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Obergefell V. Hodges
''Obergefell v. Hodges'', ( ), is a landmark LGBT rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. The 5–4 ruling requires all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and the Insular Areas to perform and recognize the marriages of same-sex couples on the same terms and conditions as the marriages of opposite-sex couples, with all the accompanying rights and responsibilities. Prior to ''Obergefell'', same-sex marriage had already been established by statute, court ruling, or voter initiative in thirty-six states, the District of Columbia, and Guam. Between January 2012 and February 2014, plaintiffs in Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee filed federal district court cases that culminated in ''Obergefell v. Hodges''. After all district courts ruled for the plaintiffs, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jim Obergefell
Jim Obergefell ( ; born 1966"Jim Obergefell." In ''Contemporary Authors Online''. Detroit, MI: Gale, 2017. ''Gale In Context: Biography'' (accessed September 11, 2019). https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1000322825/BIC?u=athe67392&sid=BIC&xid=72c64b3b.) is an American civil rights activist who was the lead plaintiff in the 2015 U.S. Supreme Court case '' Obergefell v. Hodges'', which legalized same-sex marriage throughout the United States. Obergefell had sued the state of Ohio in 2013, due to that state's lack of legal recognition of Obergefell's marriage to his husband, John Arthur. Obergefell was the Democratic nominee for the 89th legislative district of the Ohio House of Representatives in the 2022 elections. Early life Obergefell graduated from Sandusky High School in 1984 and went on to attend the University of Cincinnati, where he earned a degree in secondary education and German."Jim Obergefell." In ''Gale Biography Online Collection''. Detroit, MI: Gale, 2015. ''Gale In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marry
Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognized union between people called spouses. It establishes rights and obligations between them, as well as between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. It is considered a cultural universal, but the definition of marriage varies between cultures and religions, and over time. Typically, it is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually sexual, are acknowledged or sanctioned. In some cultures, marriage is recommended or considered to be compulsory before pursuing any sexual activity. A marriage ceremony is called a wedding. Individuals may marry for several reasons, including legal, social, libidinal, emotional, financial, spiritual, and religious purposes. Whom they marry may be influenced by gender, socially determined rules of incest, prescriptive marriage rules, parental choice, and individual desire. In some areas of the world, arranged mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage By Circuit Court
Prior to the landmark ruling '' United States v. Windsor'', the constitutionality of banning same-sex marriage was upheld by the Eighth Circuit in '' Citizens for Equal Protection v. Bruning''. After the ''Windsor'' ruling, many same-sex marriage bans were struck down by lower courts. The Tenth, Fourth, Seventh, and Ninth circuits all ruled that same-sex marriage bans were unconstitutional. The cases that made it to these circuit courts originated in district courts, which for the most part, also struck down same-sex marriage bans. When a circuit court struck down a state's same-sex marriage ban, it did not directly or immediately strike down same-sex marriage bans in other states within the circuit court’s jurisdiction. However, it paved the way for same-sex marriage bans to be struck down in the entire circuit, due to the precedent it set for district courts within the circuit to follow. In some states, same-sex marriage was already legal before their federal circuit cour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage In The Tenth Circuit
On June 25, 2014, the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a ruling striking down Utah's same-sex marriage ban, setting a precedent in other states under the Tenth Circuit's jurisdiction. In addition, on July 18, 2014, the same panel of the Tenth Circuit invalidated Oklahoma's ban as well. Both Circuit Court rulings were stayed pending certiorari review from the Supreme Court of the United States. The Tenth Circuit consists of Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming. New Mexico is the only state in the circuit where same-sex marriage was legal prior to the decisions. Utah is the only state in the circuit where same-sex marriage was temporarily legal after its ban was struck down. A ruling requiring the state of Utah to recognize same-sex marriages performed within the state was temporarily stayed and was originally set to expire on July 21, 2014, at 8:00 a.m. The Supreme Court of the United States extended the stay on July 18, 2014. A federal judge struck ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage In The Ninth Circuit
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, a federal court of the United States, struck down same-sex marriage bans in California, Idaho, and Nevada. Same-sex marriage bans were also struck down by district courts in Alaska, Arizona, and Oregon. The Ninth Circuit consists of Alaska, Arizona, California, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, the Northern Mariana Islands, Oregon and Washington. Same-sex marriage is currently legal in every state and territory within the circuit. Hollingsworth v. Perry is the only case regarding the constitutionality of same-sex marriage bans to make its way to the Supreme Court from the Ninth Circuit. However, the Ninth Circuit's ruling in that case was vacated by the decision of the Supreme Court. See also * Jackson v. Abercrombie * Sevcik v. Sandoval * Latta v. Otter *Same-sex marriage *Same-sex marriage in the United States * Same-sex marriage in the Fourth Circuit * Same-sex marriage in the Seventh Circuit *Same-sex marriage in the Sixth Circuit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage In The Seventh Circuit
