfamilies group, with three extant genera, of which most are tropical or subtropical, although overall distribution is worldwide. Identification The ants are relatively small to medium in size, with colonies generally containing less than 100 individuals. They are similar to Ponerinae, except the promesonotal suture Suture, literally meaning "seam", may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * ''Suture'' (album), a 2000 album by American Industrial rock band Chemlab * ''Suture'' (film), a 1993 film directed by Scott McGehee and David Siegel * Suture (ban ... is fused and the frontal lobes are elevated (rather than transverse) and frequently reduced. In addition, the antennal sockets are exposed in a full-face (frontal) view of the head, and in most species, abdominal tergite 4 is much enlarged and vaulted, with abdominal sternite 4 being correspondingly reduced in size. Systematics The subfamily was created ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant Subfamilies
Ants ( family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera) are the most species-rich of all social insects, with more than 12,000 described species and many others awaiting description. Formicidae is divided into 21 subfamilies, of which 17 contain extant taxa, while four are exclusively fossil. Ants have come to occupy virtually all major terrestrial habitats, with the exception of tundra and cold ever-wet forests. They display a wide range of social behaviors, foraging habits and associations with other organisms, which has generated scientific and public interest. Clades Beginning in the 1990s, molecular ( DNA sequence) data have come to play a central role in attempts to reconstruct the ant " tree of life". Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on multiple nuclear genes have yielded robust results that reinforce some preexisting views but overturn others – and suggest that there has been considerable morphological convergence among some ant lineages. Molecular data provid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bradoponera
''Bradoponera'' is an extinct genus of ant in the Formicidae subfamily Proceratiinae, and is one of four genera of the subfamily. The genus contains four described species ''Bradoponera electrina'', ''Bradoponera meieri'', ''Bradoponera similis'', and ''Bradoponera wunderlichi''. The species are known from several Middle Eocene amber fossils which were found in Europe. History and classification Individuals of ''Bradoponera'' species have been found as inclusions in two different Middle Eocene to Early Oligocene amber deposits in Europe. The species ''B. electrina'' and ''B. wunderlichi'' are known from Baltic amber, while ''B. similis'' is known from Bitterfield amber only. The type species ''B. meieri'' is the most wide spread of the four species, with individuals identified from Baltic, Bitterfeld and Rovno ambers. Baltic amber is approximately 46 million years old, having been deposited during the Lutetian stage of the Middle Eocene. There is debate on what plant family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Discothyrea
''Discothyrea'' is a genus of small ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. The genus is distributed in the tropics and subtropics throughout the world, where they usually nest in rotten wood, in the leaf litter, or under stones. Little is known about their biology, but ants in this genus are thought to be specialist predators of arthropod eggs and have been observed storing eggs in their nests (probably spider Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species ... eggs). Species *'' Discothyrea antarctica'' Emery, 1895 *'' Discothyrea banna'' Xu, Burwell & Nakamura, 2014 *'' Discothyrea berlita'' Fisher, 2005 *'' Discothyrea bidens'' Clark, 1928 *'' Discothyrea bryanti'' (Wheeler, 1917) *'' Discothyrea clavicornis'' Emery, 1897 *'' Discothyrea crassicornis'' Clark, 1926 *'' Discothyrea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Probolomyrmex
''Probolomyrmex'' is a genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. The genus is distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. The ants are very rare, and are rarely collected in the field, but they appear to be nesting in the leaf litter Plant litter (also leaf litter, tree litter, soil litter, litterfall or duff) is dead plant material (such as leaves, bark, needles, twigs, and cladodes) that have fallen to the ground. This detritus or dead organic material and its constituent ... or in rotten wood. Little is known about their biology. Species *'' Probolomyrmex aliundus'' Shattuck, Gunawardene & Heterick, 2012 *'' Probolomyrmex bidens'' Brown, 1975 *'' Probolomyrmex boliviensis'' Mann, 1923 *'' Probolomyrmex brevirostris'' (Forel, 1910) *'' Probolomyrmex brujitae'' Agosti, 1995 *'' Probolomyrmex curculiformis'' Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2014 *'' Probolomyrmex dammermani'' Wheeler, 1928 *'' Probolomyrmex filiformis'' Mayr, 1901 *'' Probolomyrmex greavesi'' Taylor, 1965 *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proceratium
''Proceratium'' is a rare genus of ants in the subfamily Proceratiinae. It is the type genus of the tribe Proceratiini, which in addition to ''Proceratium'' consists of two even rarer genera: the extant ''Discothyrea'' and the fossil genus ''Bradoponera''. Distribution The genus is rare, but widespread throughout the northern temperate and tropical zones. In the Old World, it is distributed from Spain to Japan, in sub-Saharan Africa, Mauritius, the Malay Archipelago, New Guinea, Queensland (Australia) and Fiji. In the New World, it is known from Canada to Brazil (and some Caribbean islands). Biology Colonies are relatively small, usually containing less than 200 individuals. They nest in soil, in rotten wood, under stones, or on tree branches. Similar to its sister genus ''Discothyrea'', some species are specialist predators of arthropod eggs, mainly spider eggs. Species *'' Proceratium algiricum'' Forel, 1899 *'' Proceratium angulinode'' Baroni Urbani & De Andrade, 2003 *'' P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proceratium Google
