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ORC6
Origin recognition complex subunit 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC6 (ORC6L) gene. Background The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunit protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. Function The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. It has been shown that this protein and ORC1 are loosely associated with the core complex consisting of ORC2, -3, -4 and -5. Gene silencing studies with small interfering RNA demonstrated that this protein plays an essential role in coordinating chromosome replication and segregation with cytokinesis. Interactions ORC6 has been shown to interact with MCM5, ORC2, Replication protein A1, ORC4, DBF4, ORC3, CDC45-related protein, MCM4 and Cell divis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Origin Recognition Complex
In molecular biology, origin recognition complex (ORC) is a multi-subunit DNA binding complex (6 subunits) that binds in all eukaryotes and archaea in an ATP-dependent manner to origins of replication. The subunits of this complex are encoded by the ORC1, ORC2, ORC3, ORC4, ORC5 and ORC6 genes. ORC is a central component for eukaryotic DNA replication, and remains bound to chromatin at replication origins throughout the cell cycle. ORC directs DNA replication throughout the genome and is required for its initiation. ORC and Noc3p bound at replication origins serve as the foundation for assembly of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC), which includes Cdc6, Tah11 (a.k.a. Cdt1), and the Mcm2-Mcm7 complex. Pre-RC assembly during G1 is required for replication licensing of chromosomes prior to DNA synthesis during S phase. Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of Orc2, Orc6, Cdc6, and MCM by the cyclin-dependent protein kinase Cdc28 regulates initiation of DNA replication, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MCM4
DNA replication licensing factor MCM4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM4'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. The hexameric protein complex formed by MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins. The MCM complex consisting of this protein and MCM2, 6 and 7 proteins possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme. The phosphorylation of this protein by CDC2 kinase reduces the DNA helicase activity and chromatin binding of the MCM complex. This gene is mapped to a region on the chromosome 8 head-to-head next to the PRKDC/DNA-PK, a DNA-activated protein kinase involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Alternatively spliced trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORC2
Origin recognition complex subunit 2 is a protein that is encoded by the ORC2 (ORC2L) gene in humans. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. This protein forms a core complex with ORC3, ORC4, and ORC5. It also interacts with CDC45L and MCM10, which are proteins known to be important for the initiation of DNA replication. This protein has been demonstrated to specifically associate with the origin of replication of Epstein-Barr virus in human cells, and is thought to be required for DNA replication from viral origin of replication. Interactions ORC2 has been shown to interact with: * CDC6, * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CDC45-related Protein
CDC45 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''CDC45L'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc45, an essential protein required to the initiation of DNA replication. Cdc45 is a member of the highly conserved multiprotein complex including Cdc6/Cdc18, the minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) and DNA polymerase, which is important for early steps of DNA replication in eukaryotes. This protein has been shown to interact with MCM7 and DNA polymerase alpha. Studies of the similar gene in Xenopus suggested that this protein plays a pivotal role in the loading of DNA polymerase alpha onto chromatin. Multiple polyadenlyation sites of this gene are reported. Interactions CDC45-related protein has been shown to interact with: * MCM3, * MCM6, * MCM7 DNA replication licensing factor MCM7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM7'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DBF4
Protein DBF4 homolog A is a protein that is encoded by the ''DBF4'' gene in humans. Interactions DBF4 has been shown to interact with: * Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase, * MCM3, * MCM7, * ORC2L, and * ORC6L Origin recognition complex subunit 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC6 (ORC6L) gene. Background The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunit protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA repli .... References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * Zinc finger proteins {{Protein-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Replication Protein A1
Replication protein A 70 kDa DNA-binding subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RPA1'' gene. Interactions Replication protein A1 has been shown to interact with: * BRCA2, * BLM, * MCM2, * MCM4, * MCM6, * MCM7, * MUTYH, * ORC2L, * ORC6L, * P53, * RPA2, * RPA3, * TIPIN, * TP53BP1, and * XPA. See also * Replication protein A * Replication protein A2 * Replication protein A3 Replication protein A 14 kDa subunit is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''RPA3'' gene. Interactions RPA3 has been shown to interact with replication protein A1 and replication protein A2. See also * Single-stranded binding protein ... * Single-stranded binding protein References Further reading * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * {{DNA replication ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
MCM5
DNA replication licensing factor MCM5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MCM5'' gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is structurally very similar to the CDC46 protein from S. cerevisiae, a protein involved in the initiation of DNA replication. The encoded protein is a member of the MCM family of chromatin-binding proteins and can interact with at least two other members of this family. The encoded protein is upregulated in the transition from the G0 to G1/S phase of the cell cycle and may actively participate in cell cycle regulation. See also * Mini Chromosome Maintenance Interactions MCM5 has been shown to interact with: * Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase, * MCM2, * MCM3, * MCM7, * ORC2L, * ORC6L, and * STAT1 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a transcription factor which in humans is encoded by the ''STAT1'' gene. It is a member of the STAT protein family. Function All STAT molecules are phosphory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORC4
Origin recognition complex subunit 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC4 (ORC4L) gene. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunit protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. It has been shown to form a core complex with ORC2L, -3L, and -5L. Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been reported. Interactions ORC4 has been shown to interact with: * MCM2, * MCM3, * MCM4, * MCM6, * ORC1, * ORC2, * ORC3, * ORC5 Origin recognition complex subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC5 (ORC5L) gene. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORC3
Origin recognition complex subunit 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC3 (ORC3L) gene. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the ORC complex. Studies of a similar gene in Drosophila suggested a possible role of this protein in neuronal proliferation and olfactory memory. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported for this gene. Interactions ORC3 has been shown to interact with: * MCM4, * MCM7, * ORC2, * ORC4, * ORC5, and * ORC6 Origin recognition complex subunit 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC6 (ORC6L) gene. Background T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ORC1
Origin recognition complex subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ORC1 gene. It is closely related to CDC6, and both are the same protein in archaea. Function The origin recognition complex (ORC) is a highly conserved six subunits protein complex essential for the initiation of the DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Studies in yeast demonstrated that ORC binds specifically to origins of replication and serves as a platform for the assembly of the pre-replication complex, which includes additional initiation factors such as Cdc6 and Mcm proteins. The protein encoded by this gene is the largest subunit of the origin recognition complex. While other ORC subunits are stable throughout the cell cycle, the levels of this protein vary during the cell cycle, which has been shown to be controlled by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis after initiation of DNA replication. This protein is found to be selectively phosphorylated during mitosis. It is also reported to inter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mini Chromosome Maintenance
The minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) is a DNA helicase essential for genomic DNA replication. Eukaryotic MCM consists of six gene products, Mcm2–7, which form a heterohexamer. As a critical protein for cell division, MCM is also the target of various checkpoint pathways, such as the S-phase entry and S-phase arrest checkpoints. Both the loading and activation of MCM helicase are strictly regulated and are coupled to cell growth cycles. Deregulation of MCM function has been linked to genomic instability and a variety of carcinomas. History and structure The minichromosome maintenance proteins were named after a yeast genetics screen for mutants defective in the regulation of DNA replication initiation. The rationale behind this screen was that if replication origins were regulated in a manner analogous to transcription promoters, where transcriptional regulators showed promoter specificity, then replication regulators should also show origin specificity. Since ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