On September 4, 2014 a three-judge panel of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals unanimously upheld district court rulings striking down same-sex marriage bans in Indiana, and Wisconsin, just nine days after the court heard oral arguments.http://pdfserver.amlaw.com/nlj/usca7_ssm_20140904.pdf The Seventh Circuit consists of Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin. Same-sex marriage was already legal in Illinois before the Circuit Court's decision. Same-sex marriages were performed in Indiana and Wisconsin after their bans were struck down by district courts and before those decisions were stayed. Recognition of out-of-state same-sex marriage was possibly de jure legal in Indiana until '' Baskin v. Bogan'' was stayed by the Seventh Circuit. On October 6, 2014, the Supreme Court of the United States denied cert, legalizing same-marriage in both Indiana and Wisconsin. As a result, same-sex marriage is legal in every state within the circuit. See also *Same-sex marriage *Same-sex marriage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage In The Fourth Circuit
On July 28, 2014 the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a ruling in ''Bostic v. Schaefer'' striking down Virginia's same-sex marriage ban which is a precedent for every state within the circuit. The ruling would have gone into effect on August 21, 2014 but the Supreme Court of the United States granted the stay request by the clerk of Prince William County. Attorneys for two same-sex couples had until August 18, 2014 to respond to the stay request. The Fourth Circuit consists of Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Maryland was the first state in the circuit to enact gay marriage by legislative act and confirmed by a voter referendum. That occurred prior to the Fourth Circuit Court ruling that was denied review at the Supreme Court, which led to same-sex marriage expansion to Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. North Carolina Attorney General Roy Cooper announced soon after the ruling that he would no longer defend NC's ban on same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage In The Sixth Circuit
On April 28, 2015, the Supreme Court of the United States heard oral arguments for '' Obergefell v. Hodges'' (Ohio), which was consolidated with three other same-sex marriage cases from the other states in the Sixth Circuit: '' Tanco v. Haslam'' (Tennessee), '' DeBoer v. Snyder'' (Michigan), '' Bourke v. Beshear'' (Kentucky). On June 26, 2015 the Supreme Court reversed the Sixth Circuit's decision, paving the way for same-sex marriage to become legal in those states, and setting a precedent for the entire nation. All four states complied with the ruling the same day it was issued before the mandate was actually issued. Every state in the circuit had a district court ruling against their states' ban, but they were eventually stayed pending appeal. The Sixth Circuit consists of Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee. On August 6, 2014, the Sixth Circuit heard oral arguments for same-sex marriage cases from each state within the circuit. On November 6, 2014, the Sixth Circuit in a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage In Guam
Same-sex marriage in Guam has been legal since June 9, 2015 in accordance with a ruling from the District Court of Guam on June 5 that the territory's prohibition of same-sex marriage was unconstitutional. Guam was the first overseas territory of the United States to recognize same-sex marriage. On August 27, 2015, the ''Guam Marriage Equality Act of 2015'' passed by the Guam Legislature came into effect, officially incorporating the federal court ruling into statutory law. Marriage statutes The '' Guam Organic Act of 1950'', an Act of the United States Congress, does not address the question of marriage. Since August 2015, Guam's marriage statutes have recognised the marriages of same-sex couples. Previously, a 1994 law specifying the responsibilities of the Guam Department of Public Health and Social Services defined marriage as the union of a man and a woman. That law, which contained a prohibition on marriage "between uncles and nieces or aunts and nephews", arguably showed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage In The District Of Columbia
In the District of Columbia, same-sex marriage has been legal since March 3, 2010. On December 18, 2009, Mayor Adrian Fenty signed a bill passed by the D.C. Council on December 15 legalizing same-sex marriage. Following the signing, the measure entered a mandatory congressional review of 30 work days. Marriage licenses became available on March 3, and marriages began on March 9, 2010. The District of Columbia became the first jurisdiction in the United States below the Mason–Dixon line to allow same-sex couples to marry. In addition to recognizing same-sex marriages, the District has also allowed residents to enter into registered domestic partnerships since 1992. Since the passage of the ''Domestic Partnership Judicial Determination of Parentage Act of 2009'', the District has recognized civil unions and domestic partnerships performed in other jurisdictions that have all the rights and responsibilities of marriage. The law gives the mayor discretion to recognize relationships ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insular Area
In the law of the United States, an insular area is a U.S.-associated jurisdiction that is not part of the 50 states or the District of Columbia. This includes fourteen U.S. territories administered under U.S. sovereignty, as well as three sovereign states each with a Compact of Free Association with the United States. The term also may be used to refer to the previous status of the Philippine Islands and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands when it existed. Three of the U.S. territories are in the Caribbean Sea, eleven are in the Pacific Ocean, and all three freely associated states are also in the Pacific. Two additional Caribbean territories are disputed and administered by Colombia. Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants to the United States Congress the responsibility of overseeing the territories. A series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions known as the Insular Cases created a distinction between "incorporated territories", where the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
District Of Columbia
) , image_skyline = , image_caption = Clockwise from top left: the Washington Monument and Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall, United States Capitol, Logan Circle, Jefferson Memorial, White House, Adams Morgan, National Cathedral , image_flag = Flag of the District of Columbia.svg , image_seal = Seal of the District of Columbia.svg , nickname = D.C., The District , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive map of Washington, D.C. , coordinates = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , established_title = Residence Act , established_date = 1790 , named_for = George Washington, Christopher Columbus , established_title1 = Organized , established_date1 = 1801 , established_title2 = Consolidated , established_date2 = 1871 , established_title3 = Home Rule Act ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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