Associated articlesFrontier Wire Devil's gardens Fort Capuzzo Maletti Group Camouflage Babini Group Combeforce 3rd Indian Motor Brigade Baggush Box Operation Brevity
Operation Brevity was a limited offensive conducted in mid-May 1941, during the Western Desert Campaign
Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. Conceived by the commander-in-chief of the British Middle East Command, General Archibald Wavell, Brevity was intended to be a rapid blow against weak Axis front-line forces in the Sollum–Capuzzo– Bardia
Bardia area of the border between Egypt and Libya
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols.[n 1] The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position, and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position
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The United Kingdom
United Kingdom of Great Britain
Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom
United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe
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Coordinates: 25°S 133°E / 25°S 133°E / -25; 133Commonwealth of AustraliaFlagCoat of armsAnthem: "Advance Australia
Australia Fair"[N 1]Capital Canberra 35°18′29″S 149°07′28″E / 35.30806°S 149.12444°E / -35.30806; 149.12444Largest city SydneyNational language English[N 2]DemonymAustralian Aussie (colloquial)[3][4]Gover
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.jpg/440px-Westfaelischer_Friede_in_Muenster_(Gerard_Terborch_1648).jpg "Go To List2 -> Nazi Germany")
Coordinates: 52°31′N 13°24′E / 52.517°N 13.400°E / 52.517; 13.400 "Drittes Reich" redirects here
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.svg/250px-Flag_of_Italy_(1861-1946).svg.png "Go To List2 -> Kingdom Of Italy")
The Kingdom of Italy
Italy (Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state which existed from 1861—when King Victor Emmanuel II
King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy—until 1946—when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic. The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy
Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered its legal predecessor state. Italy
Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto
Veneto following their victory. Italian troops entered Rome
Rome in 1870, ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power
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Second Boer War First World WarSecond Battle of Ypres Sinai and Palestine CampaignArab revolt in Palestine Second World WarNorth African Campaign Pacific WarAwards Knight Grand Cross
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Military Cross Knight of Justice of the Order of St. John Order of St Stanislaus, 3rd class with Swords (Russia) Order of St. Vladimir
Order of St
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The Devil's gardens
Devil's gardens was the name given by Erwin Rommel,[1] commander of the German Afrika Korps
Afrika Korps during World War II, to the defensive entanglements of land mines and barbed wire protecting Axis defensive positions during the Second Battle of El Alamein
Second Battle of El Alamein in late 1942. The defences stretch from the Mediterranean coast to the Qattara Depression.A Matilda scorpion tank equipped for mine clearing.During the 'break-in' phase of the British attack, the commander of the Eighth Army, Lieutenant General Bernard Montgomery planned for engineers supporting the infantry brigades of 2nd New Zealand Division to clear lanes through the minefields, along which attacking formations would pass into the Axis positions. Engineers using hand tools were supplemented by Scorpion tanks equipped with rotating flails to explode anti-vehicle mines
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Maximilian von Herff (17 April 1893 – 6 September 1945) was a high-ranking commander in the SS of Nazi Germany during World War II.Contents1 World War II 2 Capture and death 3 Awards 4 References4.1 Citations 4.2 BibliographyWorld War II[edit] During World War II, Herff served with the Deutsches Afrika Korps in North Africa. He was promoted to Oberst (colonel) and commanded "Kampfgruppe von Herff". For his service in North Africa he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross in June 1941. At the suggestion of Heinrich Himmler he transferred to the Waffen-SS. On 1 April 1942 Herff joined the Nazi Party (member no. 8 858 661) and the SS (member no. 405 894). From 1 October 1942 to 8 May 1945, he was chief of the Persönlicher Stab Reichsführer-SS (Himmler's personal staff)
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Tobruk
