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Parliament Of Russia
The Federal Assembly ( rus, Федера́льное Собра́ние, r=Federalnoye Sobraniye, p=fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə sɐˈbranʲɪjə) is the national legislature of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation (1993). It was preceded by the Supreme Soviet of Russia. It consists of the State Duma, which is the lower house, and the Federation Council, which is the upper house. Both houses are located in Moscow. The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third most important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case that both the President and the Prime Minister are incapacitated, the Chairman of the upper house of the Russian parliament becomes Acting President of Russia. The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes: consent to the appointment of the Chairman of the Government, deciding the issue of confidence in the Government, appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank, appointment and d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supreme Soviet Of Russia
The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (russian: Верховный Совет РСФСР, ''Verkhovny Sovet RSFSR''), later Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (russian: Верховный Совет Российской Федерации, ''Verkhovny'' ''Sovet Rossiyskoy Federatsii'') was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990; in 1990–1993 it was a permanent legislature (parliament), elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation. The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR was established to be similar in structure to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1938, instead of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets as the highest organ of power of Russia. In the 1940s, the Supreme Soviet Presidium and the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR were located in the former mansion of counts Osterman (str Delegatskaya, 3), which was later in 1991 given to a museum. The sessions were held in Grand Kremlin Palace. In 1981 the Supre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civic Platform (Russia)
Civic Platform ( rus, Гражда́нская Платфо́рма, Grazhdanskaya Platforma, ɡrɐʐˈdanskəjə plɐtˈformə) is a conservative political party in Russia. The party was formed on 4 June 2012 by businessman and 2012 presidential candidate Mikhail Prokhorov. The party was formed with 500 members, the minimum number required by law for a party to be registered in Russia, with the party originally being founded as a rudimentary mechanism through which independent candidates could stand in elections. Prokhorov announced his decision to leave the party in 2015 and was subsequently replaced by Rifat Shaykhutdinov as party leader. Since then, the party has supported President Vladimir Putin. Following the 2016 elections, the party currently has one representative in the State Duma, the lower house of the Russian parliament. Purpose According to founder Mikhail Prokhorov, the Civic Platform was founded primarily in order to "participate in municipal elections in c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chairman Of The Federation Council
The Chairman of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (russian: Председатель Совета Федерации Федерального собрания Российской Федерации), also called ''Speaker'' (), is the presiding officer of the Upper house of the Russian parliament. It is the third highest position, after the President and the Prime Minister, in the government of Russia The Government of Russia exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russ .... In the case of incapacity of the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the Federation Council becomes Acting President of Russia. Procedure for election The Chairman is elected from among the senators. That is the position held by one of the members of the Federation Council. The el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Upper House
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.''Bicameralism'' (1997) by George Tsebelis The house formally designated as the upper house is usually smaller and often has more restricted power than the lower house. A legislature composed of only one house (and which therefore has neither an upper house nor a lower house) is described as unicameral. Definite specific characteristics An upper house is usually different from the lower house in at least one of the following respects (though they vary among jurisdictions): Powers: *In a parliamentary system, it often has much less power than the lower house. Therefore, in certain countries the upper house **votes on only limited legislative matters, such as constitutional amendments, **cannot initiate most kinds of legislation, especially those pertaining to supply/money, fiscal policy **cannot vote a motion of no confidence against the government (or such an act is much l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lower House
A lower house is one of two Debate chamber, chambers of a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house. Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence. The lower house, typically, is the larger of the two chambers, meaning its members are more numerous. Common attributes In comparison with the upper house, lower houses frequently display certain characteristics (though they vary per jurisdiction). ;Powers: * In a parliamentary system, the lower house: **In the modern era, has much more power, usually based on restrictions against the upper house. **Is able to override the upper house in some ways. **Can vote a motion of no confidence against the government, as well as vote for or against any proposed candidate for head of government at the beginning of the parliamentary term. **Exceptions are Australia, where ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitution Of The Russian Federation
The Constitution of the Russian Federation () was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993. Russia's constitution came into force on 25 December 1993, at the moment of its official publication, and abolished the Soviet system of government. The current Constitution is the second most long-lived in the history of Russia, behind the Constitution of 1936. The text was drafted by the 1993 Constitutional Conference, which was attended by over 800 participants. Sergei Alexeyev, Sergey Shakhray, and sometimes Anatoly Sobchak are considered as the primary co-authors of the constitution. The text was inspired by Mikhail Speransky's constitutional project and the current French constitution. The USAID-funded lawyers also contributed to the development of the draft. It replaced the previous Soviet-era Constitution of 12 April 1978, of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (which had already been amended in April 1992 to reflect the dissolution of the Soviet Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Federation