''Proceratium google'', also known as the Google ant, was discovered in Madagascar by Brian L. Fisher, Associate Curator of Entomology at the California Academy of Sciences. The ant has an oddly shaped abdomen, adapted for hunting its exclusive meal of spider eggs. Fisher named the ant after the search engine company Google Inc., as a tribute to the usefulness of Google Earth Google Earth is a computer program that renders a 3D computer graphics, 3D representation of Earth based primarily on satellite imagery. The program maps the Earth by superimposition, superimposing satellite images, aerial photography, and geog ... in his research.Fisher, B. L. 2005. A new species of ''Discothyrea'' Roger from Mauritius and a new species of ''Proceratium'' Roger from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). ''Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences'' (4)56:657-667. [2005-12-30PDF131285 He wrote: References * Antweb (2005) Species: Proceratium google Retrieved September 30, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Poneromorph Subfamilies
In ants, the traditional subfamily Ponerinae has been subdivided into several Poneromorph subfamilies, with several former tribes now elevated to subfamily rank. According to this analysis, some ponerine groups may be more closely related to other subfamilies than to each other. The subfamilies of "poneromorph" Formicidae include: * Amblyoponinae *Ectatomminae (apparently related to the widely distributed and highly diverse Myrmicinae) *Heteroponerinae *Paraponerinae *Ponerinae (in a much more restricted sense) *Proceratiinae. Long considered primitive on the basis of retention of a typical hymenopteran sting and pupae in cocoons, some groups among the poneromorphs exhibit considerable specialization in predatory habits and mandibular form. These two evolutionary developments are often, but not necessarily, seen in association: elongated mandibles with modified teeth for handling large and potentially toxic prey in ''Amblyopone'' and '' Thaumatomyrmex'', and strongly modified "sn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropical
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator. They are defined in latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere at N and the Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere at S. The tropics are also referred to as the tropical zone and the torrid zone (see geographical zone). In terms of climate, the tropics receive sunlight that is more direct than the rest of Earth and are generally hotter and wetter as they aren't affected as much by the solar seasons. The word "tropical" sometimes refers to this sort of climate in the zone rather than to the geographical zone itself. The tropical zone includes deserts and snow-capped mountains, which are not tropical in the climatic sense. The tropics are distinguished from the other climatic and biomatic regions of Earth, which are the middle latitudes and the polar regions on either side of the equatorial zone. The tropics constitute 40% of Earth's surface area and contain 36% of Earth's landmass. , t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subtropical
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics. Geographically part of the temperate zones of both hemispheres, they cover the middle latitudes from to approximately 35° north and south. The horse latitudes lie within this range. Subtropical climates are often characterized by hot summers and mild winters with infrequent frost. Most subtropical climates fall into two basic types: humid subtropical ( Koppen climate Cfa), where rainfall is often concentrated in the warmest months, for example Southeast China and the Southeastern United States, and dry summer or Mediterranean climate ( Koppen climate Csa/Csb), where seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the cooler months, such as the Mediterranean Basin or Southern California. Subtropical climates can also occur at high elevations within the tropics, such as in the southern end of the Mexican Plateau and in Da Lat of the Vietnamese Central Highlands. The six c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ant Colony
An ant colony is a population of a single ant species capable to maintain its complete lifecycle. Ant colonies are eusocial, communal, and efficiently organized and are very much like those found in other social Hymenoptera, though the various groups of these developed sociality independently through convergent evolution. The typical colony consists of one or more egg-laying queens, numerous sterile females (workers, soldiers) and, seasonally, many winged sexual males and females. In order to establish new colonies, ants undertake flights that occur at species-characteristic times of the day. Swarms of the winged sexuals (known as alates) depart the nest in search of other nests. The males die shortly thereafter, along with most of the females. A small percentage of the females survive to initiate new nests. Names The term "ant colony" refers to a population of workers, reproductive individuals, and brood that live together, cooperate, and treat one another non-aggressively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ponerinae
Ponerinae is a subfamily of ants in the Poneromorph subfamilies group, with about 1,600 species in 47 extant genera, including '' Dinoponera gigantea'' - one of the world's largest species of ant. Mated workers have replaced the queen as the functional egg-layers in several species of ponerine ants. In such queenless species, the reproductive status of workers can only be determined through ovarian dissections. Description and identification They are most easily identified from other subfamilies by possessing a single-node petiole with a constriction before the second gastral segment. They are rare examples of stinging ants. In addition to the sting, they can also be characterized by a single segmented petiole and the constriction of the first and second segment of the gaster. They can also be identified by the shape of their head. Female workers have twelve segmented antennae, whereas male workers have 13 segmented antennae. Behavior These ants typically nest in soil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