Tobruk or Tubruq (Ancient Greek: Αντίπυργος) (/təˈbrʊk, toʊ-/;[3] Arabic: طبرق Ṭubruq; also transliterated as Tóbruch, Tobruch, Tobruck and Tubruk) is a port city on Libya's eastern Mediterranean coast, near the border of Egypt. It is the capital of the Butnan District
Butnan District (formerly Tobruk
Tobruk District) and has a population of 120,000 (2011 est.).[4] Tobruk
Tobruk was the site of an ancient Greek colony and, later, of a Roman fortress guarding the frontier of Cyrenaica.[4] Over the centuries, Tobruk
Tobruk also served as a waystation along the coastal caravan route.[4] By 1911, Tobruk
Tobruk had become an Italian military post, but during World War II, Allied forces, mainly the Australian 6th Division, took Tobruk on 22 January 1941
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Associated articlesFrontier Wire Devil's gardens Fort Capuzzo Maletti Group Camouflage Babini Group Combeforce 3rd Indian Motor Brigade Baggush Box Combeforce
Combeforce or Combe Force
Combe Force (Lieutenant-Colonel J. F. B. Combe), was an ad hoc flying column formed from parts of the 7th Armoured Division (Major-General Sir Michael O'Moore Creagh) of the Western Desert Force. The rapid British advance during Operation Compass
Operation Compass (9 December 1940 – 9 February 1941) forced the Italian 10th Army to evacuate Cyrenaica, the eastern province of Libya. In late January, the British learned that the Italians were retreating along the Litoranea Balbo (Via Balbia) from Benghazi
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Associated articlesFrontier Wire Devil's gardens Fort Capuzzo Maletti Group Camouflage Babini Group Combeforce 3rd Indian Motor Brigade Baggush BoxThe Raid on Sidi Haneish Airfield
Sidi Haneish Airfield was a military operation carried out on the night of 26 July 1942 by the British Special
Special Air Service against a German airfield in Egypt
Egypt during the Western Desert Campaign of Second World War. Allied commandos in jeeps under the command of Major David Stirling
_in_North_Africa_during_the_Second_World_War_E21340.jpg/440px-The_Special_Air_Service_(sas)_in_North_Africa_during_the_Second_World_War_E21340.jpg)
David Stirling raided an Axis landing strip and destroyed or damaged numerous Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe aircraft with machine-gun fire and explosives
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XXX British Corps - 11th Indian Brigade around 3,000 men[1] - 7th Armoured Division
7th Armoured Division 14,964 men[2] 22nd Guards Brigade
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United Kingdom British India South Africa Free FrenchCommanders and leaders Ettore Bastico Erwin Rommel Claude Auchinleck Neil RitchieStrength90,000 men (50,000 German, 40,000 Italian) 560 tanks (228 Italian) 542 aircraft 110,000 men 843 tanks 604 aircraftCasualties and lossesGerman: 3,360 killed, wounded or captured Italian: fewer than the Germans ~400 tanks damaged or destroyed 50,000 killed, wounded or captured, incl
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Associated articlesFrontier Wire Devil's gardens Fort Capuzzo Maletti Group Camouflage Babini Group Combeforce 3rd Indian Motor Brigade Baggush BoxThe Battle of Bir Hakeim
Bir Hakeim (Arabic pronunciation: [biʔr ħaˈkiːm]) took place at Bir Hakeim, an oasis in the Libyan desert south and west of Tobruk, during the Battle of Gazala
Battle of Gazala (26 May – 21 June 1942). The 1st Free French Brigade
Brigade (Général de brigade Marie Pierre Kœnig) defended the position from 26 May – 11 June against much larger Axis forces of Panzerarmee Afrika (Generaloberst Erwin Rommel). The Panzerarmee captured Tobruk
Tobruk ten days later but the delay imposed on the Axis offensive by the defence of the fortress influenced the cancellation of Operation Herkules, the plan for an Axis invasion of Malta
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United Kingdom British India New Zealand Italy GermanyCommanders and leaders Claude Auchinleck William Gott William Holmes Ettore Bastico Erwin Rommel Walter NehringStrength200 tanks German: 60 tanks,[1] Italian: 40 tanksCasualties and losses8,000 killed, wounded or captured[Note A] 40 tanks unknownMersa MatruhMersa Matruh, Egyptv t eWestern Desert CampaignInvasion of Egypt CompassNibeiwa Sidi Barrani Bardia MechiliBeda FommKufra GiarabubSonnenblume TobrukBardia raid Twin PimplesBrevity Skorpion Battleaxe CrusaderFlipper 1st Bir el Gubi Point 175 2nd Bir el GubiGazalaBir HakeimMersa Matruh 1st Alamein Sidi Haneish Alam Halfa AgreementCaravan Bertram Braganza2nd AlameinOutpost SnipeEl AgheilaAssociated articlesFrontier Wire Devil's gardens Fort Capuzzo Ma
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