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eighth of Earth's inhabitable landmass. Russia extends across eleven time zones and shares land boundaries with fourteen countries, more than any other country but China. It is the world's ninth-most populous country and Europe's most populous country, with a population of 146 million people. The country's capital and largest city is Moscow, the largest city entirely within Europe. Saint Petersburg is Russia's cultural centre and second-largest city. Other major urban areas include Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. Kievan Rus' arose as a state in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2026 Russian Legislative Election
The 2026 Russian legislative election will be held in Russia no later then 20 September 2026. At stake are 450 seats in the State Duma of the 9th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Going into the election, United Russia is the ruling party after winning the 2021 election with 49.8% of the vote, taking 324 seats. Electoral system Under current Russian election laws. the State Duma service term is limited to five years and each seat is allotted through a parallel voting. Half of the seats (225) are elected by party-list proportional representation with a 5% electoral threshold in number of votes. The other half elected in 225 single-member constituencies (circuits) by first-past-the-post voting (plurality voting). In the proportional part, candidates can be nominated only by political parties, and the lists of parties must include at least 200 and no more than 400 candidates; the list may also include candidates who are not members of the party, but their number ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2021 Russian Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Russia from 17 to 19 September 2021. At stake were 450 seats in the 8th convocation of the State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Going into the elections, United Russia was the ruling party after winning the 2016 elections with 343 of the 450 seats, and retaining a supermajority. In March 2020, it was proposed to hold a snap election in September 2020 due to proposed constitutional reforms, but this idea was abandoned. On 18 June 2021 Vladimir Putin signed a decree calling the election for 19 September the same year. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, voting in the election lasted for three days, from 17 to 19 September. Final turnout was reported to be 51.72%. Fifteen political parties applied for participation, 14 of which were guaranteed automatic access to the ballots, and one unsuccessfully attempted to be included in the ballot by collecting voters' signatures. Half, or 225 seats, of the State Duma were elected th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1993 Russian Legislative Election
Parliamentary elections were held in Russia on 12 December 1993.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1642 They were the first parliamentary elections in post-Soviet Russia and the only time to the Federation Council,Nohlen & Stöver, p1656 with future members appointed by provincial legislatures and governors. Background The 1993 general election was taking place in the aftermath of the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, a violent confrontation on the streets of Moscow which resulted in the dissolution of the previous Russian parliament by military force. Boris Yeltsin hoped to resolve the political turmoil by decreeing for the election to the new Russian parliament and the constitutional referendum to take place on 12 December 1993. Electoral system The new election law adopted for the 1993 Duma election stipulated half the 450 Duma members were elected by a party-list system of proportional representation, and half were elected as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parallel Voting
Parallel voting is a type of mixed electoral system in which representatives are voted into a single chamber using two or more different systems, most often first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) with party-list proportional representation (PR). It is the most common form of mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM), which is why these terms are often used synonymously with each other. In some countries, parallel voting is known as the supplementary member (SM) system, while in academic literature it is sometimes called the superposition method within mixed systems. Parallel voting, as a form of mixed member majoritarian ( semi-proportional) representation is used in the election of national parliaments as well as local governments in various places such as Italy, Japan, Taiwan, Lithuania, Russia, and Argentina. It is distinct from the mixed election system known as mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) or the additional member system (AMS). Under MMP/AMS, dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oksana Dmitriyeva
Oksana Genrikhovna Dmitriyeva ( rus, Оксана Генриховна Дмитриева; born 3 April 1958) is a Russian politician and economist, who currently serves as a deputy of the State Duma since 2021, having previously served in the position from 1993 to 2016. A former government minister in the administration of Boris Yeltsin, she is the most senior member of the Party of Growth in the national legislature and was so in her local legislature. During her successful 2021 campaign, she was supported by Alexei Navalny's Smart Voting system. In the previous election in 2016, she had lost her seat in a highly controversial election, the results of which she did not recognise. Dmitriyeva has considered running for president several times. Biography Oksana Dmitriyeva (sometimes spelled ''Dmitrieva'') was born on April 3, 1958 in Leningrad. Her father Genrikh Rosenberg (1925-2007) was a scientist (field: ship mechanics), graduated from the Makarov School, the creator of So ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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