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Old Swiss Confederacy
The Old Swiss Confederacy or Swiss Confederacy ( Modern German: ; historically , after the Reformation also , "Confederation of the Swiss") was a loose confederation of independent small states (, German or In the charters of the 14th century described as "communities" (, ), the German term ''Orte'' becomes common in the early 15th century, used alongside "estate" after the Reformation. The French term is used in Fribourg in 1475, and after 1490 is increasingly used in French and Italian documents. It only enters occasional German usage after 1648, and only gains official status as synonym of with the Act of Mediation of 1803. ), initially within the Holy Roman Empire. It is the precursor of the modern state of Switzerland. It formed during the 14th century, from a nucleus in what is now Central Switzerland, expanding to include the cities of Zürich and Bern by the middle of the century. This formed a rare union of rural and urban communes, all of which enjoyed imper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Dictionary Of Switzerland
The ''Historical Dictionary of Switzerland'' is an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland that aims to take into account the results of modern historical research in a manner accessible to a broader audience. The encyclopedia is published by a foundation under the patronage of the Swiss Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences (SAGW/ASSH) and the Swiss Historical Society (SGG-SHH) and is financed by national research grants. Besides a staff of 35 at the central offices, the contributors include 100 academic advisors, 2500 historians and 100 translators. Print edition The encyclopedia is published simultaneously in three of Switzerland's national languages: German (''Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz'', HLS, in red), French French (french: français(e), link=no) may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France, and its various dialects and accents ** French people, a nation and ethnic group identified with Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Of Westphalia
The Peace of Westphalia (german: Westfälischer Friede, ) is the collective name for two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. They ended the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire, closing a calamitous period of European history that killed approximately eight million people. Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the kingdoms of France and Sweden, and their respective allies among the princes of the Holy Roman Empire participated in these treaties.Clodfelter, Micheal (2017). ''Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015.'' McFarland. p. 40. . The negotiation process was lengthy and complex. Talks took place in two cities, because each side wanted to meet on territory under its own control. A total of 109 delegations arrived to represent the belligerent states, but not all delegations were present at the same time. Two treaties were sign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valais Thaler
The Valais ''thaler'' was a coin equivalent to the French silver écu issued by the Swiss canton of Valais until 1798. It contained 26.67 g fine silver and was valued at 4 livres. The currency of Valais was the livre (later franc or frank), divided into 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer. The ''laubthaler'' or ''écu'' was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic in 1798. In the late 18th century, bullion Bullion is non-ferrous metal that has been refined to a high standard of elemental purity. The term is ordinarily applied to bulk metal used in the production of coins and especially to precious metals such as gold and silver. It comes fro ... coins were issued in denominations of 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 creuzer, with the 2 and 4 creuzer denominated as and 1 batz. Silver 20 creuzer were also issued References * External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1798 disestablishments {{Money-unit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solothurn Thaler
The Solothurn Thaler was a coin equivalent to the French silver écu issued by the Swiss canton of Solothurn until 1798. It contained 26.67 g fine silver and was valued at 4 livres. The currency of Solothurn was the livre (later franc or frank), divided into 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer. The écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Solothurn frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Solothurn between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 4 ''Kreuzer'' or 10 ''Rappen''. It was worth th the French silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silver. History The Fran ...en. Coins In the late 18th century, billon coins were issued in denominations of 1 Vierer, 1, 2 and 4 Kreuzer, together with silver 10 and 20 Kreuzer, 10 and 20 Batzen, and gold , , 1 and 2 ''Duplone''. References * External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1798 disestablishments Canton of Solothurn {{Mone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Schwyz Gulden
The Gulden was the currency of the Swiss canton of Schwyz until 1798. It was subdivided into 40 ''Schilling'', each of 3 ''Rappen'' or 6 ''Angster''. Coins were also issued denominated in ''Groschen''. The French silver écu was equivalent to 2 Gulden. The French écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Schwyz frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Schwyz between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 10 ''Rappen'' (also spelled ''Rapen'') or 20 ''Angster''. It was worth th the French silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silve ...en. Coins In the late 18th century, copper coins were issued for 1 Angster and 1 Rappen, together with billon 1 Rappen and 1 Groschen. Silver coins were issued in denominations of 5 and 10 Schilling, and 1 Gulden. References * External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1798 disestablishments {{Money-unit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neuchâtel Gulden
