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Pristerodontia
Pristerodontia is a group of dicynodont therapsids that includes cryptodontids, geikiids, lystrosaurids, kannemeyeriids, and other related forms. Pristerodontians were one of the few groups of dicynodonts to survive the Permian–Triassic extinction event, diversifying in the Triassic. Phylogeny Pristerodontia in a cladogram modified from Angielczyk and Rubidge (2010) showing the phylogenetic relationships of Dicynodont Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typicall ...ia: References Dicynodonts Permian synapsids Triassic synapsids Lopingian first appearances Late Triassic extinctions {{anomodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicynodont
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typically toothless beak, unique amongst all synapsids. Dicynodonts first appeared in Southern Pangaea during the mid-Permian, ca. 270–260 million years ago, and became globally distributed and the dominant herbivorous animals in the Late Permian, ca. 260–252 Mya. They were devastated by the end-Permian Extinction that wiped out most other therapsids ca. 252 Mya. They rebounded during the Triassic but died out towards the end of that period. They were the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids, with over 70 genera known, varying from rat-sized burrowers to elephant-sized browsers. Characteristics The dicynodont skull is highly specialised, light but strong, with the synapsid temporal openings at the rear of the skull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dicynodont
Dicynodontia is an extinct clade of anomodonts, an extinct type of non-mammalian therapsid. Dicynodonts were herbivorous animals with a pair of tusks, hence their name, which means 'two dog tooth'. Members of the group possessed a horny, typically toothless beak, unique amongst all synapsids. Dicynodonts first appeared in Southern Pangaea during the mid-Permian, ca. 270–260 million years ago, and became globally distributed and the dominant herbivorous animals in the Late Permian, ca. 260–252 Mya. They were devastated by the end-Permian Extinction that wiped out most other therapsids ca. 252 Mya. They rebounded during the Triassic but died out towards the end of that period. They were the most successful and diverse of the non-mammalian therapsids, with over 70 genera known, varying from rat-sized burrowers to elephant-sized browsers. Characteristics The dicynodont skull is highly specialised, light but strong, with the synapsid temporal openings at the rear of the skull ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eodicynodon
''Eodicynodon'' (''eo-,'' early or primitive, dicynodont) is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsids, a highly diverse group of herbivorous synapsids that were widespread during the middle-late Permian and early Triassic. As its name suggests, ''Eodicynodon'' is the oldest and most primitive dicynodont yet identified, ranging from the middle to late Permian and possessing a mix of ancestral Anomodont/therapsid features and derived dicynodont synapomorphies. First described by paleontologist T. H. Barry in 1974, its only associated species, ''E. oosthuizeni'', is named after Roy Oosthuizeni, the South African farmer who discovered the type specimen (a partial skull without the mandible) on his Cape Province farm between 1964 and 1970. Description ''Eodicynodon'' was a medium-sized dicynodont, at about 450 mm long and 150 mm high. While it had many features common to all dicynodonts, such as canine tusks and jaw structures related to the "cheek pivot system" of mas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Permian
Late may refer to: * LATE, an acronym which could stand for: ** Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, a proposed form of dementia ** Local-authority trading enterprise, a New Zealand business law ** Local average treatment effect, a concept in econometrics Music * Late (album), ''Late'' (album), a 2000 album by The 77s * Late!, a pseudonym used by Dave Grohl on his ''Pocketwatch (album), Pocketwatch'' album * Late (rapper), an underground rapper from Wolverhampton * Late (song), "Late" (song), a song by Blue Angel * "Late", a song by Kanye West from ''Late Registration'' Other * Late (Tonga), an uninhabited volcanic island southwest of Vavau in the kingdom of Tonga * Late (The Handmaid's Tale), "Late" (''The Handmaid's Tale''), a television episode * LaTe, Laivateollisuus, Oy Laivateollisuus Ab, a defunct shipbuilding company * Late may refer to a person who is Dead See also * * * ''Lates'', a genus of fish in the lates perch family * Later (other) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endothiodon
''Endothiodon'' (/ɛndoʊθiːoʊdɔːn/ "inner tooth" from Greek endothi (ἔνδοθῐ), "within", and odon (ὀδών), "tooth", most likely named for the characteristic of the teeth being placed internally to the maxillaBoos A. S., Schultz C. L., Vega C. S., Aumond J. J. "On the presence of the Late Permian dicynodont ''Endothiodon'' in Brazil" Palaeontology 56:4, 837-848 (2013)) is an extinct genus of large dicynodont from the Late Permian. Like other dicynodonts, ''Endothiodon'' was an herbivore, but it lacked the two tusks that characterized most other dicynodonts. The anterior portion of the upper and lower jaw are curved upward, creating a distinct beak that is thought to have allowed them to be specialized grazers.Latimer E. M., Gow C. E., Rubidge B. S. "Dentition and feeding niche of ''Endothiodon'' (Synapsida;Anomodontia)" Palaeontologia Africana 32, 75-82 (1995) ''Endothiodon'' was widespread and is found across the southern region of what was then a single large co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diictodon
''Diictodon'' is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont. These mammal-like synapsids lived during the Late Permian period, approximately 255 million years ago. Fossils have been found in the ''Cistecephalus'' Assemblage Zone of the Madumabisa Mudstone of the Luangwa Basin in Zambia and the ''Tropidostoma'' Assemblage Zone of the Teekloof Formation, ''Tapinocephalus'' Assemblage Zone of the Abrahamskraal Formation, ''Dicynodon'' Assemblage Zone of the Balfour Formation, ''Cistecephalus'' Assemblage Zone of the Middleton or Balfour Formation of South Africa and the Guodikeng Formation of China. Roughly half of all Permian vertebrate specimens found in South Africa are those of ''Diictodon''. This small herbivorous animal was one of the most successful synapsids in the Permian period. Characteristics Appearance ''Diictodon'' had disproportionally large heads that ended in a horny beak. Both males and females had a pair of tusks sticking out from the upper jaw, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prosictodon
''Prosictodon'' is an extinct genus of pylaecephalid dicynodont from Middle Permian of South Africa. It was first named by Kenneth D. Angielczyk and Bruce S. Rubidge in 2010 File:2010 Events Collage New.png, From top left, clockwise: The 2010 Chile earthquake was one of the strongest recorded in history; The Eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland disrupts air travel in Europe; A scene from the opening ceremony of ... and the type species is ''Prosictodon dubei''. References Dicynodonts Guadalupian synapsids Fossil taxa described in 2010 Prehistoric animals of Africa Guadalupian genus first appearances Guadalupian genus extinctions Anomodont genera {{anomodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chelydontops
''Brachyprosopus'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the middle Permian Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone in the Abrahamskraal Formation belonging to the Beaufort Group of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. ''Chelydontops'' Cluver, 1975, based on a skull from the Karoo Basin of South Africa, is a junior synonym. Description ''Brachyprosopus'' is similar to ''Endothiodon'', '' Niassodon'', and '' Pristerodon'' in having absence of anterior median palatal ridges; maxillary tooth rows bounded laterally by a shelf; unfused vomers; raised margins of the interpterygoid vacuity; broad intertemporal region; pineal boss; dentary tables; and a long, wide posterior dentary sulcus that extends posterior to the dentary teeth. However, it can be distinguished by the autapomorphy of a curled lateral edge of the squamosal that forms a lateral wall of the external adductor fossa. See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emydopoidea
Emydopoidea is a group of Late Permian dicynodont therapsids. It includes the small-bodied ''Emydops'', ''Myosaurus'', and kingoriids, and the burrowing cistecephalids. Below is a cladogram from Kammerer ''et al.'' (2011) showing the phylogenetic In biology, phylogenetics (; from Greek φυλή/ φῦλον [] "tribe, clan, race", and wikt:γενετικός, γενετικός [] "origin, source, birth") is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups o ... relationships of emydopoids: References Dicynodonts Lopingian first appearances Middle Triassic extinctions {{anomodont-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pristerodon
''Pristerodon'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Late Permian of South Africa, Zambia and India. Paleobiology Brain and senses ''Pristerodon'' were among the earliest land animals able to hear airborne sound as opposed to hearing via ground vibrations. A South African specimen studied with neutron tomography has shown evidence of an eardrum on its lower jaw with the implication that it was hearing impaired during the act of chewing. The specimen had a 3mm cavity for cochlea which transformed sound frequency ranges into nerve impulses sent on to the brain. Ecology ''Pristerodon'' has been found in the Kundaram Formation of India, the Madumabisa Mudstone Formation of Zambia, and the Teekloof Formation of South Africa. Gallery File:Dicynodon trigoniceps 1 DB.jpg, Restoration of ''Pristerodon mackayi'' Image:Pristerodon mackayi scale.svg, Size of ''Pristerodon mackayi'' relative to a human See also * List of therapsids This list of therapsids is an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pylaecephalidae
Pylaecephalidae is a family of dicynodont therapsids that includes ''Diictodon'', ''Robertia'', and ''Prosictodon'' from the Permian of South Africa. Pylaecephalids were small burrowing dicynodonts with long tusks. The family was first named in 1934 and was redefined in 2009. Diictodontidae and Robertiidae are considered junior synonym The Botanical and Zoological Codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. * In botanical nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linna ...s of Pylaecephalidae; although ''Pylaecephalus'' itself is considered a junior synonym of ''Diictodon'',Sullivan, C., & Reisz, R. R. (2005)CRANIAL ANATOMY AND TAXONOMY OF THE LATE PERMIAN DICYNODONT DIICTODON.Annals of Carnegie Museum, 74(1), 45–75. the name Pylaecephalidae predates these names and therefore takes priority. References Prehistoric synapsids of Africa Dicynodonts Permian syna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emydops
''Emydops'' is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsid from the Permian of South Africa. ''Emydops'' was first named by South African paleontologist Robert Broom in 1912 when he described ''Emydops minor''. In the following years, the genus grew to include thirteen species. Many of these species were erected on the basis of differences in the teeth and the positioning of the frontal and parietal bones. A 2008 study narrowed ''Emydops'' down to two species, ''E. arctatus'' (first described by English paleontologist Richard Owen as ''Kistecephalus arctatus'' in 1876) and the newly described ''E. oweni''. Both species of ''Emydops'' are small. The skull of ''Emydops'' was 5 cm (2 in) long. Tusks are present in most skulls, but some lack them. The eye sockets are positioned far forward in the skull and face somewhat forward and upward. A wide area on the lower jaw called the lateral dentary shelf is another distinguishing feature of the genus. The temporal regions behind ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