The gulden a currency denomination of Neuchâtel equal to 21 ''batz'' until 1850. Neuchâtel's basic currency unit was the livre (later franc), divided into 10 batz or 40 kreuzer. The French silver écu was worth 42 batz or 2 gulden. It was replaced by the Swiss franc The Swiss franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein. It is also legal tender in the Italian exclave of Campione d'Italia which is surrounded by Swiss territory. The Swiss National Bank (SNB) issues banknotes and the .... Coins In the late 18th century, billon and 1 creuzer and and 1 batz were issued, together with silver , , and 1 gulden. The and gulden were denominated as 28 and 56 creuzer, whilst the and 1 gulden were denominated as and 21 batz. After 1799, only the billon coins were issued, with the last coins struck in 1818. References * External links Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1850 disestablishments Canton of Neuchâtel {{Money ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luzern Gulden
The gulden was the currency of the Swiss canton of Luzern until 1798. It was subdivided into 40 ''schilling'', each of 3 ''rappen'' or 6 ''angster''. Coins were also issued denominated in ''kreuzer'' and ''batzen''. The French silver ''écu'' was equivalent to 3 ''gulden''. The French écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Luzern frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Luzern between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 10 ''Rappen'' or 20 ''Angster''. It was worth th the French silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silver. The Frank was the c ...en. Coins In the late 18th century, copper coins were issued for 1 angster and 1 rappen, together with billon 1 schilling, and 1 batzen. Silver coins were issued in denominations of 5 and 10 schilling, 20 and 40 kreuzer, and 20 and 40 batzen. References * {{Money-unit-stub Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1798 disestablishme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Genevoise
The genevoise was the short-lived currency of Geneva between 1794 and 1795. It was subdivided into 10 ''decimes'' (singular: ''decimi''). The genevoise replaced and was replaced by the thaler A thaler (; also taler, from german: Taler) is one of the large silver coins minted in the states and territories of the Holy Roman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy during the Early Modern period. A ''thaler'' size silver coin has a diameter o .... Coins In 1794, silver coins were issued in denominations of ½ and 1 decimal and 1 genevoise. References * Modern obsolete currencies Currencies of Switzerland 1794 establishments in the Republic of Genoa 1795 disestablishments {{Switzerland-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geneva Thaler
The Geneva thaler was a coin equivalent to the French silver ''écu'', containing 26.67 g fine silver and valued at 12 ''florins'', which was issued by Geneva until 1798 (except briefly between 1794 and 1795) and between 1813 and 1839. History The currencies used in Geneva were the ''florin, petite monnaie'' (each of 12 ''sols'' or 144 ''deniers, petite monnaie'') and the ''livre courant'' worth 3 florins (each of 20 ''sols'' or 240 ''deniers, courant'')."p xxvii. ecu francais de 6 livres = 12 florins 7 sous. Geneva accounts in livres, sous & deniers currency; or in florins, sous & deniers petty money. https://books.google.fr/books?id=MV0OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PR27#v=onepage&q&f=false The florin & livre were the currencies of the Republic of Geneva except in 1794-95, when the ''genevoise'' was used, and in 1798-1813, when Geneva was annexed by France and the French franc was used. The florin & livre were replaced in 1839 by the Geneva franc, and after 1848 by the Swiss franc The Swiss fra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fribourg Gulden
The Fribourg ''Gulden'' was a currency denomination worth 14 ''Batzen'' of the Swiss canton of Fribourg until 1798. Fribourg's basic currency unit was the livre (later franc or frank), divided into 10 ''batzen'' or 40 ''kreuzer''. The French silver écu was equivalent to 4 francs or 40 batzen. The écu was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Fribourg frank. It was subdivided into 14 ''Batzen'', each of 4 ''Kreuzer'' or 16 ''Denier''. It was replaced by the Frank of the Helvetian Republic in 1798. This was, in turn, replaced by the Fribourg Frank The Frank was the currency of the Swiss canton of Fribourg between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''Batzen'', each of 4 ''Kreuzer'' or 10 ''Rappen''. It was worth th the French silver ''écu'' or 6.67 g fine silver. History The Frank .... Coins In the late 18th century, copper 1 Denier coins were issued, together with billon ''Vierer'' (2 Denier), 1 Kreuzer and Batzen, and silver ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berne Thaler
The ''Berne Thaler'' was a coin equivalent to the French silver ''écu'' (German: ''laubthaler'') issued by the Swiss canton of Bern. It contained 26.67 g fine silver and was valued at 4 livres. The currency of Bern was the ''livre'' (later, franc or frank), divided into 10 batzen or 40 kreuzer. The ''laubthaler'' or ''écu'' was also equivalent to 4 franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Berne franken and 4 Vaud franc The franc was the currency of the Swiss canton of Vaud between 1798 and 1850. It was subdivided into 10 ''batz'', each of 10 ''rappes''. The usual price unit was the Batz. It was worth th the French silver écu or 6.67 g fine silver. History The ...s. Coins In the late 18th century, billon coins were issued in denominations of and 1 Kreuzer, and 1 Batzen, together with silver 10 and 20 Kreuzer, , and 1 Thaler, and gold , 1 and 2 '' Duplone''. The Kreuzer coins were inscribed as 1 ''Vierer''. Additionally, French ''écus'' were counterstamp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basel Thaler
The ''Basel Thaler'' was a currency denomination worth 3 ''livres'' or 30 ''batzen'' used by the Swiss Canton of Basel until 1798. It was used by both the Canton and the Bishopric of Basel. Basel's basic currency unit was the ''livre'' (later ''franc'' or ''frank''), divided into 10 ''batzen'' or 40 ''kreuzer''. It was worth th the French silver écu or 6.67 g fine silver. The French ''écu'' was also equivalent to 4 Franken of the Helvetic Republic, and afterwards to 4 Basel franken. Coins The first Thaler were issued between 1542 and 1552 by the city of Basel, together with Thaler between 1542 and 1548. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the canton issued , , 1 and 2 Thaler coins, with Thaler only struck between 1764 and 1766. In the late 18th century, the canton issued billon coins for , 1 and 3 Batzen, silver pieces of , , and 1 Thaler, and gold '' Duplone'' and 1 and 2 ''Gulden''. The ''Bistum'' (Bishopric In church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
